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star power: harnessing the reactive astrocyte response to promote remyelination in multiple sclerosis

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Neural Regeneration research 2024年第3期19卷 578-582页

作者： Markley Silva Oliveira Junior Laura Reiche Emerson Daniele Ines Kortebi Maryam Faiz Patrick Küry Department of Neurology Neuroregeneration laboratoryMedical FacultyHeinrich-Heine-UniversityDüsseldorfGermany institute of medical Science University of TorontoTorontoCanada Division of Anatomy Department of SurgeryUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada

Astrocytes are indispensable for central nervous system development and *** response to injury and disease,astrocytes are integral to the immunological-and the,albeit limited,repair *** this review,we will examine some of the functions reactive astrocytes play in the context of multiple sclerosis and related animal *** will consider the heterogeneity or plasticity of astrocytes and the mechanisms by which they promote or mitigate ***,we will discuss a set of biomedical strategies that can stimulate astrocytes in their promyelinating response.

关键词： astrocytes demyelination drug-based therapies myelin repair oligodendrocyte precursor cells reactive astrogliosis

Burnout in the emergency department: Randomized controlled trial of an attention-based training program

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2019年第3期17卷 173-180页

作者： Pádraic J.Dunne Julie Lynch Lucia Prihodova Caoimhe O'Leary Atiyeh Ghoreyshi Sharee A.Basdeo Donal J.Cox Rachel Breen Ali Sheikhi áine Carroll Cathal Walsh Geraldine McMahon Barry White Trinity Translational Medicine institute Trinity College research Department Royal College of Physicians of Ireland Department of Innovation Fitbit Inc. Health research institute Main BuildingUniversity of Limerick Health Service Executive Dr Steevens' Hospital Department of Emergency Medicine St.James' s Hospital National Centre for Hereditary Coagulation Disorders St.James' s Hospital

Background: Burnout(encompassing emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment) in healthcare professionals is a major issue worldwide. Emergency medicine physicians are particularly affected, potentially impacting on quality of care and attrition from the ***: The aim of this study was to apply an attention-based training(ABT) program to reduce burnout among emergency multidisciplinary team(MDT) members from a large urban ***, setting, participants and interventions: Emergency MDT members were randomized to either a notreatment control or an intervention group. Intervention group participants engaged in a four session(4 h/session) ABT program over 7 weeks with a practice target of 20 min twice-daily. Practice adherence was measured using a smart phone application together with a wearable Charge 2 *** outcome measures: The primary outcome was a change in burnout, comprising emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal achievement. The secondary outcomes were changes in other psychological and biometric ***: The ABT program resulted in a significant reduction(P stion, with an effect size(probability of superiority) of 59%. Similar reductions were observed for stress(P strated significant improvements in heart rate variability, resting heart rate, sleep as well as an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine ***: This study describes a positive impact of ABT on emergency department staff burnout compared to a no-treatment control group.

关键词： Burnout Emotional exhaustion Meditation Healthcare professional Sleep stress Cytokines Cortisol Randomized controlled trial

Neutrino oscillations in the Non-Kerr black hole with quantum phenomenon

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第7期48卷 55-66页

作者： Husan Alibekov Farruh Atamurotov Ahmadjon Abdujabbarov Vokhid Khamidov Ulugh Beg Astronomical institute Astronomy St.33Tashkent 100052Uzbekistan University of Tashkent for Applied Sciences Str.Gavhar 1Tashkent 100149Uzbekistan New Uzbekistan University Movarounnahr street 1Tashkent 100000Uzbekistan Tashkent state Technical University Tashkent 100095Uzbekistan institute of Theoretical Physics National University of UzbekistanTashkent 100174Uzbekistan institute of Fundamental and Applied research National Research University TIIAMEKori Niyoziy 39Tashkent 100000Uzbekistan Tashkent University of Information Technologies named after Muhammad al Khwarizmi Amir Temur 108Tashkent 100014Uzbekistan

In this study,we have investigated the mathematical components of the Dirac equation in curved spacetime and how they can be applied to the analysis of neutrino *** specifically,we have developed a method for calculating the phase shift in flavor neutrino oscillations by utilizing a Taylor series expansion of the action that takes into account△m^(4) *** addition,we have used this method to assess how the phase difference in neutrino mass eigenstates changes according to the gravitational field described by the Johannsen spacetime.

关键词： Dirac equation neutrino flavour oscillation curved spacetime D0I:10.1088/1674-1137/ad3c2c

Mitochondrial GRIM19 Loss Induces Liver Fibrosis through NLRP3/IL33 Activation via Reactive Oxygen Species/NF-κB Signaling

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2024年第6期12卷 539-550页

作者： Xiaohui Xu Jinmei Feng Xin Wang Xin Zeng Ying Luo Xinyu He Meihua Yang Tiewei Lv Zijuan Feng Liming Bao Li Zhao Daochao Huang Yi Huang institute of Pediatrics Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityNational Clinical Research Center for Child Health and DisordersMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and DisordersChongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Metabolism and Inflammatory DiseasesChongqingChina Department of Cardiology Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityNational Clinical Research Center for Child Health and DisordersMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and DisordersNational Clinical Key Cardiovascular SpecialtyLaboratory of Children’s Important Organ Development and Diseases of Chongqing Municipal Health CommissionChongqingChina Department of Laboratory Medicine Chongqing Western HospitalChongqingChina Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases Ministry of EducationInstitute for Viral HepatitisChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina Department of Laboratory Medicine The Third People’s Hospital of ChengduChengduSichuanChina Departments of Neurology Epilepsy CenterBarnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMOUSA Department of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell UniversityNew YorkNYUSA Departments of Medicine(Oncology) Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMOUSA

Background and Aims:Hepatic fibrosis(HF)is a critical step in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Gene associated with retinoid-IFN-induced mortality 19(GRIM19),an essential component of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I,is frequently attenuated in various human cancers,including ***,we aimed to investigate the potential relationship and underlying mechanism between GRIM19 loss and HF ***:GRIM19 expression was evaluated in normal liver tissues,hepatitis,hepatic cirrhosis,and HCC using human liver disease spectrum tissue *** studied hepatocyte-specific GRIM19 knockout mice and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein-9(Cas9)lentivirus-mediated GRIM19 gene-editing in murine hepatocyte AML12 cells in vitro and in *** performed flow cytometry,immunofluorescence,immunohistochemistry,western blotting,and pharmacological intervention to uncover the potential mechanisms underlying GRIM19 loss-induced ***:Mitochondrial GRIM19 was progressively downregulated in chronic liver disease tissues,including hepatitis,cirrhosis,and HCC ***-specific GRIM19 heterozygous deletion induced spontaneous hepatitis and subsequent liver fibrogenesis in *** addition,GRIM19 loss caused chronic liver injury through reactive oxygen species(ROS)-mediated oxidative stress,resulting in aberrant NF-κB activation via an IKK/IKB partner in ***-more,GRIM19 loss activated NLRP3-mediated IL33 signaling administration of the NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 dramatically via the ROS/NF-κB pathway in *** alleviated GRIM19 loss-driven HF in ***:The mitochondrial GRIM19 loss facilitates liver fibrosis through NLRP3/IL33 activation via ROS/NF-κB signaling,providing potential therapeutic approaches for earlier HF prevention.

关键词： Liver fibrosis GRIM19 Reactive Oxygen Species NF-κB NLRP3 inflammasome IL33.

Going only half the way:cell cycle exit after the G1 restriction point

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第1期9卷 1-2页

作者： Lisa Muller Tony Gutschner Mechthild Hatzfeld Department of Pathobiochemistry Institute of Molecular MedicineMartin Luther University Halle-WittenbergCharles Tanford Protein Research CenterHalleGermany Department of RNA Biology and Pathogenesis Institute of Molecular MedicineMartin Luther University Halle-WittenbergCharles Tanford Protein Research CenterHalleGermany

In a recent article published in Nature,james *** et *** that cyclin A2 levels determine whether cells will make an entrance into mitosis or whether cells will leave the cell cycle after having passed the G1/restriction(R)-point implicating that the decision is fully reversible(Fig.1).This ground-breaking study could impact future approaches for cancer treatment by targeting the mitotic clock.

关键词： point cycle

Hierarchical crystalline-amorphous nanocomposites with high strength and large deformability enabled by elemental diffusion

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第4期171卷 150-161页

作者： Liqiang Wang Heyi Wang Xin Zhou Huangliu Fu james Utama Surjadi Shuo Qu Xu Song Rong Fan Yang Lu Department of Mechanical Engineering City University of Hong KongHong KongChina Nano-Manufacturing Laboratory(NML) Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong KongShenzhen 518057China Chengdu research institute City University of Hong KongChengdu 610200China Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Amorphous/nanocrystalline dual-phase structures have recently emerged as an effective way for over-coming the strength-ductility trade-offand breaking the limitation of the reverse Hall-Petch ***,we proposed a new strategy to develop a hierarchical and interconnected amorphous-crystalline nanocomposite arising from the nanoscale elemental interdiffusion and oxygen adsorption behavior dur-ing thermal treatment *** nanocomposite consisted of a three-dimensional(3D)hierarchical network structure where the crystalline phase(Cr-Co-Ni-Al)was embedded into the Al-O-based amor-phous phase network with critical feature sizes encompassing three orders of magnitude(from microm-eter to nanometer scale).It can achieve ultrahigh compression yield strength of-3.6 GPa with large homogeneous deformation of over 50%*** massive interstitial atoms induced lattice distortion and hierarchical amorphous phase boundary contributed to the strength *** situ Uniaxial compression inside a transmission electron microscope(TEM)revealed that the exceptional deformability of the nanocomposites resulted from the homogenous plastic flow of nano-sized amorphous phase and the plastic co-deformation behavior restricted by the nano-architected dual-phase *** proposed dual-phase synthesis approach can outperform conventional nanolaminates design strategies in terms of the mechanical properties achievable while providing a pathway to easily tune the microstructure of these nanolaminates.

关键词： Nanolaminates Dual-phase nanocomposites In situ transmission electron microscopy Multi-component alloy

Complementary and alternative medicine on cognitive defects and neuroinflammation after sepsis

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2024年第2期44卷 408-416页

作者： LI Zhenxuan WANG Xuerui Luis Ulloa Ayman Youssef BAI Yunjing XU Xiaolong LIU Qingquan Department of Infectious Diseases Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100010China Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases Beijing 100010China Infection immunity laboratory Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese MedicineBeijing 100010China Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China Center for Perioperative Organ Protection Department of AnesthesiologyDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth Carolina 27710USA

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy(SAE)is a common manifestation of sepsis,ranging from mild confusion and delirium to severe cognitive impairment and deep *** is associated with higher mortality and long-term outcomes,particularly substantial declines in cognitive *** mechanisms of SAE probably include neuroinflammation that is mediated by systemic inflammation and ischemic lesions in the brain,a disrupted blood–brain barrier,oxidative stress,neurotransmitter dysfunction,and severe microglial *** evidence suggests that complementary and alternative medicine,especially Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM),is favorable in alleviating cognitive decline after ***,we summarized the studies of traditional herbal remedies,TCM formulas and acupuncture therapy in animal models of neurological dysfunctions after sepsis in recent decades and reviewed their potential mechanisms.

关键词： sepsis-associated encephalopathy cognitive dysfunction complementary therapies neuroinflammatory diseases medicine Chinese traditional review

Superconducting joints using reacted multifilament MgB_(2)wires:A technology toward cryogen-free MRI magnets

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第1期12卷 159-170页

作者： Dipak Patel Akiyoshi Matsumoto Hiroaki Kumakura Yuka Hara Toru Hara Minoru Maeda Hao Liang Yusuke Yamauchi Seyong Choi Jung Ho Kim Md Shahriar A.Hossain School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueensland 4072Australia National institute for Materials Science(NIMS) 1-2-1 SengenTsukubaIbaraki 305-0047Japan Department of Electrical Engineering and Kangwon High Magnetic Field Center Institute of Quantum Convergence TechnologyKangwon National UniversityGangwon 24341Republic of Korea Australian institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology(AIBN) The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueensland 4072Australia Department of Materials Process Engineering Graduate School of EngineeringNagoya UniversityNagoyaAichi 464-8603Japan institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials Australian Institute for Innovative MaterialsUniversity of WollongongNorth WollongongNew South Wales 2500Australia

The development of superconducting joining technology for reacted magnesium diboride(MgB_(2))conductors remains a critical challenge for the advancement of cryogen-free MgB_(2)-based magnets for magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).Herein,the fabrication of superconducting joints using reacted carbon-doped multifilament MgB_(2)wires for MRI magnets is *** achieve successful superconducting joints,the powder-in-mold method was employed,which involved tuning the filament protection mechanism,the powder compaction pressure,and the heat treatment *** fabricated joints demonstrated clear superconducting-to-normal transitions in self-field,with effective magnetic field screening up to 0.5 T at 20 *** evaluate the interface between one of the MgB_(2)filaments and the MgB_(2)bulk within the joint,serial sectioning was conducted for the first time in this type of superconducting *** serial sectioning revealed space formation at the interface,potentially caused by the volume shrinkage associated with the MgB_(2)formation or the combined effect of the volume shrinkage and the different thermal expansion coefficients of the MgB_(2)bulk,the filament,the mold,and the sealing *** findings are expected to be pivotal in developing MgB_(2)superconducting joining technology for MRI magnet applications through interface engineering.

关键词： Mg B2 superconducting joint MgB_(2)conductor MRI applications Cryogen-free magnet Persistent-mode operation

Footprints of axion-like particle in pulsar timing array data and james Webb Space Telescope observations

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第11期67卷 55-62页

作者： Shu-Yuan Guo Maxim Khlopov Xuewen Liu Lei Wu Yongcheng Wu Bin Zhu Department of Physics Yantai UniversityYantai 264005 China institute of Physics Southern Federal UniversityRostov on Don 344090 Russia National research Nuclear University MEPhI(Moscow Engineering Physics institute) Moscow 115409 Russia Virtual institute of Astroparticle Physics Paris 75018 France Department of Physics and institute of Theoretical Physics Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023 China

Several pulsar timing array(PTA) collaborations have recently reported the evidence for a stochastic gravitational-wave background(SGWB), which can unveil the formation of primordial seeds of inhomogeneities in the early universe. With the SGWB parameters inferred from PTAs data, we can make a prediction of the seeds for early galaxy formation from the domain walls in the axion-like particles(ALPs) field distribution. This also naturally provides a solution to the observation of high redshifts by the james Webb Space Telescope. The predicted photon coupling of the ALP is within the reach of future experimental searches.

关键词： stochastic gravitational-wave background pulsar timing array axion-like particle JWst