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Rethinking bioequivalence and equivalence requirements of orally inhaled drug products

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2015年第6期10卷 461-471页

作者： Dina Al-Numani Philippe Colucci Murray P.Ducharme learn and confirm inc. St-LaurentQCCanada Facultéde Pharmacie University of MontrealMontrealQCCanada1

Orally inhaled drug products(OIPs),such as corticosteroids and bronchodilators,are at the forefront of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease treatments,two diseases that afflict worldwide *** generics of these products is essential,as the pricing of these medications remain a barrier to adequate patient ***,there is no consensus between regulatory bodies as to the bioequivalence and equivalence requirements of OIPs that are intended for local action in the *** manuscript critically reviews these requirements and presents future directions for clinicians,scientists,and regulators to consider to optimize the development and approval of OIPs.

关键词： Inhalation products Pharmacokinetics Pharmacodynamics Bioequivalence Therapeutic equivalence Clinical endpoint studies

TextFormer: A Query-based End-to-end Text Spotter with Mixed Supervision

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Machine Intelligence Research 2024年第4期21卷 704-717页

作者： Yukun Zhai Xiaoqiang Zhang Xiameng Qin Sanyuan Zhao Xingping Dong Jianbing Shen School of Computer Science Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Department of Computer Vision Technology Baidu Inc.Beijing 100193China

End-to-end text spotting is a vital computer vision task that aims to integrate scene text detection and recognition into a unified *** methods heavily rely on region-of-interest(Rol)operations to extract local features and complex post-processing steps to produce final *** address these limitations,we propose TextFormer,a query-based end-to-end text spotter with a transformer ***,using query embedding per text instance,TextFormer builds upon an image encoder and a text decoder to learn a joint semantic understanding for multitask *** allows for mutual training and optimization of classification,segmentation and recognition branches,resulting in deeper feature sharing without sacrificing flexibility or ***,we design an adaptive global aggregation(AGG)module to transfer global features into sequential features for reading arbitrarilyshaped texts,which overcomes the suboptimization problem of Rol ***,potential corpus information is utilized from weak annotations to full labels through mixed supervision,further improving text detection and end-to-end text spotting *** experiments on various bilingual(i.e.,English and Chinese)benchmarks demonstrate the superiority of our *** on the TDA-ReCTS dataset,TextFormer surpasses the state-of-the-art method in terms of 1-NED by 13.2%.

关键词： End-to-end text spotting arbitrarily-shaped texts transformer mixed supervision multitask modeling.

Hyperparameter optimization of YOLOv8 for smoke and wildfire detection:Implications for agricultural and environmental safety

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Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 2024年第2期12卷 109-126页

作者： Leo Ramos Edmundo Casas Eduardo Bendek Cristian Romero Francklin Rivas-Echeverría Kauel inc. Menlo Park(Silicon Valley)CA 94025USA Computer Vision Center Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterra 08193Spain Faculty of Engineering University of DeustoBilbao 48007Spain Jet Propulsion Laboratory NASAPasadenaCA 91109USA

In this study,we extensively evaluated the viability of the state-of-the-art YOLOv8 architecture for object detec-tion tasks,specifically tailored for smoke and wildfire identification with a focus on agricultural and environmen-tal *** available versions of YOLOv8 were initially fine-tuned on a domain-specific dataset that inc.uded a variety of scenarios,crucial for comprehensive agricultural ***‘large’version(YOLOv8l)was se-lected for further hyperparameter tuning based on its performance *** model underwent a detailed hyperparameter optimization using the One Factor At a Time(OFAT)methodology,concentrating on key param-eters such as learning rate,batch size,weight decay,epochs,and *** from the OFAT study were used to define search spaces for a subsequent Random Search(RS).The final model derived from RS demon-strated significant improvements over the initial fine-tuned model,inc.easing overall precision by 1.39%,recall by 1.48%,F1-score by 1.44%,mAP@0.50 by 0.70%,and mAP@0.50:0.95 by 5.09%.We validated the enhanced model's efficacy on a diverse set of real-world images,reflecting various agricultural settings,to confirm its ro-bustness in detecting smoke and *** results underscore the model's reliability and effectiveness in scenar-ios critical to agricultural safety and environmental *** work,representing a significant advancement in the field of fire and smoke detection through machine learning,lays a strong foundation for fu-ture research and solutions aimed at safeguarding agricultural areas and natural environments.

关键词： Agricultural safety Wildfire detection Smoke detection Object detection Computer vision YOL

Dynamics of self-hybridized exciton–polaritons in 2D halide perovskites

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第1期13卷 13-22页

作者： Surendra B.Anantharaman Jason Lynch Christopher E.Stevens Christopher Munley Chentao Li Jin Hou Hao Zhang Andrew Torma Thomas Darlington Francis Coen Kevin Li Arka Majumdar PJames Schuck Aditya Mohite Hayk Harutyunyan Joshua R.Hendrickson Deep Jariwala Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA KBR inc. BeavercreekOH45431USA Air Force Research Laboratory Sensors DirectorateWright-Patterson Air Force BaseOH45433USA Department of Physics University of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA Department of Physics Emory UniversityAtlantaGA30322USA Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Rice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering Rice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA Applied Physics Program Smalley‐Curl InstituteRice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA

Excitons,bound electron–hole pairs,in two-dimensional hybrid organic inorganic perovskites(2D HOIPs)are capable of forming hybrid light-matter states known as exciton-polaritons(E–Ps)when the excitonic medium is confined in an optical *** the case of 2D HOIPs,they can self-hybridize into E–Ps at specific thicknesses of the HOIP crystals that form a resonant optical cavity with the ***,the fundamental properties of these self-hybridized E–Ps in 2D HOIPs,inc.uding their role in ultrafast energy and/or charge transfer at interfaces,remain ***,we demonstrate that>0.5µm thick 2D HOIP crystals on Au substrates are capable of supporting multiple-orders of self-hybridized E–P *** E–Ps have high Q factors(>100)and modulate the optical dispersion for the crystal to enhance sub-gap absorption and *** varying excitation energy and ultrafast measurements,we also confirm energy transfer from higher energy E–Ps to lower energy E–***,we also demonstrate that E–Ps are capable of charge transport and transfer at *** findings provide new insights into charge and energy transfer in E–Ps opening new opportunities towards their manipulation for polaritonic devices.

关键词： charge polar excitation

Is the possible fine-structure constant drift also a test of a time-dependent Planck constant?

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2011年第12期54卷 2191-2195页

作者： ZTAS A. M. SMITH M. L. Engineering Physics Hacettepe University Jannek Fuel inc. Phoenix

The recent publication of spatial and distance variation of the fine-structure constant, α, derived from astronomical data of quasar emissions (QE) is exciting. The decreasing value of α over time, derived from data obtained from the Very Large Telescope (VLT) in Chile, encourages the search for other possible running constants. We surmise that emissions from distant supernovae, type Ia (SNe Ia), which are more blue than predictions are best explained by a decreasing Planck constant with inc.easing lookback time. We present some results from our theoretical work and comparison to the astronomical observations and suggest that both α and h might be running constants. More data are required to answer several questions about the origin of the "drifting" α and the possible time dependence of h. Astronomical tools such as SNe and QE may be the best means to secure the exacting data needed to confirm or deny these hypotheses.

关键词： alpha quasars distance measurement supernovae CMB

Gene Expression Versus Sequence for Predicting Function: Glia Maturation Factor Gamma Is Not A Glia Maturation Factor

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2003年第1期1卷 52-57页

作者： Michael G.Walker inc.te Genomics Inc. CA 94087 USA

It is standard practice, whenever a researcher finds a new gene, to search databases for genes that have a similar sequence. It is not standard practice, whenever a researcher finds a new gene, to search for genes that have similar expression (co-expression). Failure to perform co-expression searches has lead to inc.rrect conclusions about the likely function of new genes, and has lead to wasted laboratory attempts to confirm functions inc.rrectly predicted. We present here the example of Glia Maturation Factor gamma (GMF-gamma). Despite its name, it has not been shown to participate in glia maturation. It is a gene of unknown function that is similar in sequence to GMF-beta. The sequence homology and chromosomal location led to an unsuccessful search for GMF-gamma mutations in glioma. We examined GMF-gamma expression in 1432 human cDNA libraries. Highest expression occurs in phagocytic, antigen-presenting and other hematopoietic cells. We found GMF-gamma mRNA in almost every tissue examined, with expression in nervous tissue no higher than in any other tissue. Our evidence indicates that GMF-gamma participates in phagocytosis in antigen presenting cells. Searches for genes with similar sequences should be supplemented with searches for genes with similar expression to avoid inc.rrect predictions.

关键词： gene function prediction expression analysis sequence analysis GMF-gamma

欧洲与北美制造的烧结青铜含油轴承性能的比较

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粉末冶金技术 2006年第4期24卷 304-309页

作者： Haward I.Sanderrow Leander F.Pease 韩凤麟 President Management & Engineering TechnologiesMET Group Inc. President Powder-Tech AssociatateInc.

多孔性青铜含油轴承是全世界都在生产的,最早与最无处不用的现代粉末冶金产品。然而,各地区产品之间仍存在着明显差异。近期发布的粉末冶金材料的全球标准ISO5755,其中有2个描述轴承材料性能的数据表。其中列举的几项关键性轴承特性和M... 详细信息

多孔性青铜含油轴承是全世界都在生产的,最早与最无处不用的现代粉末冶金产品。然而,各地区产品之间仍存在着明显差异。近期发布的粉末冶金材料的全球标准ISO5755,其中有2个描述轴承材料性能的数据表。其中列举的几项关键性轴承特性和MPIF标准35或相应的ASTM标准中列出的轴承性能有所不同。因此,MPIF标准委员会进行一项小型试验,对标准90%(质量分数)Cu-10%(质量分数)Sn轴承的关键特性进行了对比。这项研究的样品零件来自欧洲与北美的大批量生产厂家。数据证实孔隙度与径向压溃强度不同,这种差异是原料粉与制造工艺的微妙差异所致。最终用户应该了解这些差异,和确认ISO5755中列举的特性能满足他们对轴承的要求。

关键词：粉末冶金轴承性能青铜含油轴承

Gaussian processes non-linear inverse reinforcement learning

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IET Cyber-Systems and Robotics 2021年第2期3卷 150-163页

作者： Qifeng Qiao Xiaomin Lin Netflix Inc.Los GatosCaliforniaUSA Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Co BostonMassachusettsUSA

The authors analyse a Bayesian framework for posing and solving inverse reinforcement learning(IRL)problems that arise in decision-making and optimisation *** authors propose a non-parametric Bayesian model using Gaussian process(GP)and preference graphs,which offer an effective and computationally efficient method for illposed IRL problems in large or infinite state *** approach only requires a finite number of demonstrations that is much less than the amount required for approximating the feature expectation or value functions in previous IRL *** proposed learning framework is expressive as it relies on a Bayesian structure in which assumptions are explicit and *** is also robust in that it formalises on convex optimisation,which retains the promise of computationally manageable implementations for practical *** deal with more realistic IRL problems where the dynamics is also unknown,the GP model can be easily combined with the method to learn the dynamics at the same *** results prove the superiority of the authors method to current prevailing IRL algorithms with fewer numbers of demonstrations in both discrete and continuous state space.

关键词： space. inverse Gaussian

The Three-Arm Michelson-Fabry-Perot Detector for Gravitational Waves

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Chinese Physics Letters 2016年第8期33卷 24-28页

作者：黄超光李永贵朱宁 Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Theoretical Physics Center for Science Facilities Chinese Academy of Sciences Wall Street Quantitative Systems inc.

A three-arm Michelson-Fabry-Perot detector for gravitational waves is designed. It consists of three Michelson Fabry-Perot interferometers, one for each pair of arms. The new detector can be used to confirm whether the gravitational waves are in general relativity polarization states and to set the strong constraints on non-GR gravitational wave polarization states. By the new detectors, the angular resolution of sources can be improved significantly. With the new detector, it is easier to search for and confirm a gravitational wave signal in the observation data.

关键词： of on for in The Three-Arm Michelson-Fabry-Perot Detector for Gravitational Waves is