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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第3期15卷 346-358页

作者： Thomas A.Berg Kristina W.Kintziger Julie Suzuki Crumly Scott A.lawson Carole R.Myers Tracey T.Stansberry College of Nursing University of Tennessee Knoxville Department of Environmental Agricultural and Occupational Health University of Nebraska Medical Center Public health and healthcare Oak Ridge Associated Universities

Due to a lack of resources, rural communities often face challenges when planning catastrophic events. This project involved applying systems thinking and model-based systems engineering to develop a proof-of-concept, multi-method computer simulation and then determining whether the simulation could be used to assess the efficacy of disaster planning approaches on health outcomes in rural communities, as a function of primary healthcare. The project focus was a rural or non-urban healthcare system experiencing a natural hazard. Both system dynamics and discrete event models were incorporated to represent subsystem operations, crucial disaster responses, as well as three key response systems: public health, emergency management, and healthcare. The subsystem models included several components: policies/procedures, communications,resources, exercises/drills/training, healthcare space and staff, and the flow of affected people into and through the *** combined simulation can serve as a first step to a more comprehensive approach to helping rural communities achieve more efficient and effective healthcare planning for disaster responses.

关键词： Computer simulation Disaster preparedness Model-based systems engineering Rural healthcare System dynamics model Systems thinking

Exercise for stroke prevention

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2018年第2期3卷 59-68页

作者： Peter L Prior Neville Suskin lawson health research institution LondonOntarioCanada St.Josephs health Care Cardiac Rehabilitation and Secondary Prevention Program LondonOntarioCanada Department of Medicine(Cardiology) Schulich School of Medicine&DentistryWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada

We review evidence concerning exercise for stroke *** biological reasons suggest that exercise would be important in preventing *** definitive randomised controlled trials evaluating the impact of physical activity(PA)and exercise on preventing stroke and mortality are lacking,observational studies,small randomised controlled trials and meta-analyses have provided evidence that PA and exercise favourably modify stroke risk factors,including hypertension,dyslipidaemia,diabetes,sedentary lifestyle,obesity,excessive alcohol consumption and tobacco *** is,therefore,important to understand the factors associated with poststroke PA/exercise and cardiorespiratory *** associated factors include self-efficacy,social support and quality of patients’relationships with health *** associated factors include logistical barriers,medical comorbidities,stroke-related deficits,negative exercise beliefs,fear of falling,poststroke fatigue,arthropathy/pain and *** research is needed to specify efficacious behavioural approaches to increase poststroke *** techniques probably include physician endorsement of exercise programmesto patients,enhancement of patient-professional relationships,providing patients an exercise rationale,motivational interviewing,collaborative goal-setting with patients,addressing logistical concerns,social support in programsmes,structured exercise programming,individualised behavioural instruction,behavioural diary recording,reviewing behavioural consequences of exercise efforts,reinforcing successful exercise *** programming without counselling may increase short-term activity;simple advice or information-giving is probably *** patients or those with cognitive impairment may need increased structure,with emphasis on behaviour per se,versus self-regulation *** support the latest American Heart Association/American Stroke Associati

关键词： prevention behaviour programming

Copy number variation of NAL23 causes narrow-leaf development in rice

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2024年第8期51卷 880-883页

作者： Degui Zhou Yajing Li Xianrong Xie Wenyan Ding Libin Chen Tie Li Jianian Tang Xiyu Tan Weizhi Liu Yueqin Heng Yongyao Xie Letian Chen Qi Liu Shaochuan Zhou Jing Zhao Gong Zhang Jiantao Tan Yaoguang Liu Rongxin Shen State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureCollege of Life SciencesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510642China Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding Rice Research InstituteGuangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhouGuangdong 510640China Key Laboratory of Functional Protein research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology Institute of Life and Health EngineeringJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510632China

Leaf shape is a key trait for plant architecture relating to photosynthesis and transpiration in plants(lawson et al.,2020).Erect leaves with proper leaf length and width,particularly the upper three leaves in cereal crops,could significantly improve light absorption efficiency in canopy and ultimately increase crop yield(Jiao et al.,2010).Rice leaves initiate at the peripheral zone of shoot apical meristem,then develop along the proximal-distal,adaxial-abaxial,and mediallateral axes to form a flat symmetric architecture(Du et al.,2018).

关键词： crops cereal narrow

Role of surfactant in the paradigm of ALI/ARDS

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2003年第12期 164-165页

作者： Jim LEWIS Canada lawson health research Institute/St. Joseph’s health Center London/Ontario N6A4V2 University of Western Ontario

ALI/ARDS is a devastating complication occurring in critically ill patients, and despite extensive research ettects over the last 30 years, current mortality remains unacceptably high at approxjmately 30% to 40%. Although several different insults can ultimately lead to ALI/ARDS, the clinical definition of this syndrome is relatively simple, and involves commmon physiologic criteria. Indeed, it was these criteria(hypoxemia and decreased lung compliance without heart failure) together with the pathologic similarities to infants with

关键词： Role of surfactant in the paradigm of ALI/ARDS In as on ALI of in

Corneal infection in Shandong peninsula of China: a10-year retrospective study on 578 cases

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2016年第1期9卷 53-57页

作者： Xiao-Jing Pan Tao Jiang Hai Zhu Peng-Peng Liu Zhan-Yu Zhou Alexander J.Mao Department of Ophthalmology the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Department of Ophthalmology Qingdao Municipal Hospital Department of Ophthalmology Ivey Eye Institute St Joseph's Hospital Lawson Health Research InstituteUniversity of Western Ontario

AIM：To determine the epidemiological characteristics,clinical signs,laboratory findings,and outcomes in patients with corneal infection in Shandong peninsula of China.·METHODS：The medical records of 578 inpatients（578eyes）with corneal infection were reviewed retrospectively for demographic characteristics,risk factors,seasonal variation,clinical signs,laboratory findings,and treatment *** history,ocular examination findings using slit-lamp biomicroscopy,laboratory findings resulted from microbiological cultures,and treatment.·RESULTS：Fungal keratitis constituted 58.48%of cases of infectious keratitis among the inpatients,followed by herpes simplex keratitis（20.76%）,bacterial keratitis（19.03%）and acanthamoeba keratitis（1.73%）.The most common risk factor was corneal trauma（71.80%）.The direct microscopic examination（338 cases）using potassium hydroxide（KOH）wet mounts was positive in296 cases（87.57%）.Among the 298 fungal culturepositive cases,Fusarium species were the most common isolates（70.47%）.A total of 517 cases（89.45%）received surgical intervention,including 255（44.12%）cases of penetrating keratoplasty,74（12.80%）cases of lamellar keratoplasty which has become increasingly popular,and77 cases（13.32%）of evisceration or enucleation.·CONCLUSION：At present,infectious keratitis is a primary corneal disease causing blindness in *** Fusarium species being the most commonly identified pathogens,fungal keratitis is the leading cause of severe infectious corneal ulcers in Shandong peninsula of China.

关键词： keratitis epidemiology etiology retrospectivestudy

Disulfiram in the management of alcohol dependence: A comprehensive clinical review

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2014年第1期4卷 43-52页

作者： Gurvinder Kalra Avinash De Sousa Amresh Shrivastava Department of Psychiatry The University of Western Ontario Lawson Health Research Institute London Canada Desousa Foundation Mumbai India Northern Area Mental health Services Melbourne Australia

Disulfiram remains a viable option as a treatment for alcohol dependence and has been shown in recent studies to be successful in treating patients with alcohol dependence in a manner that is superior to both naltrexone and acamprosate. It is also useful in dual diagnosis patients and those with co-morbid cocaine and alcohol dependence. Although disulfiram’s mechanism of action in alcohol dependence was long thought to be its effects as a psychological deterrent, more recent studies have uncovered potential anticraving effects as well. Recent reviews exhort to the importance of supervised disulfiram therapy in highlighting many of the potential and unique benefits of disulfiram. The present article will review the major clinical trials of disulfiram spanning nearly 60 years. It also discusses the usage of disulfiram across diverse populations along with monitoring for compliance and various adverse effects that may be encountered. The paper also reviews certain studies on long acting disulfiram therapy, recent comparative trials of disulfiram and its use in alcohol dependence. The review concludes with the role of disulfiram in the present day and long-term pharmacotherapy of alcohol dependence along with future research needs in this area.

关键词： Disulfiram Alcohol Dependence Alcohol Deterrent Pharmacotherapy Long Acting Disulfiram

Resilience Improves Neurocognition and Treatment Outcomes in Schizophrenia: A Hypothesis

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2016年第2期6卷 173-187页

作者： Amresh Shrivastava Avinash De Sousa Sushma Sonavane Nilesh Shah Department of Psychiatry The Western University Lawson Health Research Institute London Canada Department of Psychiatry Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College Mumbai India

There has been a revolutionary advance in the treatment and management of schizophrenia from a clinical aspect yet the social and functional outcomes remain poor. Cognitive function is impaired in schizophrenia and shows various domains of dysfunction like verbal memory, processing speed and working memory. It is also known to be a factor associated with poor outcome in schizophrenia. Resilience is a new concept psychobiological concept which is defined as individual’s ability to adapt swiftly to adverse life events and bounces back to normalcy. Resilience has genetic, neurobiological, neurochemical and psychological underpinnings. It is the ability to effectively deal with psychosocial stressors and appears to be one of the many factors associated with favourable outcomes in schizophrenia. Besides several neurobiological abnormalities associated with resilience, neucognitive functions are of particular interest. Persistent psychosocial stressors also lead to significant neurobiological changes which may be synergetic to poor outcome due to cognitive changes. Though there has been extensive research in the field of cognitive function in schizophrenia, the trajectory of its pathway of poor outcome remains undetermined. Resilience being a protective factor may be one of the psychobiological functions which modulate the effect of neurocognition on the outcome of schizophrenia. There has been some success with interventions aimed at improving cognitive function in schizophrenia whether pharmacological or non pharmacological. In this paper, we discuss a hypothesis that resilience may be a “linkage” between cognition and outcome. There is a need for interventions aimed at increasing resilience in patients with schizophrenia and we hypothesize giving evidence that this may in turn improve outcome and neurocognitive functioning in schizophrenia.

关键词： Resilience Cognition Neurocognition Schizophrenia Outcomes

The involvement of interleukin-22 in the expression of pancreatic beta cell regenerative Reg genes

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Cell Regeneration 2013年第1期2卷 7-17页

作者： Thomas Hill Olga Krougly Enayat Nikoopour Stacey Bellemore Edwin Lee-Chan Lynette A Fouser David J Hill Bhagirath Singh Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Western OntarioLondonONCanada Inflammation and Immunology Biotherapeutics Research and DevelopmentPfizerCambridgeMA 02140USA Department of Physiology and Pharmacology University of Western OntarioLondonONCanada lawson health research Institute LondonONCanada Centre for Human Immunology University of Western OntarioLondonONCanada Robarts research Institute University of Western OntarioLondonONCanada

Background:In Type 1 diabetes,the insulin-producingβ-cells within the pancreatic islets of Langerhans are *** showed previously that immunotherapy with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin(BCG)or complete Freund’s adjuvant(CFA)of non-obese diabetic(NOD)mice can prevent disease process and pancreaticβ-cell *** was associated with increased islet Regenerating(Reg)genes expression,and elevated IL-22-producing Th17 T-cells in the ***:We hypothesized that IL-22 was responsible for the increased Reg gene expression in the *** therefore quantified the Reg1,Reg2,and Reg3δ(INGAP)mRNA expression in isolated pre-diabetic NOD islets treated with *** measured IL-22,and IL-22 receptor(R)-αmRNA expression in the pancreas and spleen of pre-diabetic and diabetic NOD *** results showed:1)Reg1 and Reg2 mRNA abundance to be significantly increased in IL-22-treated islets in vitro;2)IL-22 mRNA expression in the pre-diabetic mouse pancreas increased with time following CFA treatment;3)a reduced expression of IL-22Rαfollowing CFA treatment;4)a down-regulation in Reg1 and Reg2 mRNA expression in the pancreas of pre-diabetic mice injected with an IL-22 neutralizing antibody;and 5)an increased isletβ-cell DNA synthesis in vitro in the presence of ***:We conclude that IL-22 may contribute to the regeneration ofβ-cells by up-regulating Regenerating Reg1 and Reg2 genes in the islets.

关键词： Adjuvant immunotherapy Interleukin-22 Regenerating(Reg)genes Beta-cell regeneration Type 1 diabetes

Effects of overburden characteristics on dynamic failure in underground coal mining

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2017年第1期27卷 121-129页

作者： lawson Heather E. Tesarik Douglas Larson Mark K Abraham Habte NIOSH Office of Mine Safety and Health ResearchGround Control BranchSpokane WA 99207USA

Dynamic failures, or ‘‘bumps", remain an imperative safety concern in underground coal mining, despite significant advancements in engineering controls. The presence of spatially discrete, stiff roof units are one feature that has been linked to these events. However, an empirical stratigraphic review indicates that no significant difference exists in the relative commonality of discrete units between bumping and non-bumping deposits. Instead an apparent relationship exists between reportable bumping and the overall stiffness of the host rock. However, this initial study is too simplistic to be conclusive; to weight the relative impact of changes in a single variable, such as the thickness or location of sandstone members, it must be examined in isolation—i.e., in a setting where all other variables are held *** modelling provides this setting, and the effects of variability in a stiff discrete member in a hypothetical longwall mining scenario are investigated within the context of three stratigraphic ‘‘types",Compliant, Intermediate and Stiff. A modelling experiment examines changes in rupture potential in stiff roof units for each stratigraphic type as discrete unit thickness and location are manipulated through a range of values. Results suggest that the stiff-to-compliant ratio of the host rock has an impact on the relative stress-inducing effects of discrete stiff members. In other words, it is necessary to consider both the thickness and the distance to the seam, within the context of the host rock, to accurately anticipate areas of elevated rupture-induced hazard; acknowledging the presence of a discrete unit within the overburden in general terms is an insufficient indicator of risk. This finding helps to refine our understanding of the role of individual stiff, strong roof members in bumping phenomena, and suggests that a holistic view of overburden lithology and site-specific numerical modelling may be necessary to improve miner safety.

关键词： Dynamic failure Coal mining Bumps Bounces

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Exploration of petrographic,elemental,and material properties of dynamic failure-prone coals

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2020年第1期30卷 69-75页

作者： Heather lawson Spokane Mining research Division National Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthSpokaneWA 99207USA

The purpose of this study is to explore how the geochemical and petrographic components of coal may impact its physical properties and how these correlate with a history of reportable dynamic failure in coal *** failure events,also termed bumps,bounces,or bursts,are the explosive failures of rock in a mining *** events occur suddenly and often with no warning,resulting in worker injury up to and including fatality in greater than 60%of reportable cases through the Mine Safety and health Administration(MSHA).A database of variables was compiled using publicly available datasets,which includes compositional geographic,strength,and Hardgrove grindability index(HGI)*** indicated that bumping coals were less mature,lower in carbon,higher in oxygen,softer,and less well cleated than coals that did not *** liptinite content was found to correlate with higher average uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)***,no clear and direct correlation between UCS and dynamic failure status was *** findings of this study established that differences existed between coals that had versus had not experienced reportable dynamic failure *** differences were inherent to the coal itself and were independent of mining-induced risk *** further illuminated how compositional attribute of coal influenced physical properties and began to clarify potential links between geochemistry and dynamic failure *** through the better understanding of risk can more effective mitigating strategies be enacted.

关键词： Dynamic failure Coal Bump Bounce Burst

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