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Antibiotics Resistance of Urogenital Mycoplasma in Sexually Active Women Attending Gynecologic Consultation in douala (Cameroon)

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Advances in Microbiology 2023年第12期13卷 559-570页

作者： Jean Pierre Nda Mefo’o Rosa Fetue Notio Fulbert Mangala Nkwele Grace Dalle Ngondi Emmanuel Roddy Mengue Elodie Ngo Malabo Charlotte Tchente Nguefack Cécile Okalla Ebongue Théophile Nana Njamen Laboratory of Clinical Biology Douala General Hospital Douala Cameroon Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Surgery and Specialties Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Douala Douala Cameroon Mother and Child Department Douala General Hospital Douala Cameroon Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon

Introduction: Mycoplasmas are bacteria commonly found in the commensal flora of humans and can occasionally be pathogenic. The population and the geographical area determine their susceptibility to various antibiotics. Methodology: We carried out a cross-sectional study from January to June 2022 at the douala General hospital. All women who were sexually active and willing to participate were included. Endo-cervical swabbing was used to collect the samples. Culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed in a liquid medium using Mycoplasma-SystemPlus Gallery (Liofilchem). All samples that degraded urea (threshold > 103 for Ureaplasma urealyticum) and arginine (threshold > 104 for Mycoplasma hominis) were deemed positive. Results: A total of 107 women with a median age of 33 ± 8.3 years and a predominance of 30-40 years (41.1%) were included. The frequency of mycoplasma infection was 73.8% with 34.1%, 11.4% and 54.4% for Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis and co-infection respectively. Resistance rates to Minocycline were low, 1.3% for Ureaplasma urealyticum and 3.7% for co-infection;for Pefloxacin the resistance rates were 3.7% (Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis) and 22.8% (co-infection). Ureaplasma urealyticum had a resistance rate of 3.7% for Erythromycin, 1.3% for Clarithromycin and 5% for Azithromycin. There was no significant correlation between risk factors and infection. Vaginal cleansing and the development of resistance in mycoplasma infection were found to be significantly correlated (OR = 6.915 [1.52 - 31.55];(p = 0.013)). Conclusion: Minocycline was the most active antibiotic and Ureaplasma urealyticum was the species with the lowest rate of resistance. Antibiotic resistance was more common in co-infected people than mono-infected. Antibiotic resistance was independently correlated with vaginal douching.

关键词： Urogenital Mycoplasma Sexually Active Women douala Cameroon

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Prenatal Diagnosis of Congenital Malformations in douala General hospital

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2015年第15期5卷 839-848页

作者： Tchente Nguefack Charlotte Nzesseu Djomo Aurore Brulet Charlotte Barla Esther Belley Priso Eugene Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutics Science University of Douala Douala Cameroon Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit Douala General Hospital Douala Cameroon Faculty of Health Science University of Mountains Bagangté Cameroon Cabinet Médical Dr Brulet Douala Cameroon Pediatrics Unit Douala General Hospital Douala Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Science University of Yaoundé Yaoundé Cameroon

To determine the prevalence of congenital malformations and the proportion of cases diagnosed before birth;to specify this proportion according to the type of malformation and the sonographer qualification. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study carried out at the douala General hospital in the obstetric and neonatal units over a period of 42 months, from January 2008 to June 2012. The procedure consisted of;firstly an explanation of the study purpose with consent of parents obtained, thereafter, the parents were interviewed and data extracted from their files. The new born had a complete clinical exam. Morphological and biological assessment were done to ascertain diagnosis if needed. They were then followed up for 48 hours. Data were analysed using SPSS. Statistical analyses were mainly descriptive: mean, median, mode and frequency were calculated. Results: During this period, 6048 neonates were examined, 99 of whom had a malformation giving a prevalence of 1.64%. Musculoskeletal defects were the most common (36.4%), followed by digestive tract defects (22.2%). Ultrasounds were carried out mainly in the second term. Among the malformed babies, only 16.2% were diagnosed during the prenatal period. The obstetricians did better than radiologist in the prenatal diagnosis of congenital malformations. All the urinary tract malformations and 33.3% of the polymalformations were diagnosed by prenatal echography. Among the malformed babies, 33% died within the first 48 hours of life and poly-malformed babies were more concerned (66.7%). Conclusion: The prevalence of congenital birth defect was 1.64%. The rate of prenatal diagnosis remained low, meanwhile one third of the affected babies die after births. An early diagnosis would anticipate on medical care at birth and allow therapeutics abortions when indicated.

关键词： Birth Defects Prevalence Antenatal Diagnosis Outcome douala Cameroon

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Stroke Epidemiology in douala: Three Years Prospective Study in a Teaching hospital in Cameroon

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World Journal of Neuroscience 2014年第5期4卷 406-414页

作者： Yacouba N. Mapoure C. Kuate Clet B. Tchaleu Hugo B. Mbatchou Ngahane Gérard N. Mounjouopou Hamadou Ba Salomon Mbahe Julius Y. Fonsah Gérard Beyiha Henry N. Luma Albert S. Mouelle Philomène K. Ndouongo Alfred K. Njamnshi Department of Clinical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Internal Medicine Douala General Hospital Douala Cameroon Department of Internal Medicine University of Yaoundé I Douala Cameroon Department of Neurology Yaoundé Central Hospital Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Surgery University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Neurology University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon

Background and Objectives: Cerebro-vascular accident or stroke constitutes a major challenge in sub-Saharan Africa. In Cameroon, basic epidemiologic data are not routinely available. Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the type, the associated risk factors, time to admission, the clinical presentation and the case fatality of stroke at the douala General hospital (DGH) in Cameroon. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2012 at the neurology and intensive care units of the DGH. All patients above 15 years of age with a diagnosis of established stroke were enrolled. For each patient, socio-demographic, clinical and paraclinical data were recorded as well as the duration of hospitalization and the case fatality. Results: In all, 325 patients were enrolled with males constituting 68.1% and general mean age of 58.66 ± 13.6 years. The mean initial consultation delay was 47.36 ± 18.48 hours. The majors cerebro-vascular risk factors were hypertension (81.15%), chronic alcohol consumption (28.3%), diabetes mellitus (20.61%), obesity (18.15%), cigarette smoking (16%), dyslipidemia (8.9%) and atrial fibrillation (3.07%). Ischemic stroke accounted for 52% of cases while 48% were hemorrhagic. The mean duration of hospitalization was 8.58 ± 6.35 days with a case fatality rate of 26.8%. Septic conditions appeared to be the leading cause of death accounting for 35.6% of cases. Conclusion: Stroke in the DGH is associated with a high case fatality rate and hypertension remains the number one risk factor. There is a clear and urgent need for public health authorities to reinforce measures for the control of modifiable stroke risk factors.

关键词： Stroke Epidemiology Risk Factors Case Fatality douala Cameroon

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Twisting of the Spermatic Cord in an Elderly Subject at the Yaounde Central hospital: About a Case

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Open Journal of Urology 2022年第7期12卷 394-400页

作者： Jean Cedrick Fouda Junior Bartthelemy Mekeme Mekeme Philip Fernandez Owon’Abessolo Marcella Derboise Christelle Biyouma Ranibel Allo Axel Stephane Nwaha Makon Frantz Guy Ngalle Epoupa Landry Oriole Mbouche Cedric Mayopa Dongmo Achille Aurèle Mbassi Medjo Hell Pierre Joseph Fouda Arthur Essomba Yaounde Central hospital Yaounde Cameroon University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon University of douala Douala Cameroon Private hospital Cameroon

Introduction: Twisting of the spermatic cord is part of urological emergencies. It can occur at any age with a predilection for children and adolescents. There is no literature on spermatic cord torsion in octogenarians, probably due to its rarity. The majority of recent studies show spermatic cord torsion in patients under 55 years of age. This is why we present a case of spermatic cord torsion in an 80 years old subject. Case Presentation: We present a case of torsion of the spermatic cord in an 80-year-old subject. The diagnosis was made on anamnestic and clinical grounds. The patient presented with scrotal pain, unilateral, of sudden onset, violent intensity without urinary signs with an ascended testicle. The urine dipstick was unremarkable. Management was done surgically and as an emergency. The postoperative course was satisfactory. Conclusion: Spermatic cord torsion in octogenarians is exceptional and should be suspected in the first instance in the presence of any sudden onset, severe testicular pain without urinary signs with an ascended testicle and a negative urine dipstick.

关键词： Twisting of the Spermatic Cord 80-Year-Old Subject Diagnostic Emergency

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Monitoring Frequency of Haemoglobin, Calcium and Phosphorus and the Impact on Correction in Patients on Maintenance Haemodialysis in douala-Cameroon

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2022年第3期12卷 311-322页

作者： Halle Marie Patrice Kenfack Tatienou Orest Landry Tatang Mambap Alex Same Bebey Francine Fouda Hermine Ashuntantang Enow Gloria Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Internal Medicine Douala General Hospital Douala Cameroon Faculty of Health Sciences University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon Bamenda Regional hospital Bamenda Cameroon douala Laquintinie hospital Douala Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Department of Internal Medicine Yaounde General Hospital Yaounde Cameroon

Background: There is scarcity of data on the actual frequency of routine blood work-up for patients on maintenance haemodialysis and how this affects the achievement of therapeutic goals in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to review these in a referral hospital in Cameroon. Methods: A prospective hospital-based cohort study carried out from November 2019 to April 2020 including patients on maintenance haemodialysis in douala general hospital. Patients were followed during 6 months to determine the frequency of monitoring of haemoglobin, serum calcium and phosphorus. Targeted values for haemoglobin were ≥10 g/dL, 80 - 100 mg/L for serum calcium and 25 - 45 mg/L for serum phosphorus. Pearson correlation test was used to define the correlation between monitoring frequencies and blood values at the end of the study. Results: For all 154 patients included in the study, the median frequency of monitoring for haemoglobin was once every 8 week (IQR: 6 - 12) and once every 12 weeks (IQR: 8 - 24) for serum calcium and phosphorus. The proportion of patients who achieved haemoglobin, serum calcium and phosphorus targets at the end of the study were 27.4%, 63% and 74% respectively. No correlation was found between the frequency of monitoring and the haemoglobin, serum phosphorus and calcium levels at the end of the study. Conclusion: The frequency of monitoring of serum haemoglobin, calcium and phosphorus by patients in this study was low with a high prevalence of patients not achieving target value.

关键词： Monitoring Haemoglobin Phosphorus Calcium Haemodialysis douala

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Non-Tumor Obstructive Hydrocephalus Treated with Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy in Cameroon

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Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery 2015年第4期5卷 137-143页

作者： Aurélien Ndoumbe Chantal Simeu Mathieu Motah Service of Surgery University Hospital Center of Yaoundé Yaoundé Cameroon Faculty of Medicine & Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Service of Anesthesiology & Intensive Care University Hospital Center of Yaoundé Yaoundé Cameroon Service of Surgery General Hospital of Douala Douala Cameroon

Objective: In Sub-Saharan Africa, shunt dependence is a real threat for patients. For this reason, any method allowing shunt independence such as endoscopic third ventriculostomy should be promoted. The goal of this study was to show the advantages of neuroendoscopy in treating non-tumor obstructive hydrocephalus in Cameroon. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the cases of non-tumor obstructive hydrocephalus treated with endoscopic third ventriculostomy in our hospital. Results: Twenty patients (15 males, 5 females) underwent endoscopic third ventriculostomy as first choice treatment for non-tumor obstructive hydrocephalus. Their ages ranged from six months to 41 years (mean 11.96 years, median 20.75 years). Fourteen patients (70%) were children (≤18 years old), 6 were adults, 7 were under age of two years and 3 were below one. Computed tomography scan was the radiological tool used in all cases. None did a magnetic resonance imaging scan. Etiology of hydrocephalus was aqueductal stenosis in 18 cases and stenosis of the foramina of Luschka & Magendie in two. Aqueductal stenosis was associated with myelomeningocele in one case and shunt failure in another one. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy was successful in alleviating clinical symptoms with shunt independence in 19 cases (95%), but failed in one case. ETV success was not related to patient age. Cerebrospinal fluid leak occurred in two patients as post-operative complication (10%). Overall, ETV diminished treatment cost by 600 USD. Conclusion: Even in areas with limited medical equipment like in Sub-Saharan Africa where shunt dependence is a real danger, ETV can be routinely used to successfully treat non-tumor obstructive hydrocephalus.

关键词： Non-Tumor Obstructive Hydrocephalus Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy Sub-Saharan Africa Cameroon

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Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Low Out-Outcome Country: Rapid Urease Test, Serological Test, versus Direct Microbiological Examination with Gram Stain

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第6期13卷 199-208页

作者： Winnie Tatiana Bekolo Nga Guy Roger Nsenga Djapa Kelly Ilinga Meme Mamende Antonin Wilson Ndjitoyap Ndam David Sepo Sepo Agnès Malongue Firmin Ankouane Andoulo Oudou Njoya Henry Luma Namme Elie Claude Ndjitoyap Ndam Carole Else Eboumbou Servais Albert Fiacre Eloumou Bagnaka Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Medecine Douala General Hospital Douala Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Department of Internal Medecine Douala Military Hospital Douala Cameroon

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative bacillus responsible for numerous gastroduodenal pathologies, and this infection is a public health problem. The prevalence of infection with this bacterium remains high in countries with limited resources. Diagnosis relies mainly on numerous invasive and noninvasive methods. The aim of this work was to evaluate the different indirect diagnostic methods using bacterial cultures. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional and analytical study from January to May 2022 in the gastroenterology departments of douala General hospital and douala Military hospital. All patients aged 18 years and older who were in the gastroenterology consultation and agreed to participate were included in our study. Sociodemographic, clinical, and paraclinical data were collected. Urease, liquid urea, and culture tests were performed from the specimens obtained by fibroscopy. Serological tests were performed on the blood sample. Results: 101 patients were included, 58 were female and 43 were male, for a sex ratio of 1.3. The mean age was 44.2 ± 16 years. The prevalence of infection was 90.5%, 44.1%, 40.6% and 21.8% for serology, direct microbiological examination, RUT (rapid urea test) and culture, respectively. Comparison of the different tests showed sensitivity and specificity of 67.1% and 64%, respectively, for RUT, 100% and 73.7%, respectively, for direct microbiological examination, and 100% and 14.8%, respectively, for serology. The positive and negative predictive values were 39.5% and 100% for serology, 39% and 85% for RUT, and 55.6% and 100% for direct microbiological examination, respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection depends on the type of test used. Direct examination is more reliable than RUT and serology.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Diagnostic Tests Sensitivity Specificity Positive and Negative Predictive Value

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Hypercoagulability in the Context of Pre-Eclampsia: Case-Control Study at the Laquintinie douala hospital (Cameroon)

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2020年第12期10卷 1708-1727页

作者： Henri Essome Marie Solange Ndom Idjem Théophile Nana Njamen Thomas Egbe Obinchemti Merlin Boten Grace Tocki Toutou Grégory Eddie Halle Guy Pascal Ngaba Pascal Foumane Laquintinie douala hospital Douala Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences of douala University of Douala Douala Cameroon Faculty of Health Sciences of Buea University of Buea Buea Cameroon Kribi District hospital Kribi Cameroon Faculty of Biomedical Sciences of Yaoundé University of Yaoundé 1 Yaoundé Cameroon

Introduction: Preeclampsia is one of the major causes of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in the world. The complexity of its etio-pathogenesis involves, among other things, hypercoagulability, which alone accounts for about 15% of his deaths. Our objective was to study the parameters of coagulation (prothrombin level, activated cephalin time) in pregnant women with preeclampsia and non-preeclampsia at Laquintinie Hospital in Douala. Methodology: We carried out an analytical cross-sectional case-control study from November 01st, 2018 to May 31st, 2019, in the gynecology and obstetrics department of Laquintinie Hospital in Douala. We included preeclampsia and non-preeclampsia pregnant women with a gestational age greater than or equal to 20 weeks amenorrhea. The variables of interest were age, pregnancy, parity, gestational age, marital status and body mass index, prothrombin level (PL) and activated cephalin time (ACT). Hypercoagulability was defined by the presence of at least one of the following abnormalities: PL > 100%, ACT 25

关键词： Preeclampsia Hypercoagulability Prothrombin Cephalin Lacintinia

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Excessive Weight Gain during Pregnancy and Prognosis of Childbirth in douala (Cameroun)

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2019年第2期9卷 242-250页

作者： Henri Essome Valere Mve Koh Michel Ekono Merlin Boten Jean Paul Engbang Matio Bewekedi Pascal Foumane douala Laquintinie hospital Douala Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon University hospital Center of Yaoundé Yaoundé Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé 1 Yaoundé Cameroon Gyneco-Obstetrics and Pediatric hospital of Yaoundé Yaoundé Cameroon

The objective was to describe the maternofetal outcome of childbirth in women with excessive weight gain during pregnancy. We conducted a cross-sectional analytical study over a period of 03 months in the Obstetrics Department of Laquintinie hospital in douala (HLD). Our study population consisted of any pregnant in labor or waiting for a caesarean section. We compared two groups of pregnant women with excessive weight gain during pregnancy (exposed) and those without excessive weight gain during pregnancy (unexposed). We recorded 240 pregnant women who gave birth at the HLD maternity, 59 of whom had excessive weight gain during pregnancy, which gave us a proportion of 24.6%. The only sociodemographic characteristic associated with excessive weight gain during pregnancy was the married marital status of the pregnant women (OR: 2.0 (1.1 - 3.8) P = 0.023). Pregnant women with maternal complications associated with excessive weight gain had an average elevated uterine height of 35.4 (P = 0.007). The increase in caesarean section rate (P = 0.094) and the onset of pregnancy-related hypertension (HTA) showed differences close to significance (P = 0.063). Mean birth weight was higher (P = 0.023) in pregnant women with excessive weight gain during pregnancy. Ultimately, excessive weight gain during pregnancy has deleterious effects on the course of pregnancy and childbirth. It promotes the onset of pregnancy HTA and macrosomia.

关键词： Excessive Weight Gain Pregnancy Maternofoetal Outcome

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Spectrum of Neurological Disorders amongst Patients on Maintenance Haemodialysis in douala, Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Study

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2022年第1期12卷 112-123页

作者： Halle Marie Patrice Tchouamou Tchouamou Eric Gildas Fouda Hermine Gams Massi Daniel Ngamby Vincent Ebenezer Tewafeu Denis Kaze Folefack Francois Mapoure Njankouo Yacouba Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Internal Medicine Douala General Hospital Douala Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Department of Internal Medicine Douala Laquintinie Hospital Douala Cameroon Department of Internal Medicine Regional Hospital of Buea Buea Cameroon Yaounde Teaching hospital Yaounde Cameroon

Context: Neurologic disorders are common in patients on maintenance haemodialysis (MHD). Data in Sub-Saharan Africa are scarce. Aim: To determine the prevalence and associated factors of neurological disorders amongst patients on MHD in Cameroon. Settings and Design: This was a four-month cross-sectional study carried out at the douala General hospital (DGH) a tertiary referral hospital in Cameroon. Methods: The diagnosis of neuropathy was made using the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI), neuropathic pain with the DN4 score, Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) with the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group questionnaire (IRLSSG) and cognitive disorders with the Mini-Mental State Examination test (MMS). Student T and Chi-square tests were used to compare qualitative and quantitative variables. The level of significance was set at p Results: A total of 157 patients were included with 65% being males. The mean age was 48.8 ± 13.7 years. The main comorbidities were hypertension (90.4%), diabetes (19.1%), hepatitis C (10.5%) and HIV infection (10.8%). The median dialysis vintage was 36 (1 - 178) months. The overall prevalence of neurological disorders was 85.4%. The leading type was sensory polyneuropathy (57.3%), cognitive dysfunction (52.9%), neuropathic pain (23%), and restless legs syndrome (17.8%). Male gender was statistically associated with neuropathic pain, while age ≥ 40 years and diabetes were associated with sensory neuropathy and RLS. Conclusions: The burden of neurological disorders is high among patients on MHD as up to 4/5 of them had neurological involvement dominated by sensory polyneuropathy and cognitive dysfunction.

关键词： Neurological Disorder Haemodialysis Prevalence Cameroon

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