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Hormonal Treatment of Male Idiopathic/Isolated Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism

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Journal of Reproduction and Contraception 2010年第3期21卷 179-189页

作者： Ying MA Xue-hong ZHANG Research centre for Reproduction the First Hospital of Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China

Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism（IHH） is an uncommon cause of male *** the incidence of IHH is about 0.025%,it has a negative effect on physical and mental health and the quality of life of *** treatment is the most effective therapy for *** we reviewed recent progress on hormonal treatment of *** introduce the different features of t testosterone supplement therapy,hCG and hMG combination therapy,hCG and FSH combination therapy,GnRH-replacement therapy,hCG therapy,anti-oestrin therapy and aromatase inhibitor therapy in promoting the development of secondary sex,maintaining sexual function and *** hope these experiences are beneficial for physicians to choose the most effective therapy to treat IHH patients with different conditions.

关键词： hormones hypogonadism infertility spermatogenesis therapeutics

In-situ measurement of atmospheric CFC-11 at the Shangdianzi Global Atmosphere Watch(GAW) regional Station

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Science China Earth Sciences 2011年第2期54卷 298-304页

作者： ZHANG Fang ZHOU LingXi YAO Bo ZHANG XiaoChun XU Lin ZHANG XiaoLing ZHOU HuaiGang DONG Fan ZHOU LiYan Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry Centre for Atmosphere Watch and Services (CA WAS) Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS) China Meteorological Administration ( CMA ) Beijing 100081 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Institute of Urban Meteorology (IUM) China Meteorological Administration (CMA) Beijing 100089 China Miyun County meteorological Bureau Beijing 101500 China

An in-situ GC-ECD system was used to measure halocarbons at Shangdianzi （SDZ） GAW regional station. In this paper, we reported observational results of atmospheric CFC- 11 （CCI3F） mixing ratios from April 2007 to March 2008. The CFC- 11 time series showed large variability. Approximately 62% observed values were filtered as non-background data. The median, 10% and 90% percentiles of CFC-11 background mixing ratios were 245.4 ppt （10-12 mol/mol）, 244.6 ppt and 246.1 ppt, respectively; whereas those of non-background CFC- 11 mixing ratios were 254.7, 246.6 and 272.1 ppt, respectively. Significant differences in background and non-background CFC-11 mixing ratios were observed between summer and autumn, mainly because of the CFC-11 stored in loam being prone to atmospheric release in hot seasons. Comparison of tile SDZ data with the five AGAGE stations suggested agreement with mid-high latitude Northern Hemisphere stations MHD, THD and RPB. The SDZ data were higher than that of Southern Hemisphere stations CGO and SMO. Higher CFC-11 mixing ratios measured in different seasons were always associated with winds from the W-WSW-SW sector, indicating that the airflow coming from this wind sector has a positive contribution to CFC- 11 concentrations. The CFC-11 mixing ratios were higher in autumn and summer than in spring and winter, in which its mixing ratios were very close to the atmospheric background level. This was happened especially when airflow originated from the NNE-NE-ENE-E sector, indicating the air masses coming from these wind directions was relatively clean.

关键词： SDZ background CFC-11 seasonal variation winds

The Projection of Temperature and Precipitation over China under RCP Scenarios using a CMIP5 Multi-Model Ensemble

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2012年第6期5卷 527-533页

作者： XU Chong-Hai XU Ying meteorological Observation centre China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China National Climate Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China Laboratory for Climate Studies China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China

Climate changes in 21st century China are described based on the projections of 11 climate models under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios. The results show that warming is expected in all regions of China under the RCP scenarios, with the northern regions showing greater warming than the southern regions. The warming tendency from 2011 to 2100 is 0.06°C/10 a for RCP2.6, 0.24°C/10 a for RCP4.5, and 0.63°C/10 a for RCP8.5. The projected time series of annual temperature have similar variation tendencies as the new greenhouse gas (GHG) emission scenario pathways, and the warming under the lower emission scenarios is less than under the higher emission scenarios. The regional averaged precipitation will increase, and the increasing precipitation in the northern regions is significant and greater than in the southern regions in China. It is noted that precipitation will tend to decrease in the southern parts of China during the period of 2011-2040, especially under RCP8.5. Compared with the changes over the globe and some previous projections, the increased warming and precipitation over China is more remarkable under the higher emission scenarios. The uncertainties in the projection are unavoidable, and further analyses are necessary to develop a better understanding of the future changes over the region.

关键词： projection RCP scenarios China

Climate Change over China in the 21st Century as Simulated by BCC_CSM1.1-RegCM4.0

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2013年第5期6卷 381-386页

作者： GAO Xue-Jie WANG Mei-Li Filippo GIORGI The Laboratory of Climate Study National Climate Center China Meteorological Administration Chinese Academy of meteorological Science Abdus Salam International centre for Theoretical Physics

Driven by the global model,Beijing Climate Center Climate System Model version 1.1(BCC_CSM1.1),climate change over China in the 21st century is simulated by a regional climate model(RegCM4.0)under the new emission scenarios of the Representative Concentration Pathways—RCP4.5 and *** is based on a period of transient simulations from 1950 to2099,with a grid spacing of 50 *** present paper focuses on the annual mean temperature and precipitation in China over this period,with emphasis on their future *** of model performance reveals marked improvement of the RegCM4.0 model in reproducing present day temperature and precipitation relative to the driving BCC_CSM1.1 *** warming is simulated by both BCC_CSM1.1 and RegCM4.0,however,spatial distribution and magnitude differ between the *** high emission scenario RCP8.5 results in greater warming compared to *** two models project different precipitation changes,characterized by a general increase in the BCC_CSM1.1,and broader areas with decrease in the RegCM4.0 simulations.

关键词： climate change regional climate model RCP scenarios China

Temporal Variability of Tropospheric NO_(2) over Cities in the United States,Western Europe and China from 2005 to 2022

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Chinese Geographical Science 2024年第6期34卷 983-992页

作者： ZHANG Qianqian National Satellite meteorological Center National Centre for Space WeatherBeijing 100081China Innovation Center for Fengyun meteorological Satellite(FYSIC) Beijing 100081China Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites Key Laboratory of Space WeatherChna Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China

Anthropogenic Nitrogen oxides(NO_(x)=NO_(2)+NO)emissions are highly concentrated in urban area,and the weekly cycles,seasonal patterns and long-term trends of tropospheric NO_(2) columns over cities differ from region to region due to different emission sectoral compositions and human *** this study,we used satellite observed tropospheric NO_(2) column data to compare the longand short-term NO_(2) column density time series over cities in the United Sates(the U.S.),western Europe and *** results showed that in all the targeted cities,the outbreak of the Corona Virus Disease in 2019(COVID-19)moved the December peak of the city-level NO_(2)columns forward to November and October or even earlier in 2020 and *** weekly level,cities in the *** the lowest NO_(2) columns ratio on weekend/work day,then come the western European cities,and a weak weekly pattern is seen in Chinese *** all the cites,we find a higher weekend/work day NO_(2) ratio in cold seasons than in warm seasons,indicating a higher contribution from NOx emission sectors of residential,industry and power plants in the warm *** the long-term,NO_(2) columns over the *** western European cities declined by a fraction twice that of the regional mean level from 2004 to *** China,NO_(2) columns started to decrease since 2012,at a similar rate between the city and regional *** work confirms the importance to quantify and control NOx emissions from cities.

关键词： NO_(2) columns urban region weekly cycle seasonal pattern long-term trend United States western Europe China

Crystal structures of the complexes of rare earth picrates with N, N, N', N'-tetraphenyl-3, 6-dioxaoctanediamide

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Science China Chemistry 1997年第3期40卷 323-329页

作者：刘伟生柳士霞谭民裕郁开北谭干祖 Department of Chemistry Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Chengdu centre of Analysis and Measurement Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China

The complexes of rare earth picrate with N,N,N’,N’-tetraphenyl-3,6-dioxaoctanediamide(TDD),Eu(picc(TDD)] 2CH3CN and [ Y(pic)3(TDD)],have been *** crystal structures reveal that TDD at is as n tetradentate ligand,forming a ring-like coordination structure with its oxygen atoms together with one oxygen atom of the bidentate pterate In the Eu(Ⅲ) complex,the europium ion with a larger ionic radius lies out of the ring,while in the Y(Ⅲ) complex,the yttrium ion with a smaller ionic radius enters the cavity of the *** structures of the complexes are greatly affected by the ionic radii due to participation of the picrates in coordination.

关键词： rare earth picrate open-chain crown ether ring-like coordination structure

Numerical Experiments on the Spin-up Time for Seasonal-Scale regional Climate Modeling

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 2007年第4期21卷 409-419页

作者：钟中胡轶佳闵锦忠徐洪蕾 Institute of Meteorology the PLA University of Science and Technology Jiangsu Key Laboratory of meteorological Disaster Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Hydrometric and meteorological centre of North China Sea Fleet

In this paper, the numerical experiments on the issue of spin-up time for seasonal-scale regional climate modeling were conducted with the newly regional Climate Model （RegCM3）, in the case of the abnormal climate event during the summer of 1998 in China. To test the effect of spin-up time on the regional climate simulation results for such abnormal climate event, a total of 11 experiments were performed with different spin-up time from 10 days to 6 months, respectively. The simulation results show that, for the meteorological variables in the atmosphere, the model would be running in “climate mode” after 4-8-day spin-up time, then, it is independent of the spin-up time basically, and the simulation errors are mainly caused by the model＇ s failure in describing the atmospheric processes over the model domain. This verifies again that the regional climate modeling is indeed a lateral boundary condition problem as demonstrated by earlier research work. The simulated mean precipitation rate over each subregion is not sensitive to the spin-up time, but the precipitation scenario is somewhat different for the experiment with different spin-up time, which shows that there exists the uncertainty in the simulation to precipitation scenario, and such a uncertainty exhibits more over the areas where heavy rainfall happened. Generally, for monthly-scale precipitation simulation, a soin-uo time of 1 month is enough, whereas a spin-up time of 2 months is better for seasonal-scale one. Furthermore, the relationship between the precipitation simulation error and the advancement/withdrawal of East Asian summer monsoon was analyzed. It is found that the variability of correlation coefficient for precipitation is more significant over the areas where the summer monsoon is predominant. Therefore, the model＇s capability in reproducing precipitation features is related to the heavy rainfall processes associated with the advancement/withdrawal of East Asian summer monsoon, which sugg

关键词： regional climate model seasonal-scale spin-up numerical experiment

Recent advances in operational tropical cyclone genesis forecast

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Tropical Cyclone Research and Review 2023年第4期12卷 323-340页

作者： K.K.Hon Robert Ballard Eric Blake Steph Bond Robb Gile Daniel Halperin Charles Helms Hoang Lam Xinyan Lyu Mrutyunjay Mohapatra Monica Sharma Akira Shimokobe Ralf Toumi Seonghee Won Hong Kong Observatory Hong KongChina regional Specialized meteorological Center Honolulu HonoluluUSA National Hurricane Center Miami FLUSA Bureau of Meteorology MelbourneAustralia Philippine Atmospheric Geophysicaland Astronomical Services AdministrationDepartment of Science and TechnologyQuezon CityPhilippines Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University USA National Aeronautics and Space Administration MarylandUSA Vietnam meteorological and Hydrological Administration HanoiViet Nam China meteorological Administration BeijingChina regional Specialized meteorological Center New Delhi New DelhiIndia regional Specialized meteorological Center Tokyo-Typhoon centre TokyoJapan Department of Physics Imperial College LondonUK Korea meteorological Administration SeoulRepublic of Korea

Tropical cyclone(TC)genesis prediction is a major scientific challenge to the TC operation and research *** report surveys the current status of TC genesis forecasts by a number of major operational centers covering the key ocean basins across both *** IWTC-9,we see an emergence of probabilistic TC genesis forecast products by operational centers,typically supported by the statistical processing of a combination of ensemble prediction and satellite analysis,covering time periods of couple of days to weeks *** prevalence of multi-center grand ensemble approach highlights the uncertainties involved and the forecast challenges in quantitative genesis *** operational practice might differ across agencies,verification efforts generally report a steady or slightly improving skill level in terms of reliability,which likely results from the continual improvement in global numerical weather prediction capability.

关键词： Cyclogenesis Tropical cyclone genesis Ensemble Prediction Operational Forecasting Probabilistic Verification Survey Global

Ecological security pattern construction using landscape ecological quality:A case study of Yanchi County,northern China

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Journal of Arid Land 2025年第1期17卷 19-42页

作者： LI Junhao WANG Ya SHI Gui PEI Xiaodong ZHANG Cong ZHOU Lihua YANG Guojing Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Institutes of Science and Development Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

Ecological security patterns are paramount to the advancement of an ecological civilization in China,aiming to enhance the stability and service functions of ecosystems to achieve sustainable regional ***,current regional ecological protection efforts have not been effectively integrated into the regional development planning of ecological security *** study systematically assessed the effectiveness of ecological protection projects in Yanchi County,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China,through the evaluation of landscape ecological *** on the evaluation results of landscape ecological quality,this study used morphological pattern analysis(MSPA),minimum cumulative resistance(MCR)model,and gravity model together to construct the ecological security pattern of Yanchi *** findings revealed that from 1990 to 2020,with the implementation of ecological protection projects started from 2000,the landscape stability of Yanchi County first decreased and then increased,and the intensity of landscape disturbance first intensified but then decreased,indicating an improvement in the landscape ecological quality and a significant enhancement of the ecological environment in Yanchi *** ecological security pattern of Yanchi County consisted of 10 ecological sources,10 ecological source points,23 ecological corridors,and 27 ecological *** ecological security pattern of Yanchi County exhibited distinct spatial variations,with stronger ecological security observed in the southern part than in northern part of the *** ecological sources were denser in the southern part than in the northern part of the county,and accordingly,the length of ecological corridors was shorter and denser in the southern than that in the northern part of the *** on the spatial distribution of landscape ecological quality and the characteristics of ecological security pattern of Yanchi County in 2020,we suggested Yanchi County to build four zon

关键词： landscape ecological quality landscape stability landscape disturbance ecological network ecological source ecological corridor farming-pastoral area