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Digital world meets urban planet–new prospects for evidencebased urban studies arising from joint exploitation of big earth data,information technology and shared knowledge

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International Journal of Digital earth 2020年第1期13卷 136-157页

作者： Thomas Esch Hubert Asamer Felix Bachofer Jakub Balhar Martin Boettcher Enguerran Boissier Pablo d’Angelo Caroline MGevaert Andreas Hirner Katerina Jupova Franz Kurz Andy Yaw Kwarteng Emmanuel Mathot Mattia Marconcini Alessandro Marin Annekatrin Metz-Marconcini Fabrizio Pacini Marc Paganini Hans Permana Tomas Soukup Soner Uereyen Christopher Small Vaclav Svaton Julian Nils Zeidler German Aerospace Center(DLR) German Remote Sensing Data Center(DFD)WeßlingGermany GISAT s.r.o. PragueCzech Republic Brockmann Consult GmbH GeesthachtGermany Terradue Srl RomeItaly International Institute for Geo-Information Science and earth Observation(ICT) Universiteit TwenteEnschedeNetherlands Remote Sensing and GIS Center Sultan Qaboos UniversityMuscatOman European Space Agency(ESA) FrascatiItaly Department of earth and Environmental Sciences Columbia UniversityLamont Doherty Earth ObservatoryNew YorkNYUSA VSB Technical university of Ostrava IT4InnovationsOstravaCzech Republic

The digital transformation taking place in all areas of life has led to a massive increase in digital data–in particular,related to the places where and the ways how we *** facilitate an exploration of the new opportunities arising from this development the Urban Thematic Exploitation Platform(U-TEP)has been *** enabling instrument represents a virtual environment that combines open access to multisource data repositories with dedicated data processing,analysis and visualisation ***,it includes mechanisms for the development and sharing of technology and *** an introduction of the underlying methodical concept,this paper introduces four selected use cases that were carried out on the basis of U-TEP:two technology-driven applications implemented by users from the remote sensing and software engineering community(generation of cloud-free mosaics,processing of drone data)and two examples related to concrete use scenarios defined by planners and decision makers(data analytics related to global urbanization,monitoring of regional land-use dynamics).The experiences from U-TEP’s pre-operations phase show that the system can effectively support the derivation of new data,facts and empirical evidence that helps scientists and decision-makers to implement improved strategies for sustainable urban development.

关键词： Service platform urban human settlements earth observation decision support

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Towards reliable Arctic sea ice prediction using multivariate data assimilation

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Science Bulletin 2019年第1期64卷 63-72页

作者： Jiping Liu Zhiqiang Chen Yongyun Hu Yuanyuan Zhang Yifan Ding Xiao Cheng Qinghua Yang Lars Nerger Gunnar Spreen Radley Horton Jun Inoue Chaoyuan Yang Ming Li Mirong Song Department of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences University at Albany State University of New York College of Ocean and Meteorology Guangdong Ocean University Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences School of Physics Peking University College of Global Change and earth System Science Beijing Normal University Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies and School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz Zentrum für Polar-und Meeresforschung university of Bremen Institute of Environmental Physics lamont-doherty earth observatory Columbia University Earth Institute National Institute of Polar Research Polar Research and Forecasting Division National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

Rapid declines in Arctic sea ice have captured attention and pose significant challenges to a variety of stakeholders. There is a rising demand for Arctic sea ice prediction at daily to seasonal time scales, which is partly a sea ice initial condition problem. Thus, a multivariate data assimilation that integrates sea ice observations to generate realistic and skillful model initialization is needed to improve predictive skill of Arctic sea ice. Sea ice data assimilation is a relatively new research area. In this review paper, we focus on two challenges for implementing multivariate data assimilation systems for sea ice forecast. First, to address the challenge of limited spatiotemporal coverage and large uncertainties of observations, we discuss sea ice parameters derived from satellite remote sensing that(1) have been utilized for improved model initialization, including concentration, thickness and drift, and(2) are currently under development with the potential for enhancing the predictability of Arctic sea ice, including melt ponds and sea ice leads. Second, to strive to generate the ‘‘best" estimate of sea ice initial conditions by combining model simulations/forecasts and observations, we review capabilities and limitations of different data assimilation techniques that have been developed and used to assimilate observed sea ice parameters in dynamical models.

关键词： Arctic sea ice prediction Remote sensing Data assimilation

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低熔融度地幔熔浆

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地质科学译丛 1996年第2期13卷 35-36页

作者： Rosamond J.Kinzler 陈忠 lamont-doherty earth observatory of Columbin university Palisades New York 10964. USA

介绍了低熔融度地幔熔浆的研究现状和意义,特别讨论了Baker等最新的实验结果。并与实测数据进行了比较分析,认为Baker等的实验是研究低熔融度熔浆的一个实质性进展,但许多方面尚有待探索。

关键词：低熔融度地幔熔浆地幔

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A Possible Mechanism to Thin Lithosphere of the North China Craton: Insights from Cretaceous Mafic Dikes in the Jiaodong Pensinsula

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2016年第S1期90卷 106-108页

作者： MA Liang JIANG Shaoyong Albrecht W.Hofmann XU Yigang State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources and Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploration of Strategic Mineral Resources Faculty of Earth Resource China University of GeosciencesWuhan Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie lamont-doherty earth observatory of columbia university

The North China Craton(NCC)is a classic case of the destruction of an ancient craton,in that it records the loss of more than 100 km of ancient refractory lithospheric mantle during the Mesozoic(e.g.,Menzies et al.,19... 详细信息

关键词： Insights from Cretaceous Mafic Dikes in the Jiaodong Pensinsula NCC

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Modeling sustainability:population,inequality,consumption,and bidirectional coupling of the earth and Human Systems

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National Science Review 2016年第4期3卷 470-494页

作者： Safa Motesharrei Jorge Rivas Eugenia Kalnay Ghassem R.Asrar Antonio J.Busalacchi Robert F.Cahalan Mark A.Cane Rita R.Colwell Kuishuang Feng Rachel S.Franklin Klaus Hubacek Fernando Miralles-Wilhelm Takemasa Miyoshi Matthias Ruth Roald Sagdeev Adel Shirmohammadi Jagadish Shukla Jelena Srebric Victor M.Yakovenko Ning Zeng university of Maryland College Park Institute for Global Environment and Society 3. Joint Global Change Research Institute College Park 4. University Corporation for Atmospheric Research 5. Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory NASA Goddard Space Flight Center lamont–doherty earth observatory of columbia university 8. Spatial Structures in the Social Sciences/Population Studies and Training Center Brown University RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science School of Public Policy and Urban Affairs and Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringNortheastern University 11. Department of AtmosphericOceanicand Earth SciencesGeorge Mason University

Over the last two centuries,the impact of the Human System has grown dramatically,becoming strongly dominant within the earth System in many diferent ***,inequality,and population have increased extremely fast,especially since about 1950,threatening to overwhelm the many critical functions and ecosystems of the earth *** in the earth System,in turn,have important feedback efects on the Human System,with costly and potentially serious ***,current models do not incorporate these critical *** argue that in order to understand the dynamics of either system,earth System Models must be coupled with Human System Models through bidirectional couplings representing the positive,negative,and delayed feedbacks that exist in the real *** particular,key Human System variables,such as demographics,inequality,economic growth,and migration,are not coupled with the earth System but are instead driven by exogenous estimates,such as United Nations population *** makes current models likely to miss important feedbacks in the real earth–Human system,especially those that may result in unexpected or counterintuitive outcomes,and thus requiring diferent policy interventions from current *** importance and imminence of sustainability challenges,the dominant role of the Human System in the earth System,and the essential roles the earth System plays for the Human System,all call for collaboration of natural scientists,social scientists,and engineers in multidisciplinary research and modeling to develop coupled earth–Human system models for devising efective science-based policies and measures to beneit current and future generations.

关键词： earth and Human System Models population migration inequality data assimilation bidirectional couplings and feedbacks sustainability

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西南印度洋岩浆补给特征研究：来自洋壳厚度的证据

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地球物理学报 2018年第7期61卷 2859-2870页

作者：刘持恒李江海张华添刘仲兰范庆凯造山带与地壳演化教育部重点实验室北京大学地球与空间科学学院北京100871 北京大学石油与天然气研究中心北京大学地球与空间科学学院北京100871 lamont doherty earth observatory Columbia University Palisades 10964 NY USA

西南印度洋中脊为典型的超慢速扩张洋中脊,其岩浆补给具有不均匀分布的特征.洋壳厚度是洋中脊和热点岩浆补给的综合反映,因此反演洋壳厚度是研究大尺度洋中脊和洋盆岩浆补给过程的一种有效方法.本文通过对全球公开的自由空气重力异常、... 详细信息

西南印度洋中脊为典型的超慢速扩张洋中脊,其岩浆补给具有不均匀分布的特征.洋壳厚度是洋中脊和热点岩浆补给的综合反映,因此反演洋壳厚度是研究大尺度洋中脊和洋盆岩浆补给过程的一种有效方法.本文通过对全球公开的自由空气重力异常、水深、沉积物厚度和洋壳年龄数据处理得到剩余地幔布格重力异常,并反演西南印度洋地区洋壳厚度,定量地分析了西南印度洋的洋壳厚度分布及其岩浆补给特征.研究发现,西南印度洋洋壳平均厚度7.5km,但变化较大,标准差可达3.5km,洋壳厚度的频率分布具有双峰式的混合偏态分布特征.通过分离双峰统计的结果,将西南印度洋洋壳厚度分为0~4.8km的薄洋壳、4.8~9.8km的正常洋壳和9.8~24km的厚洋壳三种类型,洋中脊地区按洋壳厚度变化特征可划分为7个洋脊段.西南印度洋地区薄洋壳受转换断层控制明显,转换断层位移量越大,引起的洋壳减薄厚度越大,减薄范围与转换断层位移量不存在明显相关性.厚洋壳主要受控于该区众多的热点活动,其中布维热点、马里昂热点和克洛泽热点的影响范围分别约340km,550km和*** Bain转换断层北部外角形成厚的洋壳,具有与快速扩张洋中脊相似的转换断层厚洋壳特征.

关键词：西南印度洋中脊剩余地幔布格重力异常地壳厚度热点洋底高原

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TROPICAL CYCLONES AND CLIMATE CHANGE

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Tropical Cyclone Research and Review 2019年第4期8卷 240-250页

作者： K.J.E.Walsh S.J.Camargo T.R.Knutson J.Kossin T.-C.Lee H.Murakami C.Patricola School of earth Sciences University of MelbourneAustralia lamont-doherty earth observatory Columbia UniversityUSA NOAA/GFDL PrincetonUSA NOAA/National National Centers for Environmental Information USA Hong Kong observatory Hong KongChina NOAA/GFDL Princeton UniversityUSA Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory USA

Since the Eighth International Workshop on Tropical Cyclones(IWTC-8), held in December 2014, progress has been made in our understanding of the relationship between tropical cyclone(TC) characteristics, climate and climate change. New analysis of observations has revealed trends in the latitude of maximum TC intensity and in TC translation speed. Climate models are demonstrating an increasing ability to simulate the observed TC climatology and its regional variations. The limited representation of air-sea interaction processes in most climate simulations of TCs remains an issue. Consensus projections of future TC behavior continue to indicate decreases in TC numbers, increases in their maximum intensities and increases in TC-related rainfall. Future sea level rise will exacerbate the impact of storm surge on coastal regions, assuming all other factors equal. Studies have also begun to estimate the effect on TCs of the climate change that has occurred to date. Recommendations are made regarding future research directions.

关键词： tropical cyclone climate change climate variability

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Recent Progress on Understanding and Modelling Ocean Wave Breaking

Recent Progress on Understanding and Modelling Ocean Wave Br...

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The Fifth International Conference on Fluid Mechanics

作者： M.L.Banner W.L.Peirson R.P.Morison Climate and Environmental Dynamics Laboratory School of MathematicsThe University of New South Wales lamont doherty earth observatory Columbia University School of Civil and Environmental Engineering The University of New South Wales

＜正＞This presentation highlights recent scientific progress towards a deeper understanding of wave *** this familiar sea surface process,a basic understanding of the mechanisms determining the onset and strength of breaking events has remained *** numerical studies of the role of nonlinear wave group dynamics in breaking onset of unidirectional wave groups found that breaking onset was a threshold process,where the threshold reflected the convergence rate of wave energy flowing to the tallest wave from the other waves in the *** was proposed that this convergence rate should also underpin the strength of breaking events. Novel laboratory measurements are described that seek to validate this new perspective on breaking onset and *** measurements confirmed the model predictions for breaking onset and validated the convergence rate parameter as a reliable measure of breaking strength. An application of these findings is briefly described in which a spectral dissipation rate source term based on this perspective is used in a wind wave forecasting *** dissipation rates can be used to quantify the spectral density of mean whitecap length per unit *** the dominant waves,our forecasts compare favourably with remotely-sensed whitecap properties.

关键词： breaking deep water waves breaking wave prediction breaking wave dissipation rate

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Late Neogene evolution of the East Asian monsoon revealed by terrestrial mollusk record in Western Chinese Loess Plateau:From winter to summer dominated sub-regime

Late Neogene evolution of the East Asian monsoon revealed by...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2008学术年会

作者： Denis-Didier Rousseau Laboratoire de Meteorologie Dynamique UMR INSU-CNRS 8539 & CERES-ERTIEcole Normale Superieure24 rue de Lhomond75231 Paris cedex 05France lamont-doherty earth observatory of columbia university PalisadesNew York 10964USA

More and more evidence indicates that the onset of the East Asian(EA) monsoon can be traced back to the Oligocene-Miocene boundary(at about 23 Ma).However,the process of its evolution is still less well-known until *** we investigate its late Neogene evolution by analyzing a terrestrial mollusk sequence,from the Chinese Loess Plateau(CLP),covering the period between 7.1 and 3.5 *** the modern ecological requirements of these organisms,we were able to define two groups of cold-aridiphilous(CA) and thermo-humidiphilous(TH) species,representing the EA winter and summer monsoon variations, respectively,as previously defined in the Quaternary glacial-interglacial *** in these two groups indicate two different monsoon dominated periods during 7.1-3.5 ***,between 7.1 and 5.5 Ma, the EA winter monsoon,with a 100-kyr periodicity,was ***,between 5.1 and 4 Ma,the EA summer monsoon dominated,with a 41-kyr ***,our mollusk record yields valuable evidence for a late Miocene-Pliocene transition of about 400 kyr from winter monsoon dominated towards summer monsoon dominated,associated with a periodicity transition from weak 100 kyr to 41 *** strengthened winter monsoon interval,with a 100-kyr periodicity,is coeval with orbital-scale global icevolume changes,in conjunction with the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau which probably reinforced the winter monsoon ***,closures of the Panama and Indonesian seaways,associated with changes in obliquity between 5.1 and 4 Ma,are probably major forcing factors for the observed dominant summer monsoon with 41-kyr frequency,favoring heat and moisture transports between low and high latitudes to allow TH mollusks to grow and develop in the CLP.

关键词： East Asian monsoon land snails loess late Miocene Pliocene ice sheets obliquity eccentricity tectonic changes

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中国京津唐张地区时间上连续的重力变化与地震的孕育和发生

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科学通报 1997年第18期42卷 1919-1930页

作者：顾功叙刘克人郑金涵卢红艳刘端法 JohnT.Kuo(郭宗汾) 国家地震局地球物理研究所 lamont-doherty earth observatory and Aldridge Laboratory of Applied Geophysics Columbia UniversityNew York 10027 U.S.A.

近15年来,京津唐张地区发生了十几个4～5级的地震,通过对北京白家疃台观测到的时间连续重力变化资料的分析,伴随地震孕育和发生有关的重力变化基本图象已经呈现出来.由于对重力变化的观测一般在地表进行,明显的主要的干扰来自近地表水,... 详细信息

近15年来,京津唐张地区发生了十几个4～5级的地震,通过对北京白家疃台观测到的时间连续重力变化资料的分析,伴随地震孕育和发生有关的重力变化基本图象已经呈现出来.由于对重力变化的观测一般在地表进行,明显的主要的干扰来自近地表水,深部地下流体分布在地壳所有深度上,而且也对孕震过程有响应.因此,地下流体对重力变化的影响是同等重要的.流体,包括近地表水和分布在地壳所有深度上的地下流体,对地震的孕育和发生的过程中局部重力变化所起的作用比我们以前认识的要重要得多.丰富的资料证明,似乎膨胀失稳(IPE)模式至少不适用于京津唐张地区地震的孕育与发生.为了更真实反映地震孕育和发生的物理过程,需要对原来提出的联合膨胀(CDM)模式进行修改.京津唐张地区的孕震区可以模拟成一个大的充满流体的多孔隙介质的受压体,它不仅包括未来破裂区外围的受压体也包括破裂区本身.包括未来破裂区外围的受压体受到变化相对比较小的现存区域应力场的作用,而未来破裂区涉及到非常高的局部应力集中,和/或超孔隙压的作用.用修改的联合膨胀模式(MCDM)和已知的该地区物理参数计算的重力变化形态与观测到的剩余重力变化很相象.很明显,剩余重力变化,除了对地震的孕育和发生产生响应外,主要是对近地表水和地下流体的响应,而?

关键词：京津唐张地区重力变化地震观测前兆事件

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