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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 143-155页

作者： Katharina SCHRAMM Michele SKOPEC Denise DEARING Department of Biology University of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA Department of Zoology Weber State UniversityOgdenUtahUSA

Herbivory is common in mammals,yet our understanding of detoxification processes used by mammals to biotrans-form plant secondary compounds(PSCs)is *** herbivores are thought to have evolved detoxifica-tion mechanisms that rely more heavily on energetically cheap Phase I biotransformation reactions to process high levels of PSCs in their *** explored this hypothesis by comparing the urinary metabolite patterns of two spe-cialist herbivores(genus Neotoma).Neotoma stephensi is an obligate specialist on one-seeded juniper(Juniperus monosperma).Neotoma lepida is a generalist forager across its range,yet populations in the Great Basin specialize on Utah juniper(***).While both juniper species have high levels of terpenes,the terpene profiles and quantities differ between the *** from both woodrat species were fed diets of each juniper in a cross-over ***,collected over a 24-h period,was extracted and analyzed in an untargeted metabolomics approach using both GC-MS and HPLC-MS/*** obligate specialist *** excreted a unique pattern of Phase I metabolites when fed its native juniper,while *** excreted a unique pattern of Phase II metabolites when fed its native *** woodrat species utilized the Phase II metabolic pathway of glucuronidation more heavily when consuming the more chemically diverse ***,and *** utilized less glucuronida-tion than *** when consuming *** results are consistent with the hypothesis that obligate specialists may have evolved unique and efficient biotransformation mechanisms for dealing with PSCs in their diet.

关键词： dietary specialization herbivory juniper metabolomics Neotoma

A review of rock macro-indentation:Theories,experiments,simulations,and applications

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第6期16卷 2351-2374页

作者： Weiqiang Xie Xiaoli Liu Xiaoping Zhang Xinmei Yang Xiaoxiong Zhou state Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Yunlong lake Laboratory of Deep Underground Science and Engineering Xuzhou221116China state Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science Wuhan UniversityWuhan430072China

Rock macro-indentation plays a fundamental role in mechanical rock breaking for various rock engineering application,such as drilling,tunneling,cutting,and *** the past decades,extensive research has been conducted to understand the indentation mechanisms and responses through various *** review aims to provide an overview of the current status and recent advancements in theories,experiments,numerical simulations,and applications of macro-indentation in rock *** starts with elaborating on the mechanisms of macro-indentation,followed by a discussion of the merits and limitations of commonly used *** factors and their effects on indentation test results are then *** numerical simulation methods for rock macro-indentation are highlighted,along with their advantages and ***,the applications of indentation tests and indentation indices in characterizing rock properties are *** reveals that compression-tension,compression-shear,and composite models are widely employed in rock *** the compression-tension model is straightforward to use,it may overlook the anisotropic properties of *** the other hand,the composite model provides a more comprehensive description of rock indentation but requires complex ***,factors,such as indentation rate,indenter geometry,rock type,specimen size,and confining pressure,can significantly influence the indentation *** methods for macro-indentation encompass continuous medium,discontinuous medium,and continuous-discontinuous medium methods,with selection based on their differences in ***,rock macro-indentation can be practically applied to mining engineering,tunneling engineering,and petroleum drilling *** indices serve as valuable tools for characterizing rock strength,brittleness,and *** review sheds light on the development of rock macro-inde

关键词： Rock macro-indentation Indentation test Indentation indices Mechanism Rock breaking

Degradation behaviors of Nabumetone and its metabolite during UV/monochloramine process:Experimental and theoretical study

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第8期142卷 103-114页

作者： Xiang Tu Yunsong Bai Qing Fu Sheng Chang Kunfeng Zhang Yang Pan Ruiyang Xiao Yifu Fu Qi Zhang state Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source ProtectionResearch Centre of Lake EnvironmentNational Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological RestorationChinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Suzhou University of Science and TechnologySuzhou 215009China Institute of Environmental Engineering School of Metallurgy and EnvironmentCentral South UniversityChangsha 410083China School of Forestry Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin 150040China

This study investigated degradation behaviors of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug Nabumetone(NMT)and its major metabolite 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid(MNA)in the coupling process of ultraviolet and monochloramine(UV/NH2Cl).The second-order rate constants of the contaminants reacting with reactive radicals(HO·,Cl·,Cl_(2)·-,and CO_(3)·^(-))were determined by laser flash photolysis ***·and Cl·contributed predominantly with 52.3%and 21.7%for NMT degradation and 60.8%and 22.3%for MNA *** presence of chlorides retarded the degradation of NMT,while promoted the destruction of MNA,which was ascribed to the photosensitization effects of MNA under UV *** functional theory(DFT)calculations revealed that radical adduct formation(RAF)was dominant pathway for both HO·and Cl·reacting with the contaminants,and hydrogen atom transfer(HAT)preferred to occur on side chains of NMT and *** reacted with NO_(2)·through single electron transfer(SET)with the second-order rate constant calculated to be 5.35×10^(7)(mol/L)^(-1)sec^(-1),and the contribution of NO_(2)·was predicted to be 13.0%of the total rate constant of NMT in pure water,which indicated that NO_(2)·played a nonnegligible role in the degradation of *** acute toxicity and developmental toxicity of NMT were enhanced after UV/NH_(2)Cl treatment,while those of MNA were *** transformation products of both NMT and MNA exhibited higher mutagenicity than their parent *** study provides a deep understanding of the mechanism of radical degradation of NMT and MNA in the treatment of UV/NH2Cl.

关键词： UV/NH_(2)Cl Reactive species Degradation kinetics Reaction mechanism Degradation products

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The cytosolic isoform of triosephosphate isomerase,ZmTPI4,is required for kernel development and starch synthesis in maize(Zea mays L.)

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The Crop Journal 2024年第2期12卷 401-410页

作者： Wenyu Li Han Wang Qiuyue Xu Long Zhang Yan Wang Yongbiao Yu Xiangkun Guo Zhiwei Zhang Yongbin Dong Yuling Li state Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain CropsCollege of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityLongzi Lake CampusZhengzhou 450046HenanChina

Triosephosphate isomerase(TPI)is an enzyme that functions in plant energy production,accumulation,and *** understand its function in maize,we characterized a maize TPI mutant,*** comparison to the wild type,zmtpi4 mutants showed altered ear development,reduced kernel weight and starch content,modified starch granule morphology,and altered amylose and amylopectin ***,ATP,and pyruvate contents were reduced,indicating ZmTPI4 was involved in *** subcellular localization confirmed ZmTPI4 as a cytosolic rather than a plastid isoform of TPI,the zmtpi4 mutant showed reduced leaf size and chlorophyll *** of ZmTPI4 in Arabidopsis led to enlarged leaves and increased seed weight,suggesting a positive regulatory role of ZmTPI4 in kernel weight and starch *** conclude that ZmTPI4 functions in maize kernel development,starch synthesis,glycolysis,and photosynthesis.

关键词： Maize Kernel Starch Weight Photosynthesis

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Antimicrobial roles of phagocytosis in teleost fish:Phagocytic B cells vs professional phagocytes

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2024年第2期9卷 105-114页

作者： Liting Wu Lan Li Along Gao Jianmin Ye Jun Li Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and EngineeringSchool of Life SciencesSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510631China Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding Zhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringGuangzhou510225China School of Science and Medicine Lake Superior State UniversitySault Ste.MarieMI49783USA

The defense system of teleost fish organized on innate and adaptive immunity protects them against a wide variety of pathogenic microorganisms in the aquatic *** is one of the most effective defense strategies against microbial challenge mainly performed by classical‘professional’phagocytes(including monocytes,macrophages and granulocytes).They contain,kill and process the internalized pathogens for antigen presentation by providing antigenic ligands to initiate activation and clonal expansion of T and B cells,which bridge the innate and adaptive *** discovery of phagocytic B cells in teleost fish has broken the paradigm that primary vertebrate B cells are lack of phagocytosis of particulates,as well as led to the investigation of phagocytic activity of mammalian B-1 B *** active phagocytic,microbicidal capabilities and antigen presentation in teleost phagocytic B cell have demonstrated to be similar as professional phagocytes,providing a potential impact on development of new vaccination strategies to prevent and control infectious *** this review,we aim to address current progress on the antimicrobial role of phagocytic B cells in teleost fish by comparing it with other professional phagocytes and mammalian B-1 B cells,and provide the application prospect of phagocytic B cells in developing vaccines as well as the prevention of fish diseases.

关键词： Teleost fish Phagocytic B cell Phagocytosis Antimicrobial role Vaccine design

AI for tribology:Present and future

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Friction 2024年第6期12卷 1060-1097页

作者： Nian YIN Pufan YANG Songkai LIU Shuaihang PAN Zhinan ZHANG state Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China School of Mechanical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Department of Mechanical Engineering University of UtahSalt Lake CityUT 84112USA

With remarkable learning capabilities and swift operational speeds,artificial intelligence(AI)can assist researchers in swiftly extracting valuable patterns,trends,and associations from subjective *** behaviors are characterized by dependence on systems,evolution with time,and multidisciplinary *** friction process involves a variety of phenomena,including mechanics,thermology,electricity,optics,magnetics,and so ***,tribological information possesses the distinct characteristics of being multidisciplinary,multilevel,and multiscale,so that the application of AI in tribology is highly *** delineate the scope,classification,and recent trends of AI implementation in tribology,this review embarks on exploration of the tribology research *** comprehensively outlines the utilization of AI in basic theory of tribology,intelligent tribology,component tribology,extreme tribology,bio-tribology,green tribology,and other ***,considering the emergence of"tribo-informatics"as a novel interdisciplinary field,which combines tribology with informatics,this review elucidates the future directions and research framework of"AI for tribology".In this paper,tribo-system information is divided into 5 categories:input information(I),system intrinsic information(S),output information(O),tribological state information(Ts),and derived state information(Ds).Then,a fusion method among 5 types of tribo-system information and different AI technologies(regression,classification,clustering,and dimension reduction)has been proposed,which enables tribo-informatics methods to solve common problems such as tribological behavior state monitoring,behavior prediction,and system *** purpose of this review is to offer a systematic comprehension of tribo-informatics and to inspire new research ideas of ***,it aspires to enhance the efficiency of problem-solving in tribology.

关键词： artificial intelligence(AI) tribology machine learning tribo-informatics AI for tribology

Numerical simulation on gas-solid flow during circulating fluidized roasting of bauxite by a computational particle fluid dynamics method

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Particuology 2024年第7期90卷 179-188页

作者： Chengming Xie Rongbin Li Qijin Wei Fengqin Liu Hongliang Zhao Yongmin Zhang Hong Yong Sohn state Key Laboratory of Green and Low-carbon Metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China BGRIMM Technology Group Beijing 100160China state Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China Department of Materials Science and Engineering The University of UtahSalt Lake CityUT 84112USA

A full-cycle numerical simulation of a circulating fluidized bed(CFB)by the use of the computational particle fluid dynamics(CPFD)method has been *** effects of the presence or absence of the secondary air,different secondary air positions,and different secondary air ratios on the gas–solid flow characteristics were *** results show that the presence of the secondary air makes a core-annular structure of the velocity distribution of particles in the fluidized bed,which enhances the uniformity of particles’distribution and the stability of *** position and the ratio of the secondary air have a significant impact on the particle distribution,particle flow rate,and gas flow rate in the fluidized *** the secondary air position and ratio are optimal,the particles,particle flow rate,and air flow rate in the CFB are evenly distributed,the gas–solid flow state is good,and the CFB can operate stably.

关键词： Circulating fluidized bed CPFD method Secondary air position Secondary air ratio Gas–solid flow characteristics

Guest editorial:Special Issue on Artificial Intelligence and Emerging Computational Approaches for Tribology

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Friction 2024年第6期12卷 1057-1059页

作者： Zhinan ZHANG Shuaihang PAN Bart RAEYMAEKERS state Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Department of Mechanical Engineering University of UtahSalt Lake CityUT 84112USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Virginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061USA

Tribo-behavior is a complex system-based time-dependent process,and it is difficult to accurately model a tribo-system and predict its ***,tribology research,in most cases,has relied on extensive *** by the artificial intelligence(AI)-for-science revolution,AI and other emerging computational approaches provide opportunities to explore the complex processes in tribo-systems and the physical mechanisms of tribo-behavior in an efficient way,significantly pushing the boundaries of tribology research.

关键词： behavior editorial artificial

Fine particle trace elements at a mountain site in southern China:Source identification,transport,and health risks

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第7期141卷 166-181页

作者： Jiaoping Xing Runping Ding Feifeng Chen Linyu Peng Wenhua Wang Xiaoyan Song Qing Ye Yuanqiu Liu Key Laboratory of state Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang lake Watershed School of ForestryJiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchang 330045China School of Resources and Materials Northeastern University at QinhuangdaoQinhuangdao 066004China College of Geosciences and Engineering North China University of Water Resources&Electric PowerZhengzhou 450046China

Trace elements in atmospheric particulate matter play a significant role in air quality,human health,and biogeochemical *** this study,the trace elements(Ca,Al,K,Fe,Na,Mg,Zn,Pb,Mn,Ti,Cu,Cr,Sr,Ni)in PM2.5samples collected at the summit of *** were analyzed to quantify their abundance,source,transport,and health *** the whole sampling period,the major trace elements was Ca,Al,and *** the trace metals with the lowest concentrations were Sr,Ni,Rb,and *** trace elements were influenced by air mass transport routes,exhibiting an increasing trend of crustal elements in the northwesterly airmass and anthropogenic elements(Zn,Mn,Cu,and Ni)in the easterly air *** dust,coal+biomass burning,vehicle emission,urban nitrate-rich+urban waste incineration emissions,and soil dust+industry emissions were common sources of PM2.5on *** air mass transport routes had various source contribution *** results indicate that trace elements at *** are influenced by regional anthropogenic emissions and monsoon-dominated trace element *** total resulting cancer risk value that these elements posed were below the acceptable risk value of 1×10^(-6),while the non-carcinogenic risk value(1.72)was higher than the safety level,suggesting that non-carcinogenic effects due to these trace elements inhalation were likely to *** emission and coal+biomass burning were the common dominant sources of non-cancer risks posed by trace elements at ***.

关键词： Trace elements Risk assessment Cluster analysis Source apportionment

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Achieving strength–ductility synergy in novel paramagnetic Fe-based medium-entropy alloys through deep cryogenic deformation

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Rare Metals 2024年第9期43卷 4493-4507页

作者： Hu-Wen Ma Yan-Chun Zhao Li Feng Tian-Zeng Liu Zhi-Qi Yu Bo Jin Wang-Chun Duan Peter K.Liaw Dong Ma state Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-Ferrous Metals Lanzhou University of Technology Wenzhou Pump and Valve Engineering Research Institute Lanzhou University of Technology Iron and Steel Research Institute Jiuquan Iron and Steel Corporation Lanzhou Resources and Environment Voc-Tech university Department of Materials Science and Engineering The University of Tennessee Neutron Science Center Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory

Cryogenic pre-deformation treatment has been widely used to effectively improve the comprehensive mechanical properties of steels and novel metals. However,the dislocation evolution and phase transformation induced by different degrees of deep cryogenic deformation are not yet fully elucidated. In this study, the effects of multiple cryogenic pre-treatments on the mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of a paramagnetic Fe63.3Mn14-Si9.1Cr9.8C3.8medium-entropy alloy（MEA） were investigated, leading to the discovery of a pretreated MEA that exhibits exceptional mechanical properties, including a fracture strength of 3.0 GPa, plastic strain of 26.1% and work-hardening index of 0.57. In addition, X-ray diffraction（XRD） and transmission electron microscopy（TEM）analyses revealed that multiple cryogenic pre-deformation treatments significantly increased the dislocation density of the MEA(from 9 × 1015to 4 × 1016m-2after three pretreatments), along with a transition in the dislocation type from predominantly edge dislocations to mixed dislocations（including screw-and edge-type dislocations）. Notably, this pretreated MEA retained its paramagnetic properties（μr< 1.0200） even after fracture. Thermodynamic calculations showed that cryogenic pretreatment can significantly reduce the stacking fault energy of the MEA by a factor of approximately four(i.e., from 9.7 to2.6 m J·m-2), thereby activating the synergistic effects of transformation-induced plasticity, twinning-induced plasticity and dislocation strengthening mechanisms. These synergistic effects lead to simultaneous strength and ductility enhancement of the MEA.

关键词： Deep cryogenic transformation Dislocation evolution Iron-based medium-entropy alloys Phase transformation Stacking fault energy