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Post-transcriptional gene silencing in plants： a double-edged sword

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2016年第3期59卷 271-276页

作者： Xinyan Zhang Ying Zhu Huihui Wu Hongwei Guo State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research College of Life Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China Department of Botany and Plant Pathology Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA

In plants, post-transcriptional gene silencing(PTGS) protects the genome from foreign genes and restricts the expression of certain endogenous genes for proper development. Here, we review the recent progress about how the unwanted PTGS is avoided in plants. As a decision-making step of PTGS, aberrant transcripts from most endogenous coding genes are strictly sorted to the bidirectional RNA decay pathways in cytoplasm but not to the short interference RNA(si RNA)-mediated PTGS, with the exception of a few development-relevant endogenous si RNA-producing genes. We also discuss a finely balanced PTGS threshold model that plants fully take advantage of the power of PTGS without self-harm.

关键词： post-transcriptional gene silencing short interference RNA coding-transcript-derived siRNA RNA decay

A New Chemical Trick to Prevent House from Collapsing by Bacterial Pathogens

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2022年第2期38卷 478-480页

作者： QIU Jiazhang LUO Zhao-Qing State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases College of Veterinary MedicineJilin UniversityChangchun 130061P.R.China Purdue Institute for Inflammation Immunology and Infectious Disease and Department of Biological SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA

Metazoans often induce cell death as an ultimate strategy to prevent disastrous damage to the body under circumstances when insults,such as infection are impossible to *** cell death or pyroptosis not only eliminates the replicative niche for the pathogen but also stimulates effective immune protection.A recent study by Shao,Liu and colleagues found that the Shigella flexneri effector OspC3 inactivates an inflammasome by a novel posttranslational modification termed *** finding has greatly expanded the chemical tool box of pathogens in their manipulation of host function,which may be used to probe unrecognized signaling mechanisms.

关键词： death manipulation eliminate

Climate change and its effect on reference crop evapotranspiration in central and western Inner Mongolia during 1961-2009

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2013年第4期7卷 417-428页

作者： Di HE Yaling LIU Zhihua PAN Pingli AN Liwei WANG Zhiqiang DONG Jingting ZHANG Xuebiao PAN Peiyi ZHAO college of Resources and Environmental Science China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China Key Ecology and Environment Experimental Station for Field Scientific Observation in Hohhot Ministry of Agriculture Wuchuan County Hohhot 011705 China Department of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences Purdue University West Lafayette 47907 USA

Water resource is one of the major constraints to agricultural production in central and western Inner Mongolia, where are characteristic by arid and semi-arid climate. Reference crop evapotranspiration （ETo） is an important part of water cycle in agricultural ecosystem, which has a direct effect on crop growth and yield. The implications of climate change on ETo are of high importance for agriculture regarding water management and irrigation scheduling. The aim of this study was to analyze the variations in climate and its effect on ETo in central and western Inner Mongolia over the period 1961 to 2009 For this purpose, data in ten meteorological stations across study area were collected and the FAO Penman-Monteith 56 method was used. Results showed that the average temperature, maximum temperature and minimum temperature increased by 0.49~C, 0.31~C and 0.70~C per decade during 1961-2009, respectively. In comparison, the daily temperature range decreased by 0.38~C per decade. The air relative humidity, sunshine hour, and 10-m wind speed decreased generally by 0.58%, 40.11 h, and 0.35 rrds per decade, respectively. Annual mean ETo decreased significantly at a rate of 12.2 mm per decade over the periods, this was mainly due to the decrease in wind speed in the study area. The decrease in wind speed may balance the effect of the increase in air temperature on ETo. Variations in spatial distribution of ETo and its main controlling factor were also detected among ten stations. Our results suggested that spatial and temporal distribution of ETo should be considered regarding the optimization of water resource management for agriculture in central and western Inner Mongolia under foreseen climate change.

关键词： climate change reference crop evapotranspiration partial correlation analysis Inner Mongolia

Nafamostat mesylate attenuates the pathophysiologic sequelae of neurovascular ischemia

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第12期15卷 2217-2234页

作者： George Zaki Ghali Michael George Zaki Ghali United States Environmental Protection Agency ArlingtonVAUSA Department of Toxicology Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Department of Neurological Surgery University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy Drexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA

Nafamostat mesylate,an apparent soi-disant panacea of sorts,is widely used to anticoagulate patients undergoing hemodialysis or cardiopulmonary bypass,mitigate the inflammatory response in patients diagnosed with acute pancreatitis,and reverse the coagulopathy of patients experiencing the commonly preterminal disseminated intravascular coagulation in the Far *** serine protease inhibitor nafamostat mesylate exhibits significant neuroprotective effects in the setting of neurovascular *** mesylate generates neuroprotective effects by attenuating the enzymatic activity of serine proteases,neuroinflammatory signaling cascades,and the endoplasmic reticulum stress responses,downregulating excitotoxic transient receptor membrane channel subfamily 7 cationic currents,modulating the activity of intracellular signal transduction pathways,and supporting neuronal survival brain-derived neurotrophic factor/TrkB/ERK1/2/CREB,nuclear factor kappa *** effects collectively reduce neuronal necrosis and apoptosis and prevent ischemia mediated disruption of blood-brain barrier *** clinical applications of these compounds may mitigate ischemic reperfusion injury in patients undergoing cardiac,hepatic,renal,or intestinal transplant,preventing allograft rejection,and treating solid organ *** effects mediated by nafamostat mesylate support the wise conduct of randomized prospective controlled trials in Western countries to evaluate the clinical utility of this compound.

关键词： apoptosis cerebrovascular excitotoxicity infarction ischemia nafamostat mesylate necrosis neuroprotection serine protesae subarachnoid hemorrhage

Mechanistic insight into the gut microbiome and its interaction with host immunity and inflammation

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Animal Nutrition 2020年第4期6卷 421-428页

作者： Junjing Xue Kolapo M.Ajuwon Rejun Fang college of Animal Science and Technology Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaHunan410128China Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety ChangshaHunan410128China Department of Animal Sciences Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907-2054United States

The intestinal tract is a host to 100 trillion of microbes that have co-evolved with mammals over the *** commensal organisms are critical to the host *** roles that symbiotic microorganisms play in the digestion,absorption,and metabolism of nutrients have been clearly ***,commensals are indispensable in regulating host *** is evidenced by the poorly developed gut immune system of germ-free mice,which can be corrected by transplantation of specific commensal *** advances in our understanding of the mechanism of host emicrobial interaction have provided the basis for this *** paper reviews some of these key studies,with a specific focus on the effect of the microbiome on the immune organ development,nonspecific immunity,specific immunity,and inflammation.

关键词： Gut microbiome Nonspecific immunity Specific immunity Inflammation

A Telepresence-Guaranteed Control Scheme for Teleoperation Applications of Transferring Weight-Unknown Objects

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2022年第6期9卷 1015-1025页

作者： Jinfei Hu Zheng Chen Xin Ma Han Lai Bin Yao State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China IEEE Ocean college Zhejiang UniversityZhoushan 316021 the State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027 Ocean Research Center of Zhoushan Zhejiang UniversityZhoushan 316021China School of Engineering Technology Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907 USA Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China School of Mechanical Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907 USA

Currently,most teleoperation work is focusing on scenarios where slave robots interact with unknown ***,in some fields such as medical robots or rescue robots,the other typical teleoperation application is precise object ***,the object’s weight is unknown yet essential for both accurate control of the slave robot and intuitive perception of the human ***,due to high cost and limited installation space,it is unreliable to employ a force sensor to directly measure the ***,in this paper,a control scheme free of force sensor is proposed for teleoperation robots to transfer a weight-unknown object *** this scheme,the workspace mapping between master and slave robot is firstly established,based on which,the operator can generate command trajectory on-line by operating the master ***,a slave controller is designed to follow the master command closely and estimate the object’s weight rapidly,accurately and robust to unmodeled ***,for the sake of telepresence,a master controller is designed to generate force feedback to reproduce the estimated weight of the *** the end,comparative experiments show that the proposed scheme can achieve better control accuracy and telepresence,with accurate force feedback generated in only 500 ms.

关键词： Adaptive robust control teleoperation telepresence transparency weight estimation

Unconventional routes to developing insect-resistant crops

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Molecular Plant 2021年第9期14卷 1439-1453页

作者： Laramy Enders Kevin Begcy Purdue University Department of EntomologyWest LafayetteIN 47907USA University of Florida Environmental Horticulture DepartmentGainesvilleFL 32611USA

Concerns over widespread use of insecticides and heightened insect pest virulence under climate change continue to fuel the need for environmentally safe and sustainable control strategies. However, to develop such strategies, a better understanding of the molecular basis of plant-pest interactions is still needed. Despite decades of research investigating plant-insect interactions, few examples exist where underlying molecular mechanisms are well characterized, and even rarer are cases where this knowledge has been successfully applied to manage harmful agricultural pests. Consequently, the field appears to be static, urgently needing shifts in approaches to identify novel mechanisms by which insects colonize plants and plants avoid insect pressure. In this perspective, we outline necessary steps for advancing holistic methodologies that capture complex plant-insect molecular interactions. We highlight novel and underexploited approaches in plant-insect interaction research as essential routes to translate knowledge of underlying molecular mechanisms into durable pest control strategies, including embracing microbial partnerships, identifying what makes a plant an unsuitable host, capitalizing on tolerance of insect damage, and learning from cases where crop domestication and agronomic practices enhance pest virulence.

关键词： insects plants compatible and incompatible interaction host and non-host plant resista nee

Comparison of direct and indirect determinations of dynamic ventilation rate in a modern dairy free stall barn

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2020年第6期13卷 41-46页

作者： Bing Zou Albert J.Heber Zhengxiang Shi Songhuai Du Yaomin Jin Teng Teeh Lim college of Information and Electrical Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083 China Department of Agriculture and Biological Engineering Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette 47907USA college of Water Sources and Civil Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Ministry of Energy Mines and Petroleum ResourcesVictoria V8W 9N3Canada college of Agriculture Food and Natural ResourcesUniversity of MissouriColumbia 65211USA

Reliable estimation of the ventilation rate(VR)in intensive livestock buildings is necessary for studying building environmental control strategies and predicting indoor air quality and air *** direct air exchange measurements are time-consuming and expensive,it is environmentally inefficient to measure livestock building VR continuously in ***,indirect VR estimation methods have been widely used in modelling environmental control and air emissions,and also to measure airflow in the *** accuracy of indirect measurement methods needs to be evaluated by comparing with direct *** this study,the direct and indirect methods of determining hourly and daily mean VRs were applied to a mechanically-ventilated dairy free stall barn monitored by the 24-month National Air Emissions Monitoring *** direct method was used to continuously monitor fan rotational speeds,and differential static pressures,coupled with periodic in-situ fan performance assessments,to calculate the *** indirect method consisted of estimating the VR using CO2 concentration measurements and the CO2 mass balance *** average daily and hourly means(mean±SD)of directly measured barn ventilation rates for two years were(246±73)m3/s and(245±77)m3/s,*** average daily and hourly means(mean±SD)of barn ventilation rates estimated by the CO2 mass balance method were(287±93.4)m3/s and(287±118)m3/s,*** analyses showed a strong correlation between the indirect CO2 mass balance method and direct measurement methods(r=0.93 for daily means and r=0.85 for hourly means).

关键词： dynamic ventilation rate modern dairy free stall barn carbon dioxide mass balance dairy cow direct and indirect determination comparison

Dynamical load sharing behaviors of heavy load planetary gear system with multi-floating components

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International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 2018年第1期9卷 146-158页

作者： Xiangyang Xu Tianhong Luo Jiayuan Luo Xia Hua Reza Langari School of Mechatronics and Vehicle Engineering Chongqing Jiaotong University Chongqing 400074 P.R.China college of Optoelectronic Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing 400030P.R.China School of Mechanical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907-2088United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas A&M University college Station 77843 United States

To investigate the dynamical load sharing behaviors of multi-floating components in the heavy load planetary gear system,a multi-floating planetary gear system that includes a floating central component and a quasi-floating planet flexible supporting pin is *** a 21 degree of freedom lumped parameters dynamical model of this system is presented to study the dynamical load sharing *** influencing factors,such as supporting stiffness,positions error of sun or carrier,and external input load are analyzed on the dynamical load sharing of the planetary gear system with multi-floating *** results demonstrate that the load sharing condition of the system is best when both the sun gear and planet gears are multi-floating at the same *** the planet gear position errors remain constant,reducing the flexible pin stiffness of planet gear or increasing external input load can effectively improve the load *** conclusions are verified by the relevant experiments.

关键词： Multi-floating components planetary gear system dynamical model load sharin