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Nitrogen addition promotes soil carbon accumulation globally

Science China Life Sciences 2025年第1期 284-293页

作者： Xuemei Yang Suhui Ma Erhan Huang Danhua Zhang Guoping Chen Jiangling Zhu Chengjun Ji Biao Zhu Lingli Liu Jingyun Fang Institute of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Sciencesand Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of EducationPeking University Ministry of Education Key laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China School of Ecology and Environmental ScienceYunnan University State Key laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences

Soil is the largest carbon(C) reservoir in terrestrial ecosystems and plays a crucial role in regulating the global C cycle and climate *** nitrogen(N) deposition has been widely considered as a critical factor affecting soil organic carbon(SOC) storage, but its effect on SOC components with different stability remains unclear. Here, we analyzed extensive empirical data from 304 sites worldwide to investigate how SOC and its components respond to N addition. Our analysis showed that N addition led to a significant increase in bulk SOC(6.7%), with greater increases in croplands(10.6%) and forests(6.0%) compared to grasslands(2.1%). Regarding SOC components, N addition promoted the accumulation of plant-derived C(9.7%–28.5%) over microbial-derived C(0.2%), as well as labile(5.7%) over recalcitrant components(–1.2%), resulting in a shift towards increased accumulation of plant-derived labile C. Consistently, N addition led to a greater increase in particulate organic C(11.9%) than mineral-associated organic C(3.6%), suggesting that N addition promotes C accumulation across all pools, with more increase in unstable than stable pools. The responses of SOC and its components were best predicted by the N addition rate and net primary productivity. Overall, our findings suggest that N enrichment could promote the accumulation of plant-derived and non-mineral associated C and a subsequent decrease in the overall stability of soil C pool, which underscores the importance of considering the effects of N enrichment on SOC components for a better understanding of C dynamics in soils.

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In vitro Blood Compatibility of Polyethylene Terephthalate with Covalently Bounded Hirudin on surface

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2011年第5期26卷 950-954页

作者：李方 School of Petroleum Engineering Southwest Petroleum University Lab of surface modification of Artificial Organs of Sichuan Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of MaterialsMinistry of EducationSouthwest Jiaotong University

Polyethylene terephthalate （PET,Dacron） was modified by surface immobilization of hirudin with glutaraldehyde（GA） as coupling reagent to improve the blood ***-immobilized PETs were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） and contact angle *** blood compatibility of the PETs was evaluated by platelet adhesion evaluation and fibrinogen conformational change measurements in *** results showed the decrease of platelet adhesion and activation on hirudin-immobilized PET with increasing of glutaraldehyde *** experiment showed that fibrinogen adherence and conformational changes of PET-HRD were less than those of untreated PET,which made the materials difficult to form *** proper reason of blood compatibility improvement was low interface tension between hirudin-immobilized PETs and blood,as well as blood proteins,and low ratio of dispersive/polar component of the surface energy（γsd/γsp） and high hydrophilicity.

关键词： hirudin blood compatibility poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) interface tension surface energy

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Characterizing modified surface layer of 316L stainless steel treated by high current pulsed electron beam

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Rare Metals 2007年第S1期26卷 61-66页

作者： GROSDIDIER Thierry State Key laboratory for Materials modification Dalian University of Technology

High current pulsed electron beam(HCPEB) is now developing as a useful tool for surface modification of *** concentrated electron flux transferring its energy into the surface layer of target material within a short pulse time,coupled thermal and stress processes would lead to the formation of metastalbe microstructure with improved *** the present work,HCPEB treatment of 316L stainless steel(SS) was carried out and the microstructural changes in modified surface layer were characterized with optical microscopy,X-ray diffractometry and electron backscatter diffractometry(EBSD) *** corrosion resistance of modified surface was measured in a 5wt.% salt *** evolution regularity of surface craters and grain refinement effect,as well as the preferred orientation of(111) crystal plane occurring in the HCPEB treatment under different working parameters were discussed along with their influence on corrosion resistance.

关键词： high current pulsed electron beam surface modification 316L stainless steel microstructure corrosion

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Effects of carbon content on the microstructure and tensile properties of a low-density steel

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第2期32卷 391-401页

作者： Yongxuan Shang Mingyu Fan Shuyong Jiang Zhongwu Zhang Key laboratory of Superlight Materials and surface Technology Ministry of EducationCollege of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Engineering UniversityHarbin 150001China State Key laboratory of Metal Material for Marine Equipment and Application Iron&Steel Research Institute of Ansteel Group CorporationAnshan 114009China

Carbon can change the phase components of low-density steels and influence the mechanical *** this study,a new method to control the carbon content and avoid the formation ofδ-ferrite by decarburization treatment was *** microstructural changes and mechanical characteristics with carbon content induced by decarburization were systematically ***-Jaoul(C-J)analysis was employed to examine the work hardening characteristics during the tensile *** decarburization by heat treatments,the carbon content within the austenite phase decreased,while Mn and Al were almost unchanged;this made the steel with full austenite transform into the austenite and ferrite dual ***,(Ti,V)C carbides existed in both matrix phase and the mole fraction almost the *** addition,the formation of other carbides *** loss induced a decrease in strength due to the weakening of the carbon solid *** the steel with the single austinite,the deformation mode of austenite was the dislocation planar glide,resulting in the formation of *** the dual-phase steel,the deformation occurred by the dislocation planar glide of austenite first,with the increase in strain,the cross slip of ferrite took place,forming dislocation cells in *** the late stage of deformation,the work hardening of austinite increased rapidly,while that of ferrite increased slightly.

关键词： low-density steels carbon content decarburization strengthening mechanisms work hardening behavior

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Simulation of surface-Induced Morphology Transition and Phase Diagram of Linear Triblock Copolymers under Spherical Confinement

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2023年第1期41卷 166-178页

作者： Ji Wu Shang-Ting Chen Shi-Ben Li Lu-Ming Liu Xiang-Hong Wang Wen-Chang Lang Key laboratory of surface modification of Polymer Materials Wenzhou PolytechnicWenzhou325035China Department of Physics Wenzhou UniversityWenzhou325035China Department of Mechanical Engineering Shanghai Technical Institute of Electronics&InformationShanghai201411China

In this work,the nanostructures and phase diagrams of lamella-forming and cylinder-forming ABC linear triblock copolymers confined in spherical cavities are investigated on the basis of real-space self-consistent field *** designate specific monomer-monomer interactions and block composition and study morphology transformation under spherical confinement with a neutral *** potentially valuable morphological structures,such as two-or three-colored spheres,rotational structures,and biconcave disklike structures,are identified in the phase diagrams constructed on confining *** confinement induces an obvious transformation of self-assembled structures,which still retain some of the conformational properties of bulk *** then focus on phase morphology under preferential *** can smooth out differences in block ratios,and similar structures can be assembled from block copolymers with different *** incorporate a non-centrosymmetric feature into our spherical confinement model and design a Janus adsorption field to explore unpredictable microphase *** show that the unbalance of the block ratio causes adsorption to exert a stable shaping effect on *** influence of confinement on the degree of freedom of polymer chains disrupts the influence of adsorption on the complexity and transformation activity of self-assembled *** theoretical results correspond to recent experimental observations and contribute to the field functional material synthesis.

关键词： Triblock copolymer Self-assembly structure Phase transition Three-dimensional confinement surface adsorption

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Infrared measurement and simulation of mag-nesium alloy welding temperature field

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2005年第6期48卷 706-715页

作者： LIU Liming CHI Mingsheng HUANG Ruisheng SONG Gang ZHOU Yang State Key laboratory of Material surface modification by Laser Ion and Electronic Beams Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China State Key Laboratory of Material Surface Modification by Laser Ion and Electronic Beams Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China State Key Laboratory of Material Surface Modification by Laser Ion and Electronic Beams Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China State Key Laboratory of Material Surface Modification by Laser Ion and Electronic Beams Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China State Key Laboratory of Material Surface Modification by Laser Ion and Electronic Beams Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China

The welding temperature field of magnesium alloy AZ31 welded by TIG was measured with the uncooled infrared (IR) thermal imaging technology. The variables in the mathematic mode of welding temperature fields were revised by IR temperature data. Based on the results of simulation, the loss of temperature fields caused by arc interfered was compensated, and a whole temperature field was achieved, which provided a precise and powerful foundation for the investigation of microstructure of the joints.

关键词： magnesium alloy, temperature fields, IR thermal imager, simulation, microstructure.

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Grafting Silane onto Silicate Glass surface Treated by DBD in Air

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Plasma Science and Technology 2008年第5期10卷 556-559页

作者：任春生王德真王友年 State Key laboratory for Materials modification by Electron Ion and Laser BeamsDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116023China

Dielectric barrier discharge plasma in air was used to modify glass surface to induce the graft of silane onto the treated surface to increase the possibility of biomolecule immobilization. The plasma treated glass had been characterized by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflection spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） and surface water contact angle measurement. The validity of grafting silane onto glass surface was approved by the analysis of water contact angle measurement, SEM and XPS. The grafted silane content was measured by visible absorption spectroscopy using acid Orange-7. It is shown that the grafting density of silane for glass samples increases significantly after plasma treatment.

关键词： dielectric barrier discharge plasma biomolecule immobilization silane graft

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Reconstruction and stability of Fe_(3)O_(4)(001)surface:An investigation based on particle swarm optimization and machine learning

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Chinese Physics B 2023年第5期32卷 27-31页

作者：柳洪盛赵圆圆邱实赵纪军高峻峰 Key laboratory of Materials modification by Laser Ion and Electron Beams(Dalian University of Technology)Ministry of EducationDalian 116024China

Magnetite nanoparticles show promising applications in drug delivery,catalysis,and *** surface of magnetite plays an important role in these ***,it is critical to understand the surface structure of Fe_(3)O_(4)at atomic ***,using a combination of first-principles calculations,particle swarm optimization(PSO)method and machine learning,we investigate the possible reconstruction and stability of Fe_(3)O_(4)(001)*** results show that besides the subsurface cation vacancy(SCV)reconstruction,an A layer with Fe vacancy(A-layer-V_(Fe))reconstruction of the(001)surface also shows very low surface energy especially at oxygen poor *** dynamics simulation based on the iron–oxygen interaction potential function fitted by machine learning further confirms the thermodynamic stability of the A-layer-V_(Fe)*** results are also instructive for the study of surface reconstruction of other metal oxides.

关键词： surface reconstruction magnetite surface particle swarm optimization machine learning

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A surface engineering strategy for the stabilization of zinc metal anodes with montmorillonite layers toward long-life rechargeable aqueous zinc ion batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 94-105页

作者： Wenbo Wang Ruifeng Xu Xu Zhang Peiyu Wang Bao Yang Bingjun Yang Juan Yang Kailimai Su Pengjun Ma Yanan Deng Xianfeng Fan Wanjun Chen Key laboratory for Electronic Materials College of Electrical Engineering Northwest Minzu University Resource Chemistry and Energy Materials Research Center State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute for Materials and Processes School of Engineering University of Edinburgh

Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries （AZIBs） exhibit appreciable potential in the domain of electrochemical energy ***,there are serious challenges for AZIBs,for instance zinc dendrite growth,hydrogen evolution reaction （HER）,and corrosion side ***,we propose a surface engineering modification strategy for coating the montmorillonite （MMT） layer onto the surface of the Zn anode to tackle these issues,thereby achieving high cycling stability for rechargeable *** results reveal that the MMT layer on the surface of the Zn anode is able to provide ordered zincophilic channels for zinc ions migration,facilitating the reaction kinetics of zinc *** functional theory（DFT） calculations and water contact angle （CA） tests prove that MMT@Zn anode exhibits superior adsorption capacity for Zn2+and better hydrophobicity than the bare Zn anode,thereby achieving excellent cycling ***,the MMT@Zn||MMT@Zn symmetric cell holds the stable cycling over 5600 h at 0.5 mA cm-2and 0.125 m A h cm-2,even exceeding 1800 h long cycling under harsh conditions of 5 m A cm-2and 1.25 m A h *** MMT@Zn||V2O5full cell reaches over 3000 cycles at 2 A g-1with excellent rate ***,this surface engineering modification strategy for enhancing the electrochemical performance of AZIBs represents a promising application.

关键词： surface engineering strategy Montmorillonite layer Protection mechanism of Zn anode Cycling stability Aqueous zinc ion batteries

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surface charge characteristics in a three-electrode surface dielectric barrier discharge

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第11期26卷 127-137页

作者： Jingwen FAN Huijie YAN Ting LI Yurong MAO Jiaqi LI Jian SONGKey laboratory of Materials modification by Laser Ionand Electron BeamsMinistry of EducationSchool of PhysicsDalian 116024People’s Republic of China

The surface charge characteristics in a three-electrode surface dielectric barrier discharge(SDBD)are experimentally investigated based on the Pockels effect of an electro-optical crystal. The actuator is based on the most commonly used SDBD structure for airflow control, with an exposed electrode supplied with sinusoidal AC high voltage, a grounded encapsulated electrode and an additional exposed electrode downstream supplied with DC voltage. The ionic wind velocity and thrust can be significantly improved by increasing DC voltage although the plasma discharge characteristics are virtually unaffected. It is found that the negative charges generated by the discharge of the three-electrode structure accumulate on the dielectric surface significantly further downstream in an AC period compared to the actuator with a two-electrode structure. The negative charges in the downstream region increase as the DC voltage *** addition, the DC voltage affects the time required for the positive charge filaments to *** positive DC voltage expands the ionic acceleration zone downstream to produce a greater EHD force. The amplitude of the DC voltage affects the electric field on the dielectric surface and is therefore a key factor in the formation of the EHD force. Further research on the surface charge characteristics of a three-electrode structure has been conducted using a pulse power to drive the discharge, and the same conclusions are drawn. This work demonstrates a link between surface charge characteristics and EHD performance of a three-electrode SDBD actuator.

关键词： surface dielectric barrier discharge three-electrode structure electro-optical crystal surface charge

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