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The Geology, Fluid Inclusions, and O-S Isotopes of the Mibei Gold Deposit, Hunan Province, Southern china

Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第4期98卷 992-1006页

作者： XUE Wenhao LIANG Yayun LI Xiaofeng LI Mingyi XIE Wenbo PENG Xue XIA Rui HE Hongsheng XIAO Jincheng School of Civil and Resource Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Geophysical and Geochemical survey Institute of Hunan Changsha 410116China New geological Energy Exploration and Development Engineering Technology Research Center of Hunan Changsha 410116China State Key laboratory of geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China Comprehensive survey Command Center for Natural Resources China Geological SurveyBeijing 100055China

The Mibei gold deposit,located in the southwestern part of the Xuefengshan uplift zone,the middle section of the Jiangnan orogenic belt in southern china,has estimated gold resources of approximately seven *** deposit is primarily a quartz vein-type gold deposit,with ore bodies occurring mainly within Neoproterozoic *** main metallic minerals in the ore are pyrite,chalcopyrite,and *** this study,the petrography and microthermometry of ore-forming fluid inclusions,oxygen isotopes of gold-bearing quartz,and sulfur isotopes of goldbearing sulfides and arsenopyrite were *** types of fluid inclusions were identified:type Ⅰa three-phase inclusions comprising vapor and two phases of liquids(V_(CO_(2))+L_(CO_(2))+L_(H2O)),type Ⅰb two-phase liquids(L_(CO_(2))+L_(H2O)),typeⅡ two-phase vapor-rich inclusions(V/V+L> 50%),and type Ⅲ pure liquid *** Ⅰ inclusions were heated uniformly to the liquid phase,type Ⅱ inclusions were heated uniformly to the gas phase,and type Ⅲ inclusions were heated without *** general,the temperature range of homogenization to liquid phase of fluid inclusions in the Mibei gold deposit is 204-227℃.The salinity of the inclusion ranges from 4.6 to 12.2 wt% NaCl *** δ~(18)O_(SMOW) of gold-bearing quartz varies from 16.9‰ to 17.5‰.The δ~(18)O_(H2O) of gold-bearing quartz are varied from 6.5‰ to 7.5‰.The δ~(34)S values of gold-bearing pyrite range from 1.7‰ to 6.8‰.The δ~(34)S values of gold-bearing arsenopy rite range from 5.6%o to 5.9‰.Theδ~(34)S values of pyrite from wall rocks slate range from 6.4‰ to 11.6‰.This evidence implies that the ore-forming fluids of the Mibei gold deposit originated from magmatic-hydrothermal processes,mixing with minor S from the surrounding *** with the evolution of the Jiangnan orogenic belt,due to the magmatic and tectonic activities of the Xuefengshan uplift during the Caledonian period,the fault seal mechanism controlled the ore-forming p

关键词： ore-forming fluid ore genesis Mibei gold deposit Xuefengshan uplift zone Jiangnan orogenic belt

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Deep-large faults controlling on the distribution of the venting gas hydrate system in the middle of the Qiongdongnan Basin, South china Sea

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china Geology 2024年第1期7卷 36-50页

作者： Jin-feng Ren Hai-jun Qiu Zeng-gui Kuang Ting-wei Li Yu-lin He Meng-jie Xu Xiao-xue Wang Hong-fei Lai Jin Liang National Engineering Research Center of Gas Hydrate Exploration and Development Guangzhou 511458China Guangzhou Marine geological survey China Geological SurveyGuangzhou 511458China china geological survey Ministtry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100037China

Many locations with concentrated hydrates at vents have confirmed the presence of abundant thermogenic gas in the middle of the Qiongdongnan Basin(QDNB).However,the impact of deep structures on gasbearing fluids migration and gas hydrates distribution in tectonically inactive regions is still *** this study,the authors apply high-resolution 3D seismic and logging while drilling(LWD)data from the middle of the QDNB to investigate the influence of deep-large faults on gas chimneys and preferred gasescape *** findings reveal the following:(1)Two significant deep-large faults,F1 and F2,developed on the edge of the Songnan Low Uplift,control the dominant migration of thermogenic hydrocarbons and determine the initial locations of gas chimneys.(2)The formation of gas chimneys is likely related to fault activation and *** chimney 1 is primarily arises from convergent fluid migration resulting from the intersection of the two faults,while the gas chimney 2 benefits from a steeper fault plane and shorter migration distance of fault F2.(3)Most gas-escape pipes are situated near the apex of the two *** reactivations facilitate free gas flow into the GHSZ and contribute to the formation of fracture‐filling hydrates.

关键词： Venting gas hydrates Deep-large faults Gas chimney Gas-escape pipes High-resolution 3D seismic Logging while drilling Qiongdongnan Basin South china Sea

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Constraints on crustal compositional architecture across the North china-Altaids transition and implications for craton margin reworking

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National Science Review 2024年第05期11卷 121-133页

作者： Zhuo Ye Xiaomiao Tan Rui Gao Qiusheng Li Hongshuang Zhang Xiaoyang Wu Wenhui Li Yingkang Li Sino Probe Center Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Key laboratory of Deep-Earth Dynamics Ministry of Natural Resources Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Key laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences china geological Sample Information Center China Geological Survey

The phase of secular evolution of continents is manifested as the degree of compositional differentiation,modification and maturation of continental crusts, which is vital in understanding the mechanism of continental evolution but is difficult to quantify. Here we use integrated passive-and active-source seismic profiling to conduct joint analysis and inversion and derive Vs and Vp/Vs section models across the North china Craton(NCC) to southeastern Altaids boundary zone that bears a tectonic transition from a reworked ancient craton margin to a Phanerozoic accretionary orogen. We systematically exploited the imaged multiple physical properties as precise and delicate proxies to constrain the compositional architecture in the crust across this important tectonic transition subject to various crustal evolutional phases. Our Vs and Vp/Vs imaging, together with the existing isotopic data, characterizes the Yin Shan–Yan Shan belt as the northern NCC margin with layered homogeneous compositions that point to an evolved crust. However, the lower-crustal low-Vs/high-Vp/Vs signature that overlaps the shallowly dipping to horizontal reflective fabrics suggests that the crust of the northern NCC margin has undergone considerable reworking through lower-crustal-stretching-assisted melt migration and mixing since the late Paleozoic to Mesozoic eras. The process probably involved crust–mantle interaction and thus resulted in a compositionally modified ancient crustal basement. On the contrary, the southeastern Altaids domain manifests crustal complexity in compositions and structures inferred to be indicative of a juvenile crust of the Phanerozoic accretionary orogen. Our results provide deep physical-property constraints that shed new light on the crustal evolution of a complex craton margin.

关键词： North china Craton Altaids crustal composition receiver function joint inversion continental reworking

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geological conditions and reservoir characteristics of various shales in major shalehosted regions of china

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china Geology 2024年第1期7卷 138-149页

作者： Shu-jing Bao Tian-xu Guo Jin-tao Yin Wei-bin Liu Sheng-jian Wang Hao-han Li Zhi Zhou Shi-zhen Li Xiang-lin Chen The Key laboratory of Unconventional Petroleum Geology China Geological SurveyMinistry of Natural Resources100083 BeijingChina Oil and Gas survey China Geological Survey100083 BeijingChina Research Institute of Yanchang Petroleum(Group)CO.LTD 710076 Xi’anChina

china is home to shales of three facies:Marine shale,continental shale,and marine-continental transitional *** types of shale gas are associated with significantly different formation conditions and major controlling *** study compared the geological characteristics of various shales and analyzed the influences of different parameters on the formation and accumulation of shale *** general,shales in china’s several regions exhibit high total organic carbon(TOC)contents,which lays a sound material basis for shale gas *** strata generally show high degrees of thermal *** contrast,continental shales manifest low degrees of thermal evolution,necessitating focusing on areas with relatively high degrees of thermal evolution in the process of shale gas surveys for these *** shales of the Wufeng and Silurian formations constitute the most favorable shale gas reservoirs since they exhibit the highest porosity among the three types of *** shales are followed by those in the Niutitang and Longtan *** contrast,the shales of the Doushantuo,Yanchang,and Qingshankou formations manifest low ***,the shales of the Wufeng and Longmaxi formations exhibit high brittle mineral *** a low siliceous mineral content,the shales of the Doushantuo Formation feature a high carbonate mineral content,which can increase the shales’brittleness to some *** marine-continental transitional shales,where thin interbeds of tight sandstone with unequal thicknesses are generally found,it is recommended that fracturing combined with drainage of multiple sets of lithologic strata should be employed to enhance their shale gas production.

关键词： Shale gas Marine shale Continental shale Marine-continental transitional shale Neoproterozoic-Cretaceous strata geological conditions Reservoir characteristics Petroleum geological survey engineering

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Significant lake expansion has accelerated permafrost degradation on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第1期21卷 68-83页

作者： LI Qingpeng LIU Wenhui LIU Hairui ZHOU Guanghao SONG Xianteng LI Qing LUO Bingnan SONG Bangxu ZHANG Qi Department of geological Engineering Qinghai UniversityXining 810016China College of Eco-Environmental Engineering Qinghai UniversityXining 810016China Xining Center for Integrated Natural Resources survey China Geological SurveyXining 810000China

In recent years, lakes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have become more responsive to climate change. In September 2011, Zonag Lake in Hoh Xil experienced sudden drainage, the water eventually flowed into Yanhu Lake, which caused Yanhu Lake to continue to expand. The potential collapse of Yanhu Lake could directly threaten the operational safety of the adjacent Qinghai-Tibet Highway, Qinghai-Tibet Railway. To explore the implications of expanding lakes on the surrounding permafrost, we selected Hoh Xil Yanhu Lake on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to study the effect of lake expansion on permafrost degradation. The permafrost degradation in the Yanhu Lake basin from October 2017 to December 2022 was inverted using Sentinel-1 satellite image data and small baseline subset interferometry synthetic aperture radar(SBAS-In SAR) technology. Additionally, permafrost degradation from February 2007 and February 2010 was analyzed using advanced land observing satellite phased array-type L-band synthetic aperture radar(ALOS PALSAR) satellite images and differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar(D-In SAR) technique. The results showed that the permafrost around Yanhu Lake experienced accelerated degradation. Prior to the expansion of Yanhu Lake, the average annual deformation rate along the line of sight(LOS) direction was 6.7 mm/yr. After the expansion, the rate increased to 20.9 mm/yr. The integration of spatial-temporal distribution maps of surface subsidence, Wudaoliang borehole geothermal data, meteorological data, Yanhu Lake surface area changes, and water level changes supports the assertion that the intensified permafrost degradation could be attributed to lake expansion rather than the rising air temperature. Furthermore, permafrost degradation around Yanhu Lake could impact vital infrastructure such as the adjacent Qinghai-Tibet Highway and Qinghai-Tibet Railway.

关键词： Lake expansion SBAS-InSAR D-InSAR Permafrost deformation Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Paleoenvironmental Evolution and Organic Matter Enrichment Genesis of the Late Turonian Black Shale in the Southern Songliao Basin, NE china

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第5期98卷 1338-1358页

作者： BAI Jing XU Xingyou LIU Weibin ZHAO Wenzhi JIANG Hang State Key laboratory of Continental Shale Oil Key laboratory of Unconventional Oil and Gas China Geological Survey Oil and Gas survey China Geological Survey Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration Development of Petrochina Strategic Research Center of Oil and Gas Resources Ministry of Natural Resources

The Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation black shales, deposited in the late Turonian(LTB shales), are the main source rocks of the Songliao Basin. The origins of organic matter enrichment of the shales is a contentious subject fuelling many ongoing debates. This study investigates the genesis of the organic matter-rich shale by using molecular geochemistry. The LTB shales can be divided into three sections. The Section Ⅰ shales were deposited in saline, stratified and anoxic water conditions, which are related to seawater incursion events. At least three episodic and periodic seawater incursion events were recognized during Section Ⅰ shale deposition. The Section Ⅱ shales deposited in brackish to fresh and deep lake-level conditions with high primary productivity, which are related to lake-level transgression. The Section Ⅲ shales were deposited under fresh and slightly oxidized water conditions, which are related to lake-level regression. Two organic matter enrichment models for the LTB shales are identified, that is, the seawater incursion model and the maximum lake-level transgression sedimentation model, which act on different shale sections, both playing significant roles in the enrichment of organic matter.

关键词： Cretaceous enrichment genetics late Turonian organic matter-rich shale paleoenvironmental evolution Songliao Basin

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First Record of Cyclocarya from the Early Oligocene Qaidam Basin,North Tibet:Implications for the Paleogeography and Paleoecology

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第1期35卷 201-211页

作者： Yafei Hou Bowen Song Xiangchuan Li Fang Han Xu Zhang Kexin Zhang Institute of geological survey China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China State Key laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China College of Earth Sciences and Resources&Key laboratory of Western Mineral Resources and geological Engineering of the Ministry of Education Chang'an UniversityXi'an 710054China State Key laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and PalaeontologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China School of Earth Sciences East China University of TechnologyNanchang 330013China

As the largest intermontane basin in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau(TP),the Qaidam Basin provides unique insight into paleoclimatic change and its relationship with global change and uplift on the *** this study,based on morphological comparison,fossil fruit of Cyclocarya from the Early Oligocene Shangganchaigou Formation in the Qaidam Basin is assigned as Cyclocarya *** discovery of Cyclocarya *** demonstrates the occurrence of Cyclocarya in the Oligocene sediment in Qaidam *** is the first record of Cyclocarya fossil of Early Oligocene Age in china and indicates that Cyclocarya has existed on the northeastern TP since at least the Early *** living analogues of the current fossil now lives in sub-tropical china,where the East Asian Monsoon is *** the new fossils and previously reported fossil remains of plants and fishes,it can be inferred that the Early Oligocene Qaidam Basin was primarily influenced by westerly circulation and had a relatively warm and humid climate,which was in sharp contrast to the present-day climate in Qaidam Basin.

关键词： biostratigraphy climate change winged-fruit fossil Qaidam Basin Early Oligocene paleoclimate paleogeography

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Climate and Soil Geochemistry Influence the Soil Organic Carbon Content in Drylands of the Songliao Plain, Northeast china

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第5期98卷 1394-1403页

作者： LIU Kai DAI Huimin SONG Yunhong LIANG Shuai YANG Zhongfang School of Earth Sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences Key laboratory of Black Soil Evolution and Ecological Effect Ministry of Natural Resources/Liaoning Province Shenyang Center of china geological survey Northeast Geological S&T Innovation Center of China Geological Survey

The understanding of the spatial distribution of soil organic carbon(SOC) and its influencing factors is crucial for comprehending the global carbon cycle. However, the impact of soil geochemical and climatic conditions on SOC remains limited, particularly in dryland farming areas. In this study, we aimed to enhance the understanding of the factors influencing the distribution of SOC in the drylands of the Songliao Plain, Northeast china. A dataset comprising 35,188 measured soil samples was used to map the SOC distribution in the region. Multiple linear regression(MLR) and random forest models(RFM) were employed to assess the importance of driving indicators for SOC. We also carried out partial correlation and path analyses to further investigate the relationship between climate and geochemistry. The SOC content in dryland soils of the Songliao Plain ranged from 0.05% to 11.63%, with a mean value of 1.47% ± 0.90%. There was a notable increasing trend in SOC content from the southwest to the northeast regions. The results of MLR and RFM revealed that temperature was the most critical factor, demonstrating a significant negative correlation with SOC content. Additionally, iron oxide was the most important soil geochemical indicator affecting SOC variability. Our research further suggested that climate may exert an indirect influence on SOC concentrations through its effect on geochemical properties of soil. These insights highlight the importance of considering both the direct and indirect impact of climate in predicting the SOC under future climate change.

关键词： climate change Northeast china soil geochemistry soil organic carbon

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Thermal and exhumation history of the Songnan Low Uplift,Qiongdongnan Basin:constraints from the apatite fission-track and zircon(U-Th)/He thermochronology

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2024年第4期43卷 40-49页

作者： Xiaoyin Tang Kaixun Zhang Shuchun Yang Shuai Guo Xinyan Zhao Zhizhao Bai Institute of Geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100081China Key laboratory of Paleomagnetism and Tectonic Reconstruction Ministry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100081China Key laboratory of Petroleum Geomechanics China Geological SurveyBeijing 100081China china National Offshore Oil Corporation(CNOOC)Research Center Beijing 100028China

Significant advancements have been made in the study of Mesozoic granite buried hills in the Songnan Low Uplift(SNLU)of the Qiongdongnan *** findings indicate that the bedrock buried hills in this basin hold great potential for *** samples taken from the granite buried hills in the SNLU were analyzed using apatite fission track(AFT)and zircon(U-Th)/He data to unravel the thermal history of the basement *** information is crucial for understanding the processes of exhumation and alteration that occurred after its *** modeling of a sample from the western bulge of the SNLU revealed a prolonged cooling event from the late Mesozoic to the Oligocene period(~80-23.8 Ma),followed by a heating stage from the Miocene epoch until the present(~23.8 Ma to present).In contrast,the sample from the eastern bulge experienced a more complex thermal *** underwent two cooling stages during the late Mesozoic to late Eocene period(~80-36.4 Ma)and the late Oligocene period(~30-23.8 Ma),interspersed with two heating phases during the late Eocene to early Oligocene period(~36.4-30 Ma)and the Miocene epoch to recent times(~23.8-0 Ma),*** differences in exhumation histories between the western and eastern bulges during the late Eocene to Oligocene period in the SNLU can likely be attributed to differences in fault *** typical passive continental margin basins,the SNLU has experienced accelerated subsidence after the rifting phase,which began around 5.2 Ma *** possible mechanism for this abnormal post-rifting subsidence may be the decay or movement of the deep thermal source and the rapid cooling of the ***-term and multi-episodic cooling and exhumation processes play a key role in the alteration of bedrock and contribute to the formation of *** the other hand,rapid post-rifting subsidence(sedimentation)promotes the formation of cap rocks.

关键词： granite buried hills (U-Th)/He dating fission-track dating exhumation Songnan Low Uplift

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Genesis of the Nuri Cu-W-Mo Deposit,Tibet,china:Constraints from in situ Trace Elements and Sr Isotopic Analysis of Scheelite

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第1期98卷 117-131页

作者： WANG Yiyun WU Zhishan CHEN Wenqing DU Qing’an TANG Liwei SHI Hongzhao MA Guotao ZHANG Zhi LIANG Wei WU Bo MIAO Hengyi Chengdu Center China Geological Survey(Geoscience Innovation Center of Southwest China)Chengdu 610081China The Second geological Institute of china’s Metallurgical Geology Bureau Fuzhou 351111China

The Nuri deposit is the only Cu-W-Mo polymetallic deposit with large-scale WO3 resources in the eastern section of the Gangdese metallogenic belt,Tibet,***,the genetic type of this deposit has been controversial since its *** on a study of the geological characteristics of the deposit,this study presents mineralization stages,focusing on the oxide stage and the quartz-sulfide stage where scheelite is mainly formed,referred to as Sch-A and Sch-B,*** LA-ICP-MS trace element and Sr isotope analyses,the origin,evolutionary process of the oreforming fluid and genesis of the ore deposit are *** Electron Microscope-Cathodoluminescence(SEMCL)observations reveal that Sch-A consists of three generations,with dark gray homogenous Sch-A1 being replaced by relatively lighter and homogeneous Sch-A2 and Sch-A3,with Sch-A2 displaying a gray CL image color with vague and uneven growth bands and Sch-A3 has a light gray CL image color with hardly any growth *** contrast,Sch-B exhibits a‘core-rim’structure,with the core part(Sch-B1)being dark gray and displaying a uniform growth band,while the rim part(Sch-B2)is light gray and *** normalized distribution pattern of rare earth elements in scheelite and Sr isotope data suggest that the early ore-forming fluid in the Nuri deposit originated from granodiorite porphyry and,later on,some country rock material was mixed in,due to strong water-rock *** the O-H isotope data further indicates that the ore-forming fluid in the Nuri deposit originated from magmatic-hydrothermal sources,with contributions from metamorphic water caused by water-rock interaction during the mineralization process,as well as later meteoric *** intense water-rock interaction likely played a crucial role in the precipitation of scheelite,leading to varying Eu anomalies in different generations of scheelite from the oxide stage to the quartz-sulfide stage,while also causing a

关键词： trace elements in situ Sr isotopes tungsten mineralization Gangdese metallogenic belt Tibet

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