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Effects of Anthropogenic Disturbance on Sediment Organic Carbon Mineralization Under Different Water Conditions in Coastal Wetland of a Subtropical Estuary

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Chinese Geographical Science 2018年第3期28卷 400-410页

作者： MOU Xiaojie LIU Xingtu SUN Zhigao TONG Chuan HUANG Jiafang WAN Siang WANG Chun WEN Bolong Key laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Geography Key Laboratory of Humid Sub-tropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education Fujian Normal University

The changes in soil organic carbon(C) mineralization as affected by anthropogenic disturbance directly determine the role of soils as C source or sink in the global C budget. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of anthropogenic disturbance(aquaculture pond, pollutant discharge and agricultural activity) on soil organic C mineralization under different water conditions in the Minjiang River estuary wetland, Southeast China. The results showed that the organic C mineralization in the wetland soils was significantly affected by human disturbance and water conditions(P aquaculture pond sediment > soil near the discharge outlet > rice paddy soil. This indicated that human disturbance inhibited the mineralization of C in soils of the Minjiang River estuary wetland, and the inhibition increased with the intensity of human disturbance. The data for cumulative mineralized CO_2-C showed a good fit(R^2 > 0.91) to the first-order kinetic model C_t = C_0(1 – exp(–kt)). The kinetic parameters C_0, k and C_0 k were significantly affected by human disturbance and water conditions. In addition, the total amount of mineralized C(in 49 d) was positively related to C_0, C_0 k and electrical conductivity of soils. These findings indicated that anthropogenic disturbance suppressed the organic C mineralization potential in subtropical coastal wetland soils, and changes of water pattern as affected by human activities in the future would have a strong influence on C cycling in the subtropical estuarine wetlands.

关键词： human disturbance carbon mineralization water conditions coastal wetland

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Responses of CH_4 Emissions to Nitrogen Addition and Spartina alterniflora Invasion in Minjiang River Estuary, Southeast of China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2014年第5期24卷 562-574页

作者： MOU Xiaojie LIU Xingtu TONG Chuan SUN Zhigao Key laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Centre of Wetlands in Sub-tropical Regions Key Laboratory of Humid Sub-tropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education Fujian Normal University Key laboratory of Coastal Environment Processes Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research Chinese Academy of Sciences

The nitrogen （N） input and Spartina alterniflora invasion in the tidal marsh of the southeast of China are increasingly serious. To evaluate CH4 emissions in the tidal marsh as affected by the N inputs and S. alterniflora invasion, we measured CH4 emissions from plots with vegetated S. alterniflora and native Cyperus malaccensis, and fertilized with exogenous N at the rate of 0 （NO）, 21 （N1） and 42 （N2） g N/（***）, respectively, in the Shanyutan marsh in the Minjiang River estuary, the southeast of China. The average CH4 fluxes during the experiment in the C. malaccensis and S. alterniflora plots without N addition were 3.67 mg CHa/（m2.h） and 7.79 mg CH4/（m2-h）, respectively, suggesting that the invasion of S. alterniflora into the Minjiang River estuary stimulated CH4 emission. Exogenous N had positive effects on CH4 fluxes both in native and in invaded tidal marsh. The mean CH4 fluxes of NI and N2 treat- ments increased by 31.05% and 123.50% in the C. malaccensis marsh, and 63.88% and 7.55% in the S. alterniflora marsh, respectively, compared to that of NO treatment. The CH4 fluxes in the two marshes were positively correlated with temperature and pH, and nega- tively correlated with electrical conductivity and redox potential （Eh） at different N addition treatments. While the relationships between CH4 fluxes and environmental variables （especially soil temperature, pH and Eh at different depths） tended to decrease with N additions. Significant temporal variability in CH4 fluxes were observed as the N was gradually added to the native and invaded marshes. In order to better assess the global climatic role of tidal marshes as affected by N addition, much more attention should be paid to the short-term temporal variability in CH4 emission.

关键词： nitrogen addition CH4 emission tidal marsh Spartina alterniflora invasion temporal variability

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Soil mineral nitrogen and yield-scaled soil N2O emissions lowered by reducing nitrogen application and intercropping with soybean for sweet maize production in southern China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第11期16卷 2586-2596页

作者： TANG Yi-ling YU Ling-ling GUAN Ao-mei ZHOU Xian-yu WANG Zhi-guo GOU Yong-gang WANG Jian-wu Institute of tropical and Subtropical Ecology~Key laboratory of Agro-environment in the Tropics Ministry of Agriculture/KeyLaboratory of Agroecology and Rural Environment of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions South China AgriculturalUniversity Guangzhou 510642 P.R. China

The increasing demand for fresh sweet maize （Zea mays L. saccharata） in southern China has prioritized the need to find solutions to the environmental pollution caused by its continuous production and high inputs of chemical nitrogen fertilizers. A promising method for improving crop production and environmental conditions is to intercrop sweet maize with legumes. Here, a three-year field experiment was conducted to assess the influence of four different cropping systems （sole sweet maize （SS）, sole soybean （SB）, two rows sweet maize-three rows soybean （S2B3） intercropping, and two rows sweet maize-four rows soybean （S2B4） intercropping）, together with two rates of N fertilizer application （300 and 360 kg N ha-1） on grain yield, residual soil mineral N, and soil N2O emissions in southern China. Results showed that in most case, inter- cropping achieved yield advantages （total land equivalent ratio （TLER=0.87-1.25） was above one）. Moreover, intercropping resulted in 39.8% less soil mineral N than SS at the time of crop harvest, averaged over six seasons （spring and autumn in each of the three years of the field experiment）. Generally, intercropping and reduced-N application （300 kg N ha-1） produced lower cumulative soil N20 and yield-scaled soil N20 emissions than SS and conventionaI-N application （360 kg N ha-l）, respectively. $2B4 intercropping with reduced-N rate （300 kg N ha-~） showed the lowest cumulative soil N20 （mean value=0.61 kg ha-1） and yield-scaled soil N20 （mean value=0.04 kg t-1） emissions. Overall, intercropping with reduced-N rate maintained sweet maize production, while also reducing environmental impacts. The system of S2B4 intercropping with reduced-N rate may be the most sustainable and environmentally friendly cropping system.

关键词： sweet maize-soybean intercrop cropping system N fertilizer rate grain yield soil mineral N soil NzO emissions

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Spatial and temporal effects on seed dispersal and seed predation of Musa acuminata in southern Yunnan, China

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Integrative Zoology 2012年第1期7卷 30-40页

作者： Lingzeng MENG Xiuxia GAO Jin CHEN Konrad MARTIN Xishuangbanna tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of SciencesMenglunChina University of Hohenheim Institute of Plant Production and Agroecology in the Tropics and SubtropicsStuttgartGermany

Wild bananas are abundant in tropical areas and many ecologists have observed that the succession process is quicker following increased *** study was conducted to analyze animal–seed interactions and their effects on the seed fate of a wild banana species(Musa acuminata)in tropical southern Yunnan(China)through experiments considering spatial(site and habitat)and temporal(seasons)*** largest proportion of fruits(81%)was removed by frugivorous seed dispersers,especially by bats at *** 13%of the fruits were removed by climbing seed predators(different species of rats).In the exclosure treatment,rodents accounted for a significantly higher total artificially exposed seed removal number than ants,but with spatial and temporal *** highest seed predation rate by rodents(70%)was found in forest with wild banana stands,corresponding with the highest rodent diversity(species numbers and abundance)among the habitat *** contrast,the seed removal number by ants(57%)was highest in the open land habitats,but there was no close correlation with ant *** removal numbers by ants were significantly higher in the dry compared to the rainy season,but rodent activity showed no differences between *** overall results suggest that the largest proportion of seeds produced by wild banana are primarily dispersed by *** seed dispersal by bats at nighttime is essential for wild banana seeds to escape seed predation.

关键词： bats Musa acuminata seed dispersal seed predation tropical forest

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Contrasting responseS of hoverflies and wild bees to habitat structure and land use change in a tropical landscape （southern Yunnan, SW China）

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Insect Science 2012年第6期19卷 666-676页

作者： Ling-Zeng Meng Konrad Martin Jing-Xin Liu Frank Burger Jin Chen University of Hohenheim Institute of Plant Production and Agroecology in the Tropics and Subtropics(380b)StuttgartGermany Xishuangbanna tropical Botanical Garden the Chinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan 666303China Natural History Museum of Erfurt Germany

The response of insects to monoculture plantations has mainly proceeded at the expense of natural forest areas, and is an outstanding and important issue in ecology and conservation biology, with pollination services declined around the world. In this study, species richness and distribution of hoverfly and wild bee communities were investigated in a changing tropical landscape in southern Yunnan, south-west China by Malaise traps periodically from 2008 to 2009. Species were recorded from the traditional land use types （natural forest, grassland, shrubland and rice field fallows）, and from recently established rubber plantations of different ages. Hoverflies （total 53 species） were most common in young successional stages of vegetation, including rice field fallow and shrubland. Species richness was highest in rice field fallows and lowest in forests and showed a highly significant relationship with the number of forb species and ground vegetation cover. In contrast, the highest richness of wild bees （total 44 species） was recorded from the natural forest sites, which showed a discrete bee community composition compared to the remaining habitat types. There was no significant relationship between the bee species richness and the environmental variables, including the numbers of different plant life forms, coverage of canopy and ground vegetation, successional age of vegetation and land use type. At the landscape scale, open land use systems, including young rubber plantations, are assumed to increase the species richness of hoverflies; however, this might decrease wild bee diversity. The present land use change by rubber cultivation can be expected to have negative impacts on the native wild bee communities.

关键词： Apidae insects pollinators rubber plantations Syrphidae tropical forest

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A review of the sentinel prey method as a way of quantifying invertebrate predation under field conditions

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Insect Science 2017年第4期24卷 528-542页

作者： Gabor L. Lovei Marco Ferrante Department of agroecology Flakkebjerg Research Centre Aarhus University Forsgsvej 1 DK-4200 Slagelse Denmark

Sentinel prey can provide a direct, quantitative measure of predation under field conditions. Live sentinel prey provides more realistic data but rarely allows the partitioning of the total predation pressure; artificial prey is less natural but traces left by different predators are identifiable, making it suitable for comparative studies. We reviewed the available evidence of the use of both types of invertebrate sentinel prey. Fifty- seven papers used real prey, usually measuring predation on a focal （often pest） species, with studies overwhelmingly from North America. The median predation was 25.8% d-1. Artificial sentinel prey （45 papers） were used in both temperate and tropical areas, placed more above ground than at ground level. The most commonly used artificial prey imitated a caterpillar. Up to 14 predator groups were identified, registering a median of 8.8% d J predation; half the studies reported only bird predation. Predation on real prey was higher than on artificial ones, but invertebrate predation was not higher than vertebrate predation. Invertertebrate but not vertebrate predation was negatively related to prey size. Predation near the Equator was not higher than at higher latitudes, nor in cultivated than noncultivated habitats. The use of sentinel prey is not yet standardised in terms of prey size, arrangement, exposure period or data reporting. Due to the simplicity and ease of use of the method, such standardisation may increase the usefulness of comparative studies, contributing to the understanding of the importance and level of predation in various habitats worldwide.

关键词： arthropods artificial caterpillar biological control ecosystem service mortality top-down effects

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Neutral theory in community ecology

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Frontiers in Biology 2008年第1期3卷 1-8页

作者： Shurong ZHOU Dayong ZHANG MOE Key Lab for Biodiversity Science&Ecological Engineering Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China laboratory of Arid agroecology Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

One of the central goals of community ecology is to understand the forces that maintain species diversity within *** traditional niche-assembly theory asserts that species live together in a community only when they differ from one another in resource *** this theory has some difficulties in explaining the diversity often observed in specie-rich communities such as tropical *** an alternative to the niche theory,Hubbell and other ecologists introduced a neutral *** argues that the number of species in a community is controlled by species extinction and immigration or speciation of new *** that all individuals of all species in a trophically similar com-munity are ecologically equivalent,Hubbell’s neutral theory predicts two important statistical *** is the asymptotic log-series distribution for the metacommunities under point mutation speciation,and the other is the zero-sum multinomial distribution for both local communities under dispersal limitation and metacommunities under random fission *** the niche-assembly theory,the neutral theory takes similarity in species and individuals as a starting point for investigating species *** on the fundamental processes of birth,death,dispersal and spe-ciation,the neutral theory provided the first mechanistic explanation of species abundance distribution commonly observed in natural *** the publication of the neutral theory,there has been much discussion about it,pro and *** this paper,we summarize recent progress in the assumption,prediction and speciation mode of the neutral theory,including progress in the theory itself,tests about the assumption of the theory,prediction and speciation mode at the metacommunity *** also suggest that the most important task in the future is to bridge the niche-assembly theory and the neutral theory,and to add species differences to the neutral theory and more stochasticity to the ni

关键词： community neutral theory niche theory species diversity

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Spatial analysis of bacteria in brackish lake sediment

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2020年第3期35卷 227-236页

作者： Jean-Sebastien Beaulne Samir R.Mishra Mrutyunjay Suar Ananta Narayan Panda Gurdeep Rastogi Ajit Kumar Pattnaik Vishakha Raina Timothy M.Vogel Environmental Microbial Genomics Ecole Centrale de LyonUniversite de Lyon ISARA Department of Agroecology and Environment Environmental Biotechnology laboratory School of BiotechnologyKIIT University Wetland Research and Training Center Chilika Development AuthorityDepartment of Forest and EnvironmentGovernment of Odisha

The spatial distribution of bacterial communities inhabiting sediment is heterogeneous at different spatial scales,but mostly ***,it is postulated that the heterogeneity of the bacterial community composition varies at the same scale of the heterogeneity of sediment chemical *** large spatial scale(km) diversity in sediment from a brackish water lagoon(Chilika Lake,India) is studied,considering the large scale physical and chemical characteristics of land cover,climate,pH,and ***-two samples(24 stations,3 seasons:winter,rainy,and summer) of sediment from Chilika Lake were analyzed by 16 S ribosomal ribonucleic acid(rRNA) gene sequencing,and the relations with land cover and other physico-chemical paramete rs are *** re samples were collected after a severe cyclonic storm(Phailin) passed near the lagoon in 2013,to see the impact of the tropical storm on the spatial and tempo ral distribution of bacteria in the *** results demonstrate clear spatial relations between physico-chemical parameters(e.g.,salinity),land surfaces(e.g.,drainage area),and the distribution of sediment microbial communities.

关键词： Salinity 16S rRNA Macro-scale Sediment GIS

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OPPORTUNITIES AND APPROACHES FOR MANIPULATING SOIL-PLANT MICROBIOMES FOR EFFECTIVE CROP NITROGEN USE IN AGROECOSYSTEMS

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2022年第3期9卷 333-343页

作者： Jingjing PENG Olatunde OLADELE Xiaotong SONG Xiaotang JU Zhongjun JIA Hangwei HU Xuejun LIU Shuikuan BEI Anhui GE Limei ZHANG Zhenling CUI College of Resources and Environmental Sciences National Academy of Agriculture Green DevelopmentKey Laboratory of Plant-Soil InteractionsMinistry of EducationChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China State Key laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China College of tropical Crops Hainan UniversityHaikou 570228China Key Labortatory of Mollisols agroecology Northeast Institute of Geography and AgroecologyChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130102China Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC.3010Australia University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China.

Soil microbiomes drive the biogeochemical cycling of nitrogen and regulate soil N supply and loss,thus,pivotal nitrogen use efficiency(NUE).Meanwhile,there is an increasing awareness that plant associated microbiomes and soil food web interactions is vital for modulating crop productivity and N *** rapid advances in modern omics-based techniques and biotechnologies make it possible to manipulate soil-plant microbiomes for improving NUE and reducing N environmental *** paper summarizes current progress in research on regulating soil microbial N cycle processes for NUE improvement,plant-microbe interactions benefiting plant N uptake,and the importance of soil microbiomes in promoting soil health and crop *** also proposes a potential holistic(rhizosphere-root-phyllosphere)microbe-based approach to improve NUE and reduce dependence on mineral N fertilizer in agroecosystems,toward nature-based solution for nutrient management in intensive cropping systems.

关键词： nitrogen microbiome NUE rhizosphere phyllosphere soil food web

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Phenotypic, Cytological and Molecular (AFLP) Analyses of the Cotton Synthetic Allohexaploid Hybrid (G. hirsutum×G. longicalyx)²

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Open Journal of Genetics 2020年第2期10卷 35-49页

作者： N’Guessan Olivier Konan Jean-Marie Jacquemin Jean-Pierre Baudoin Guy Mergeai laboratory of Crop Improvement Agroforestry Unit Jean Lorougnon Guédé University Daloa C&#244 te D’Ivoire laboratory of tropical agroecology Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Liège University Gembloux Belgium Department of Life Sciences Bioengineering Unit Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CrAw) Gembloux Belgium

The wild cotton diploid species (2n = 2x = 26) are important sources of useful traits such as high fiber quality, resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses etc., which can be introgressed into the cultivated tetraploid cotton Gossypium hirsutum L (2n = 4x = 52), for its genetic improvement. The African wild diploid species G. longicalyx Hutchinson and Lee could be used as donor of the desirable traits of fiber fineness and resistance to reniform nematode. However, hybridization of wild diploid species and cultivated tetraploid cotton encounters a sterility problem of the triploid (2n = 3x = 59), mainly due to ploidy. The restoration of the fertility can be done by creating an allohexaploid (2n = 6x = 78) through the doubling with colchicine of the sterile triploid chromosomes. With this method, a synthetic allohexaploid hybrid (G. hirsutum × G. longicalyx)2 has been obtained. This genotype was studied using phenotypic, cytological and molecular (AFLP) analyses in order to confirm its hybridity and its caryotype, and also to verify the expression of the desirable traits coming from G. longicalyx. The studied genotype showed a quite good level of pollen fertility (83%), and apart from larger seeds and some minor seedling anomalies, most of its morphological characteristics were intermediate between the two parental species. It had 78 chromosomes, proving its hexaploid status. Molecular analysis revealed 136 AFLP loci in this hexaploid, all from G. hirsutum and G. longicalyx, demonstrating its hybrid status. In addition, the hexaploid exhibited the useful traits of G. longicalyx with regard to its remarkable fiber fineness and its high resistance to the reniform nematode. This allohexaploid hybrid constitutes an interesting agronomic material, which can be used as a bridge for the transfer of useful agronomic traits from wild species to varieties of G. hirsutum.

关键词： Gossypium spp Hexaploid Hybrid Chromosomes AFLP Marker Plant Breeding

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