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晚白垩世真兽类Zalamdalestes揭示哺乳动物独特的枢椎及其复杂的进化过程

Science Bulletin 2024年第11期69卷 1767-1775页

作者： Patrick Arnold Katarzyna Janiszewska 李茜 Jingmai K.O'Connor Lucja Fostowicz-Frelik Institute of Biochemistry and Biology University of PotsdamPotsdam D-14476Germany Environmental Paleobiology Department Institute of PaleobiologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarsaw 00-818Poland Key laboratory of Evolutionary systematics of vertebrates Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China The Field Museum of Natural History Chicago IL 60605USA Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy The University of ChicagoChicago IL 60637USA Evolutionary Paleobiology Department Institute of PaleobiologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarsaw 00-818Poland

The typical mammalian neck consisting of seven cervical vertebrae(C1–C7)was established by the Late Permian in the cynodont forerunners of modern *** structure is precisely adapted to facilitate movements of the head during feeding,locomotion,predator evasion,and social ***,the clade including crown placentals,has a fossil record extending back more than 125 million years revealing significant morphological diversification in the *** very little is known concerning the early evolution of eutherian cervical morphology and its functional adaptations.A specimen of Zalambdalestes lechei from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia boasts exceptional preservation of an almost complete series of cervical vertebrae(C2–C7)revealing a highly modified axis(C2).The significance of this cervical morphology is explored utilizing an integrated approach combining comparative anatomical examination across mammals,muscle reconstruction,geometric morphometrics and virtual range of motion *** compared the shape of the axis in Zalambdalestes to a dataset of 88 mammalian species(monotremes,marsupials,and placentals)using three-dimensional landmark *** results indicate that the unique axis morphology of Zalambdalestes has no close analog among living *** range of motion analysis of the neck strongly implies Zalambdalestes was capable of exerting very forceful head movements and had a high degree of ventral flexion for an animal its *** findings reveal unexpected complexity in the early evolution of the eutherian cervical morphology and suggest a feeding behavior similar to insectivores specialized in vermivory and defensive behaviors in Zalambdalestes akin to modern spiniferous mammals.

关键词： Atlas Axis Vertebral column Stem placental Morphology paleoecology

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Redescription of Cobitis longipectoralis Zhou, 1992 (Cypriniformes: Cobitidae) from late early Miocene of East China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2010年第7期53卷 945-955页

作者： CHANG Mee-Mann Key laboratory of Evolutionary systematics of vertebrates Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Palaeoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Here we revise a fossil cobitid species ■Cobitis longipectoralis Zhou, 1992, based mainly on a well-preserved specimen collected recently from the taxon’s type locality of the late early Miocene of Shanwang, Shandong Province, East China. The new specimen, along with those collected by Zhou, enables us to provide an emended diagnosis and more detailed description of the species by focusing on the characters such as the structures of the suborbital spine and the presence and shape of the lamina circularis at the base of the second pectoral fin ray in adult males, the presence of a frontoparietal fontanelle, and a quad- rate-metapterygoid fenestra, etc. The long pectoral fin, initially considered by Zhou as the most important character of the spe- cies, however, turns out to be not diagnostic for the species. ■Cobitis longipectoralis Zhou, 1992 is not only the most informative and best-preserved early cobitid fossil known thus far but also the only and earliest cobitid fossil from East Asia.

关键词： Cobitis longipectoralis late early Miocene East China

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Pliocene cyprinids (Cypriniformes,Teleostei) from Kunlun Pass Basin,northeastern Tibetan Plateau and their bearings on development of water system and uplift of the area

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中国科学：地球科学英文版 2010年第4期53卷 485-500页

作者： CHANG Mee-mann Key laboratory of Evolutionary systematics of vertebrates Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of Sciences

Here described are the cyprinid fossils from the Pliocene Lower Member of Qiangtang Formation of the Kunlun Pass Basin,northeastern Tibetan Plateau,collected at a locality 4769 m above the sea level(asl).The materials consist of numerous disarticulated and incomplete bones as well as thousands of pharyngeal teeth,fin rays,and *** fossils were referred to the genus Gymnocypris,lineage Schizothoracini,family Cyprinidae;the lineage Schizothoracini;and the family Cyprinidae *** Schizothoracini is a freshwater fish group endemic to the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding *** workers on living schizothoracins regarded that Gymnocypris belongs to the highly specialized grade of the group,colonizing higher altitudes than other members of the *** species are so far unequivocally assigned to the genus,i.e.,*** and ***,and they are inhabiting Qinghai Lake and the waters on both north(the Golmud River) and south(upper reach of the Yellow River) sides of the East Kunlun Mountain,*** abundant fossil schizothoracins occur in the Kunlun Pass Basin on the southern slope of the East Kunlun Mountain(at 4769 m asl),close to the present Golmud River,indicating comparatively rich waters in the area and possible connections between the water systems on north and south sides of the East Kunlun Mountain during the *** also suggests a more humid climate in the area during the Pliocene than it is *** presence of the highly specialized schizothoracin Gymnocypris may also imply less amplitude of uplift(approximately 1000 m) in the area since the Pliocene than previously proposed.

关键词： Gymnocypris Schizothoracini Pliocene Kunlun Pass Basin of northeastern Tibetan Plateau development of water system uplift of the area

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A new Eocene catostomid (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) from northeastern China and early divergence of Catostomidae

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Science China Earth Sciences 2009年第2期52卷 189-202页

作者： CHANG Mee-mann Key laboratory of Evolutionary systematics of vertebrates Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences

A new Eocene catostomid genus and species,Plesiomyxocyprinus arratiae, is described from Huadian, Jilin Province, northeastern China. The materials include a nearly complete skeleton, dozens of pharyngeal bones with teeth, and a number of disarticulated bones. The new articulated specimen is large-sized and deep-bodied, with an estimated standard length of ca. 300 mm and body depth of 156 mm or about half of its standard length. The assignment of the fish to the Catostomidae is based on its falciform pharyngeal bone with one row of numerous (more than 50) compressed teeth, and the bone is much smaller than in cyprinids, especially given the size of the fish. The new fish distinguishes itself from all known catostomids (both extinct and extant) in its long anal fin with four unbranched and 17-18 branched rays, and its extremely short caudal peduncle that is only about one fourth of its depth. Plesiomyxocyprinus arratiae resembles the Eocene-Oligocene transpacific-distributed Amyzon in many general skeletal characters. However, it shows a few characters uniquely shared with the Recent catostomid Myxocyprinus asiaticus. Those include a very long dorsal fin with about 50 branched fin rays, the end of dorsal fin rays being close to the caudal fin base, and anal rays stretching posteriorly beyond the base of caudal fin. It is the first fossil catostomid that shows a close relationship to the endemic Myxocyprinus now living in the Yangtze River and Minjiang River, China. The discovery of Plesiomyxocyprinus arratiae, along with two previously described possible catostomid genera Jianghanichthys and Vasnetzovia, may indicate that the divergence of the Catostomidae started much earlier, in the middle Eocene or earlier, on the western side of the Pacific than on its eastern side.

关键词： a new catostomid genus Eocene northeastern China early divergence

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Discovery of fossil Nemacheilids (Cypriniformes,Teleostei,Pisces) from the Tibetan Plateau,China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2012年第5期55卷 714-727页

作者： WANG Ning CHANG Mee-mann Key laboratory of Evolutionary systematics of vertebrates Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of Sciences

Here described are the nemacheilid fossils from the Pliocene Lower Member of Qiangtang Formation in the Kunlun Pass Basin,northeastern Tibetan Plateau,at a locality 4769 m above the sea level (a.s.l.).The materials consist of numerous disarticulated and incomplete *** fish remains are assigned to the Nemacheilidae based on the fused compound centrum of the 2nd and 3rd vertebrae with developed bifurcate lateral processes of the 2nd *** fossils also include the maxilla,the dentary,the anguloarticular,the quadrate,the hyomandibular,the opercle,the basihyal,the urohyal,the anterior ceratohyal,the posterior ceratohyal,the interhyal and the *** bones are very similar to their counterparts in some species of a Recent nemacheilid genus,Triplophysa (Nemacheilidae,Cypriniformes),which is widely distributed on the Tibetan *** nemacheilid fossils are much more abundant than the remains of schizothoracines embedded in the same horizon at the same *** would imply that the number of individuals of Triplophysa was much higher than that of schizothoracines when they were alive in the *** Recent ichthyofauna of the Tibetan Plateau,Triplophysa prevails over schizothoracines in the number of individuals in the high elevations and small water *** on the fossil dominance of Triplophysa over schizothoracines and their taphonomical conditions,it appears that the water system at the Kunlun Pass area during the Pliocene might not be extensive lakes or large rivers with broad *** might have been a few mountainous,relatively torrential rivers with many small,shallow streams connecting the water systems from the north and south of the East Kunlun *** environment of the Kunlun Pass Basin area during the Pliocene must be very harsh,and the altitude of the area might already have been higher than we previously *** uplift of the area must be less than 1000 m since the Pliocene.

关键词： Nemacheilidae Triplophysa Pliocene Kunlun Pass Basin northeastern Tibetan Plateau

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The origin of the vertebrate jaw:Intersection between developmental biology-based model and fossil evidence

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2012年第30期57卷 3819-3828页

作者： GAI ZhiKun ZHU Min Key laboratory of Evolutionary systematics of vertebrates Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China

The origin of the vertebrate jaw has been reviewed based on the molecular,developmental and paleontological *** in developmental genetics have accumulated to propose the heterotopy theory of jaw evolution,*** jaw evolved as a novelty through a heterotopic shift of mesenchyme-epithelial *** to this theory,the disassociation of the nasohypophyseal complex is a fundamental prerequisite for the origin of the jaw,since the median position of the nasohypophyseal placode in cyclostome head development precludes the forward growth of the neural-crest-derived craniofacial *** potential impacts of this disassociation on the origin of the diplorhiny are also discussed from the molecular *** far,our study on the cranial anatomy of galeaspids,a 435-370-million-year-old 'ostracoderm' group from China and northern Vietnam,has provided the earliest fossil evidence for the disassociation of nasohypophyseal complex in vertebrate *** Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Tomography,we further show some derivative structures of the trabeculae(*** lamina,ethmoid plate) in jawless galeaspids,which provide new insights into the reorganization of the vertebrate head before the evolutionary origin of the *** anatomical observations based on new techniques highlight the possibility that galeaspids are,in many respects,a better proxy than osteostracans for reconstructing the pre-gnathostome condition of the rostral part of the *** cranial anatomy of galeaspids reveals a number of derived characters uniquely shared with *** raises the potential possibility that galeaspids might be the closest jawless relatives of jawed *** study provides an intriguing example of intersection between developmental biology-based model and fossil evidence.

关键词：进化起源脊椎动物发育生物学化石证据基础模型路口动物系统发育

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A deep-bodied ginglymodian fish from the Middle Triassic of eastern Yunnan Province,China,and the phylogeny of lower neopterygians

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2012年第1期57卷 111-118页

作者： XU GuangHui WU FeiXiang Key laboratory of Evolutionary systematics of vertebrates Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China

The Ginglymodi are a group of ray-finned fishes that make up one of three major subdivisions of the infraclass ***- tant ginglymodians are represented by gars,which inhabit freshwater environments of North and Central America and ***, we report the discovery of well-preserved fossils of a new ginglymodian,Kyphosichthys grandei *** ***.,from the Middle Triassic(Anisian)marine deposits(Guanling Formation)in Luoping,eastern Yunnan Province,*** discovery documents the first known fossil record of highly deep-bodied ginglymodians,adding new information on the early morphological diversity of this *** studies of functional morphology of extant deep-bodied fishes indicate that Kyphosichthys is not a fast swim- mer but has a good performance in precise maneuvering,representing a morphological adaptation to structurally complex habitats (*** macrophyte beds,rocky areas,or coral reefs),which differs from the other members of this group.A cladistic analysis with the new fish taxon included supports the hypothesis that the Ginglymodi are more closely related to the Halecomorphi than to the *** by Felberia,Kyphosichthys,and Dapedium,a highly deep and short fish body type has inde- pendently evolved at least three times in the stem-group neopterygians,ginglymodians,and basal teleosts within the lower neop- terygians of the Triassic.

关键词：中三叠世鳍鱼类云南省系统发育中国化石记录形态多样性游泳运动员

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A new early cyprinin from Oligocene of South China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2011年第4期54卷 481-492页

作者： CHEN GengJiao CHANG Mee-mann Natural History Museum ofGuangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Nanning 530012 China Key laboratory of Evolutionary systematics of vertebrates Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China

Here we describe tHuashancyprinus robustispinus, gen. et sp. nov, a fossil cyprinin fish from the Oligocene of Ningming Ba- sin, Guangxi, South China. It differs from all other cyprinin fishes in the following apomorphic characters： extremely robust last unbranched dorsal and anal fin rays with very fine serrations along posterior edge, the crowns of pharyngeal teeth A2 and A3 with a number of deep grooves on the lateral wall, rather large A3, and relatively deep infraorbital 2. Among the members of the Tribe Cyprinini sensu stricto, it mostly resembles the extant genus Cyprinus, particularly to species Cyprinus micristius and C. fuxianensis, which are restricted to Yunnan, southwestern China. The discovery of the cyprinin Huashancyprinus from southern China, along with the previously known late Eocene tCyprinus maomingensis, indicates an early branching of the Cyprininae （Cyprinidae） in this area.

关键词： new early cyprinin Oligocene South China

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First ceratopsid dinosaur from China and its biogeographical implications

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第16期55卷 1631-1635页

作者： XU Xing WANG KeBai ZHAO XiJin LI DunJing Key laboratory of Evolutionary systematics of vertebrates Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology & Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China Bureau of Tourism Zhucheng Zhucheng 262200 China

Ceratopsid dinosaurs represent one of the best known dinosaur groups in the Late Cretaceous, and their unquestionable fossil re-cords are exclusively restricted to western North *** we report a new ceratopsid dinosaur, Sinoceratops zhuchengensis *** ***., from the Upper Cretaceous Wangshi Group of Zhucheng, Shandong Province, *** analysis places this new taxon as the only known ceratopsid from outside North America, in a basal position within the *** is con-siderably larger than most other centrosaurines but similar in size to basal ***, it is more similar to chasmosaurines than to other centrosaurines in several features, thus blurring the distinction of the two ceratopsid *** new find not only provides significant information on the morphological transition from non-ceratopsid to ceratopsid dinosaurs, but also complicates the biogeography of the Ceratopsidae, and further demonstrates that fossil sampling has profound effects on reconstructing dinosaurian biogeography.

关键词：生物地理学恐龙中国化石记录晚白垩世分支系统地理形态白垩纪

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Identification of Zhoukoudian Homo erectus brain asymmetry using 3D laser scanning

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2011年第21期56卷 2215-2220页

作者： WU XiuJie PAN Lei Key laboratory of Evolutionary systematics of vertebrates Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Endocasts are important materials used for the study of human brain evolution,and allow examination of the external features of brain anatomy from the inside the *** examining brain asymmetries in fossil hominids are usually limited to scoring of differences in hemisphere protrusion rostrally and caudally,or to comparing the width of the *** the present study,using 3D laser scanning,we examined asymmetries of the hemisphere volumes and surface areas in the Zhoukoudain (ZKD) Homo erectus,dated to 0.4-0.8 *** with modern endocasts,we found that the absolute hemisphere volumes and surface areas exhibited no significant asymmetries in the ZKD or in modern ***,the relative hemisphere volumes against surface areas differed between the two *** comparing the relative sizes between the left and right hemispheres,the ZKD specimens exhibited a greater variation than in the modern humans;there were no differences in the two hemispheres in the ZKD specimens,while in the modern endocasts the left hemisphere was significantly greater than the right *** data suggest that brain asymmetries originated from relative brain sizes rather than absolute brain volumes during human *** anatomical changes are likely related to the origin of human brain lateralization.

关键词：三维激光扫描脑不对称周口店人类大脑不对称性识别人脑南半球

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