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Spatial Variation in CO_(2) Concentration Improves the Simulated Surface Air Temperature Increase in the Northern Hemisphere

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第8期41卷 1614-1628,1676-1685页

作者： Jing PENG Li DAN Xiba TANG CAS Key laboratory of regional climate-environment for temperate east asia Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms(LACS) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsBeijing 100029China

The increasing concentration of atmospheric CO_(2) since the Industrial Revolution has affected surface air ***,the impact of the spatial distribution of atmospheric CO_(2) concentration on surface air temperature biases remains highly *** incorporating the spatial distribution of satellite-derived atmospheric CO_(2) concentration in the Beijing Normal University Earth System Model,this study investigated the increase in surface air temperature since the Industrial Revolution in the Northern Hemisphere(NH) under historical conditions from *** comparison with the increase in surface temperature simulated using a uniform distribution of CO_(2),simulation with a nonuniform distribution of CO_(2)produced better agreement with the Climatic Research Unit(CRU) data in the NH under the historical condition relative to the baseline over the period *** June-July-August(JJA) surface air temperature increased by 1.28℃ ±0.29℃ in simulations with a uniform distribution of CO_(2),by 1.00℃±0.24℃ in simulations with a non-uniform distribution of CO_(2),and by 0.24℃ in the CRU *** decrease in downward shortwave radiation in the non-uniform CO_(2) simulation was primarily attributable to reduced warming in Eurasia,combined with feedbacks resulting from increased leaf area index(LAI) and latent heat *** effects were more pronounced in the non-uniform CO_(2)simulation compared to the uniform CO_(2) *** indicate that consideration of the spatial distribution of CO_(2)concentration can reduce the overestimated increase in surface air temperature simulated by Earth system models.

关键词： spatial variations of CO_(2) surface air temperature Earth system model land surface albedo leaf area index

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高纬度连续多年冻土区野火燃烧碳排放的加速上升（英文）

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Science Bulletin 2024年第15期 2430-2438页

作者：朱星儒贾根锁徐希燕 Key laboratory of regional climate-environment for temperate east asia Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Wildfires over permafrost put perennially frozen carbon at risk. However, wildfire emissions from biomass burning over the diverse range of permafrost regions and their share in global wildfire emissions have not been revealed. The results showed a dramatic increase in wildfire carbon emissions from permafrost regions over the period 1997–2021. The share of permafrost in global wildfire CO2emissions increased from 2.42% in 1997 to 20.86% in 2021. Accelerating wildfire emissions from continuous permafrost region is the single largest contributor to increased emissions in northern permafrost ***-induced emissions from 2019 to 2021 alone accounted for approximately 40% of the 25-year total CO2emissions from continuous permafrost regions. The rise in wildfire emissions from continuous permafrost regions is explained by desiccation within a 5–10 cm soil depth, where wildfires combust belowground fuel. These findings highlight the acceleration of fire-induced carbon emissions from continuous permafrost regions, which disturb the organic carbon stock and accelerate the positive feedback between permafrost degradation and climate warming, thus stimulating permafrost towards a climatic tipping point.

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How the enhanced east asian summer monsoon regulates total gross primary production in eastern China

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Advances in climate Change Research 2024年第2期15卷 244-252页

作者： Ming-Yu HAN Yong ZHANG Jing PENG China State Key laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China China Meteorological Administration Institute for Development and Programme Design Beijing 100081China CAS Key laboratory of regional climate-environment for temperate east asia Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100029China

Recognizing the relationship between gross primary production(GPP)and precipitation in eastern China,the east asian Summer Monsoon(EASM)plays a crucial role in shaping *** confirmation of the strong link between EASM and GPP,there remains a notable research gap in understanding the specific impact of the EASM on GPP in different regions of eastern *** we used simulations from Trends in Net Land-Atmosphere Carbon Exchanges(TRENDY)models from 1951 to 2010 and divided eastern China into five subregions for the *** also used the New east asian Summer Monsoon Index(NEWI)as a quantitative metric to distinguish between periods of strong and weak *** on this,this study aims to investigate the response of GPP in different subregions of eastern ***,under strengthened EASM years(1954,1957,1965,1969,1977,1980,1983,1987,1993 and 1998),east China experienced the most pronounced increase in GPP at 12±21(mean±1 sigma)gC m^(-2) mon^(-1) compared to the weak EASM years(1958,1961,1972,1973,1978,1981,1985,1994,1997 and 2004).In contrast,Southwest China showed a decline in GPP at-4±10 gC m^(-2) mon^(-1).Moreover,GPP also increased in Northeast and North China when EASM strengthened,while South China showed a decline in *** indicated that GPP changed with monsoon *** to the mechanism analysis,during strong EASM,there was intense moisture convergence through alterations in the atmospheric circulation field over east China and abundant precipitation,which further contributed to the increase in *** solar radiation in Southwest China decreased with EASM enhancement,which suppressed GPP and hindered vegetation ***,the results highlight the importance of accurately predicting the impact of different EASM intensities of regional carbon fluxes.

关键词： Gross primary production Surface air temperature Precipitation Solar radiation eastern China Carbon cycle

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Contribution of high-latitude permafrost regions in the Northern Hemisphere to global wildfire carbon emissions

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年

作者： Xingru ZHU Xiyan XU Gensuo JIA Key laboratory of regional climate-environment for east asia Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Wildfires are major disturbances in permafrost ecosystems, with increasing frequency and intensity in recent years. In permafrost regions, wildfires not only burn surface and subsurface organic matter but also accelerate permafrost thawing,releasing significant amounts of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane into the atmosphere. However, the contribution of high-latitude permafrost regions in the Northern Hemisphere to global wildfire carbon emissions remains poorly understood. This study integrates remote sensing data and ground observations to analyze the contributions of aboveground and belowground fuel combustion in high-latitude permafrost regions to global wildfire carbon emissions from 2002 to 2020, as well as the spatiotemporal variations in these contributions. Our findings indicate that permafrost regions contribute approximately11.96%of global wildfire carbon emissions, with aboveground emissions accounting for approximately 3.94%of global aboveground emissions and belowground emissions contributing approximately 63.57%of global belowground emissions. The contribution of high-latitude permafrost regions to global emissions peaked in July and August, whereas the continuous permafrost zones (areas with more than 90%permafrost coverage) showed the most significant increase in June and July. The contributions of both aboveground and belowground emissions from high-latitude permafrost regions to global wildfire emissions have been increasing, primarily due to the reduction in global wildfire emissions, in contrast with the rising emissions from wildfires in high-latitude permafrost regions. This study highlights the significant role of wildfires, particularly the combustion of belowground biomass in high-latitude permafrost regions, in global carbon emissions. The decomposition and combustion of organic carbon in permafrost regions due to wildfires release more greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, potentially amplifying the positive feedback be

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Preface to the Special Issue on Causes, Impacts, and Predictability of Droughts for the Past, Present, and Future

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 191-192页

作者： Tianbao ZHAO Aiguo DAI Jianping HUANG Lixia ZHANG Key laboratory of regional climate-environment Research for temperate east asia Institute of Atmospheric Physics(IAP)Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100029China Department of Atmospheric and environmental Sciences University at AlbanySUNYAlbanyNew York 80307USA Key laboratory for Semi-Arid climate Change of the Ministry of Education Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China State Key laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics(LASG) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

Drought is a recurring dry condition with below-normal precipitation and is often associated with warm temperatures or heatwaves. A drought event can develop slowly over several weeks or suddenly within days, commonly under abnormal atmospheric conditions(e.g., quasi-stationary high-pressure systems), and can persist for weeks, months, or even years.

关键词： drought within suddenly

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Will the Globe Encounter the Warmest Winter after the Hottest Summer in 2023?

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第4期41卷 581-586页

作者： Fei ZHENG Shuai HU Jiehua MA Lin WANG Kexin LI Bo WU Qing BAO Jingbei PENG Chaofan LI Haifeng ZONG Yao YAO Baoqiang TIAN Hong CHEN Xianmei LANG Fangxing FAN Xiao DONG Yanling ZHAN Tao ZHU Tianjun ZHOU Jiang ZHU International Center for climate and environment Science(ICCES) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China State Key laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics(LASG) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre(NZC) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Center for Monsoon System Research(CMSR) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China CAS Key Lab of regional climate-environment for temperate east asia(RCE-TEA) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

In the boreal summer and autumn of 2023,the globe experienced an extremely hot period across both oceans and *** consecutive record-breaking mean surface temperature has caused many to speculate upon how the global temperature will evolve in the coming 2023/24 boreal *** this report,as shown in the multi-model ensemble mean(MME)prediction released by the Institute of Atmospheric Physics at the Chinese Academy of Sciences,a medium-to-strong eastern Pacific El Niño event will reach its mature phase in the following 2−3 months,which tends to excite an anomalous anticyclone over the western North Pacific and the Pacific-North American teleconnection,thus serving to modulate the winter climate in east asia and North *** some uncertainty due to unpredictable internal atmospheric variability,the global mean surface temperature(GMST)in the 2023/24 winter will likely be the warmest in recorded history as a consequence of both the El Niño event and the long-term global warming ***,the middle and low latitudes of Eurasia are expected to experience an anomalously warm winter,and the surface air temperature anomaly in China will likely exceed 2.4 standard deviations above climatology and subsequently be recorded as the warmest winter since ***,the necessary early warnings are still reliable in the timely updated mediumterm numerical weather forecasts and sub-seasonal-to-seasonal prediction.

关键词： winter climate El Niño seasonal forecast GMST

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Characteristics of super drought in Southwest China and the associated compounding effect of multiscalar anomalies

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第7期67卷 2084-2102页

作者： Lin WANG Wen CHEN Gang HAUNG Ting WANG Qiulin WANG Xiaoyun SU Zixuan REN Chakrit CHOTAMONSAK Atsamon LIMSAKUL Kritanai TORSRI CAS Key laboratory of regional climate-environment for temperate east asia Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Heavy Rain and Drought-Flood Disasters in Plateau and Basin Key laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu 610072China Department of Atmospheric Science Yunnan UniversityKunming 650500China State Key laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Carbon Neutrality Research Center Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Hangzhou Meteorological Bureau Hangzhou 310051China Center for Monsoon System Research Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Department of Geography Faculty of Social SciencesChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand environmental Science Research Center Faculty of ScienceChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand climate Change and environmental Research Center TechnopolisKlong 5Klong LuangPathumthani 12120Thailand Hydro-Informatics Innovation Division Hydro-Informatics InstituteMinistry of Higher EducationScienceResearch and InnovationBangkok 10900Thailand

In recent decades,Southwest China(SWC)has suffered from frequent super droughts,leading to severe economic losses and ecological *** study investigates the characteristics of super droughts in SWC during 1961-2022,reveals the compounding effect of multiscalar anomalies,and explores the plausible atmospheric circulation mechanisms *** nature of super drought is a compound drought caused by the superposition of extreme drought events across multiple time *** contrasting the typical drought cases in 2006 and 2022,the decisive role of multiscalar drought compounding is *** on the Comprehensive Multiscalar Index(CMI),multiple super drought events in SWC were identified to be temporally clustered during *** them,the decadal background of enhanced evaporation and precipitation deficit at long time scales is a necessary condition for shaping the overall pattern of super droughts,while the precipitation and evaporation anomalies at short time scales trigger the outbreak of super droughts,determining the exact timing of *** events include August-September 2006,November 2009 to May 2010,July-October 2011,April-May 2012,January-April 2013,*** results suggest that the contribution of superposed precipitation anomalies to super drought is 2.4 times that of *** regards the circulation mechanisms affecting multiscalar precipitation,the anomalous spatial patterns at short-term and long-term scales are similar,featuring the cyclonic circulation over the South China Sea and the northeasterly wind anomalies together with the subsidence center over *** 2006-2014,the possible causes for the cross-seasonal persistent precipitation reduction in SWC are the extreme negative phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO)in the North Pacific as well as the pronounced warming of the warm pool in the western *** key dynamic processes are outlined as *** the one hand,the negative PDO p

关键词： Super drought Multiscalar Compounding effect Mechanism analysis Southwest China

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中国碳收支:1980～2021年（英文）

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Science Bulletin 2024年第1期 114-124页

作者：夏晓圣任培阳王旭辉刘丹陈修治丹利何斌何洪林居为民梁敏琪陆星劼彭静覃章才夏江周郑博魏静乐旭于贵瑞朴世龙袁文平 School of Atmospheric Sciences Guangdong Province Data Center of Terrestrial and Marine Ecosystems Carbon Cycle Sun Yat-sen University Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University State Key laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Resources and Environment Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Key laboratory of regional climate-environment for temperate east asia Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology College of Global Change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal University Synthesis Research Center of China's Ecosystem Research Network Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences International Institute for Earth System Science Nanjing University Tianjin Key laboratory of Water Resources and environment Tianjin Normal University Institute of environment and Ecology Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University Jiangsu Key laboratory of Atmospheric environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology School of Environmental Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology

As one of the world’s largest emitters of greenhouse gases,China has set itself the ambitious goal of achieving carbon peaking and carbon ***,it is crucial to quantify the magnitude and trend of sources and sinks of atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO2),and to monitor China’s progress toward these *** state-of-the-art datasets and models,this study comprehensively estimated the anthropogenic CO2emissions from energy,industrial processes and product use,and waste along with natural sources and sinks of CO2for all of China during *** recognize the differences among various methods of estimating greenhouse emissions,the estimates are compared with China’s National Greenhouse Gas Inventories(NGHGIs) for 1994,2005,2010,2012,and *** CO2emissions in China have increased by 7.39 times from 1980 to 12.77 Gt CO2a-1in *** benefiting from ecological projects(e.g., Three Norths Shelter Forest System Project),the land carbon sink in China has reached 1.65 Gt CO2a-1averaged through 2010-2021,which is almost 15.81 times that of the carbon sink in the *** average,China’s terrestrial ecosystems offset 14.69%±2.49% of anthropogenic CO2emissions through *** provincial-level administrative regions of China,Xizang and Qinghai,have achieved carbon neutrality according to our estimates,but nearly half of the administrative regions of China have terrestrial carbon sink offsets of less than 10% of anthropogenic *** study indicated a high level of consistency between NGHGIs and various datasets used for estimating fossil CO2emissions,but found notable differences for land carbon *** estimates of the terrestrial carbon sinks of NGHGIs urgently need to be verified with process-based models which integrate the comprehensive carbon cycle processes.

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Degeneration of foundation cushion species induced by ecological constraints can cause massive changes in alpine plant communities

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第4期67卷 789-802页

作者： Jianguo Chen Xufang Chen Lishen Qian Yazhou Zhang Bo Li Honghua Shi Lu Sun Christian Schöb Hang Sun Key laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of east asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China College of Resources and environment Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming 650500China Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación Universidad Rey Juan CarlosMóstoles 28933Spain

Foundational cushion plants can re-organize community structures and sustain a prominent proportion of alpine biodiversity,but they are sensitive to climate *** loss of cushion species can have broad consequences for associated *** potential plant community changes with the population dynamics of cushion plants remain,however,*** eight plant communities along a climatic and community successional gradient,we assessed cushion population dynamics,the underlying ecological constraints and hence associated plant community changes in alpine communities dominated by the foundational cushion plant Arenaria *** population dynamics of Arenaria are attributed to ecological constraints at a series of life history *** functions are constrained by increasing associated beneficiary plants;subsequent seedling establishment is constrained by temperature,water and light availability,extreme climate events,and interspecific competition;strong competitive exclusion may accelerate mortality and degeneration of cushion *** with cushion dynamics,species composition,abundance and community structure gradually *** cushion plants completely degenerate,previously cushion-dominated communities shift to relatively stable communities that are overwhelmingly dominated by *** warming may accelerate the degeneration process of *** of this foundational cushion plant will possibly induce massive changes in alpine plant communities and hence ecosystem functions in alpine *** assessment of the population dynamics of foundation species is critical for an effective conservation of alpine biodiversity.

关键词： alpine ecosystem biodiversity change climate change plant community dynamics foundation species global warming population dynamics

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Historical biogeography and evolutionary diversification of Lilium(Liliaceae): New insights from plastome phylogenomics

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Plant Diversity 2024年第2期46卷 219-228页

作者： Nian Zhou Ke Miao Changkun Liu Linbo Jia Jinjin Hu Yongjiang Huang Yunheng Ji CAS Key laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of east asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650201China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Key laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610065China Yunnan Key laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Population Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650201China

Here, we infer the historical biogeography and evolutionary diversification of the genus Lilium. For this purpose, we used the complete plastomes of 64 currently accepted species in the genus Lilium(14plastomes were newly sequenced) to recover the phylogenetic backbone of the genus and a timecalibrated phylogenetic framework to estimate biogeographical history scenarios and evolutionary diversification rates of Lilium. Our results suggest that ancient climatic changes and geological tectonic activities jointly shaped the distribution range and drove evolutionary radiation of Lilium, including the Middle Miocene climate Optimum(MMCO), the late Miocene global cooling, as well as the successive uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP) and the strengthening of the monsoon climate in east asia during the late Miocene and the Pliocene. This case study suggests that the unique geological and climatic events in the Neogene of east asia, in particular the uplift of QTP and the enhancement of monsoonal climate, may have played an essential role in formation of uneven distribution of plant diversity in the Northern Hemisphere.

关键词： asian monsoon Climatic changes Distribution range Evolutionary complexity Radiative diversification Species diversity Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)

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