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Artemisia annua, artemisinin, and the Nobel Prize:beauty of natural products and educational significance

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Science Bulletin 2016年第1期61卷 42-44页

作者： De-Yu Xie Department of plant and microbial biology North Carolina State University

In the beautiful evening on December 10,2015(local time in Sweden),the annual Nobel Prize ceremony was hosted by the Swedish Royal Family at Stockholm’s City Hall,Stockholm,*** to all ten new Nobel Prize Laureates and thanks them for using their brightest talents to make our world better!The 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Professors Youyou Tu,William ***,and Satoshi Omura

关键词：诺贝尔奖获得者青蒿素教育意义天然产品诺贝尔生理学或医学奖斯德哥尔摩颁奖典礼天然产物

plant latent defense response to microbial non-pathogenic factors antagonizes compatibility

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National Science Review 2022年第8期9卷 26-34页

作者： Yu Yang Shenglan Chen Xiaoxuan Wu Li Peng Juan I.Vílchez Richa Kaushal Xiaomin Liu Sunil K.Singh Danxia He Fengtong Yuan Suhui Lv Rafael J.L.Morcillo Wei Wang Weichang Huang Mingguang Lei Jian-Kang Zhu Paul W.Paré Huiming Zhang Shanghai Center for plant Stress biology Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Texas Tech University

Unlike microbe-associated molecular patterns(MAMPs) that are readily targeted by host immunity,microbial non-pathogenic factors(NPFs) appear negligible as they do not elicit defense. Little is known about whether and how NPFs may be monitored by hosts to control compatibility. Herein, a forward genetic screening isolated an Arabidopsis mutant with a loss of plant-rhizobacteria mutualism, leading to the disclosure of a plant latent defense response(LDR) to NPFs. The activation of LDR in the mutant,named rol1 for regulator of LDR 1, is triggered by several non-pathogenic volatile organic compounds and antagonizes plant compatibility with the beneficial bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens GB03. The activation of LDR in rol1 is mediated through the prokaryotic pathway of chloroplastic lipid *** rol1 root microbiome showed a reduced proportion of the Bacillaceae family. We propose that, parallel to the forefront immunity to MAMPs, LDR to certain NPFs provides a hidden layer of defense for controlling compatibility with commensal or beneficial microbes.

关键词： microbial non-pathogenic factors latent defense response compatibility plant-beneficial bacteria chloroplastic lipid biosynthesis

Temporal–spatial distribution and diastereoisomer pattern of hexabromocyclododecane in the vicinity of a chemical plant

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第8期31卷 203-212页

作者： Xinlei Wang Ruirui Sun Yuedong Chen Xu Zhang Zhaojie Cui School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shandong University Department of plant and microbial biology University of Zurich

Hexabromocyclododecane(HBCD) is an effective brominated flame-retardant additive, which is mainly produced in the coastal area of China. This study collected soil samples from a HBCD production plant and its surrounding area in Weifang, Shandong Province, China, and analyzed the temporal–spatial distribution of HBCD and its diastereoisomers in soil. The analysis results showed that the concentration of HBCD in soil near the plant was much higher than normal values, with an annual average concentration reaching 5405 ng/g. Soils 1,2 and 4 km away from the plant were also analyzed, showing that the concentration of HBCD in soil decreased accordingly with the distance from the pollution sources. In order to investigate the effect of the season on HBCD content, the soil samples were collected in all four seasons of the year 2017–2018. According to variations in the wind direction, the concentration of HBCD in soil was also changed. The distribution trend showed that the concentration of HBCD in soil in the downwind direction of the prevailing wind was higher than that in the upwind direction. In addition, this work analyzed the distribution of HBCD in vertical soil sections. It was found that the concentration of HBCD decreased with depth in the soil vertical profile. Finally, the various diastereoisomer patterns in the soil compartments were examined, finding that α-HBCD and γ-HBCD were the predominant diastereoisomers in the soil of the study area.

关键词： Hexabromocyclododecane(HBCD) Temporal–spatial distribution Diastereoisomers Seasonal variation Soil

CIPK9: a calcium sensor-interacting protein kinase required for low-potassium tolerance in Arabidopsis

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Cell Research 2007年第5期17卷 411-421页

作者： Girdhar K Pandey Yong Hwa Cheong Beom-Gi Kim John J Grant Legong Li Department of plant and microbial biology University of CaliforniaBerkeley CA 94720USA

Potassium is one of the major macro-nutrients essential for a number of cellular processes in plants. Low potassiumlevel in the soil represents a limiting factor for crop production. Recent studies have identified potassium transporters thatare involved in potassium acquisition, and some of them are critical for potassium nutrition under low potassium condi-tions. However, little is understood on the molecular components involved in low potassium signaling and responses. Wereport here the identification of a calcineurin B-like protein-interacting protein kinase （CIPK9） as a critical regulator oflow potassium response in Arabidopsis. The CIPK9 gene was responsive to abiotic stress conditions, and its transcriptwas inducible in both roots and shoots by potassium deprivation. Disruption of CIPK9 function rendered the mutantplants hypersensitive to low potassium media. Further analysis indicated that K+uptake and content were not affected inthe mutant plants, implying CIPK9 in the regulation of potassium utilization or sensing processes.

关键词： calcium calcineurin-B like protein protein kinase potassium nutrition signal transduction

The Cyclophilin AtCYP71 Interacts with CAF-1 and LHP1 and Functions in Multiple Chromatin Remodeling Processes

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Molecular plant 2011年第4期4卷 748-758页

作者： Hong Li Sheng Luan Department of plant and microbial biology University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA

Chromatin is the primary carrier of epigenetic information in higher eukaryotes. AtCYP71 contains both cyclophilin domain and WD40 repeats. Loss of AtCYP71 function causes drastic pleiotropic phenotypic defects. Here, we show that AtCYP71 physically interacts with FAS1 and LHP1, respectively, to modulate their distribution on chromatin. The Ihpl cyp71 double mutant showed more severe phenotypes than the single mutants, suggesting that AtCYP71 and LHP1 synergistically control plant development. Such synergism was in part illustrated by the observation that LHP1 association with its specific target loci requires AtCYP71 function. We also demonstrate that AtCYP71 physically interacts with FAS1 and is indispensable for FAS1 targeting to the KNAT1 locus. Together, our data suggest that AtCYP71 is involved in fundamental processes of chromatin assembly and histone modification in plants.

关键词： Arabidopsis cyclophilin like heterochromatin protein 1 histone mark chromatin assembly factor Chromatin Immunoprecipitation.

Molecular Evolution of VEF-Domain-Containing PcG Genes in plants

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Molecular plant 2009年第4期2卷 738-754页

作者： Ling-Jing Chen Zhao-Yan Diao Chelsea Specht Z. Renee Sung Department of plant and microbial biology University of California Berkeley CA 94720-3102 USA

Arabidopsis VERNALIZATION2 （VRN2）, EMBRYONIC FLOWER2 （EMF2）, and FERTILIZATION-INDEPENDENT SEED2 （FIS2） are involved in vernalization-mediated flowering, vegetative development, and seed development, respectively. Together with Arabidopsis VEF-L36, they share a VEF domain that is conserved in plants and animals. To investigate the evolution of VEF-domain-containing genes （VEF genes）, we analyzed sequences related to VEF genes across land plants. To date, 24 full-length sequences from 11 angiosperm families and 54 partial sequences from another nine families were identified. The majority of the full-length sequences identified share greatest sequence similarity with and possess the same major domain structure as Arabidopsis EMF2. EMF2-1ike sequences are not only widespread among angiosperms, but are also found in genomic sequences of gymnosperms, lycophyte, and moss. No FIS2- or VEF-L36-1ike sequences were recovered from plants other than Arabidopsis, including from rice and poplar for which whole genomes have been sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis of the full-length sequences showed a high degree of amino acid sequence conservation in EMF2 homologs of closely related taxa. VRN2 homologs are recovered as a clade nested within the larger EMF2 clade. FIS2 and VEF-L36 are recovered in the VRN2 clade. VRN2 clade may have evolved from an EMF2 duplication event that occurred in the rosids prior to the divergence of the eurosid I and eurosid II lineages. We propose that dynamic changes in genome evolution contribute to the generation of the family of VEF-domain-containing genes, Phylogenetic analysis of the VEF domain alone showed that VEF sequences continue to evolve following EM F2NRN2 divergence in accordance with species relationship. Existence of EMF2-1ike sequences in animals and across land plants suggests that a prototype form of EMF2 was present prior to the divergence of the plant and animal lineages. A proposed sequence of events, based on domain organization and

关键词： VEF EMF2 FIS2 VRN2 VEF-L36 Arabidopsis PcG phylogeny evolution.

Visualizing Meiotic Chromosome Pairing and Segregation in Interspecific Hybrids of Rice by Genomic in situ Hybridization

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Rice science 2021年第1期28卷 69-80页

作者： Liu Mao-Sen Tseng Shih-Hsuan Chen Ting-Chu Chung Mei-Chu Institute of plant and microbial biology Academia SinicaNankangTaipei 11529TaiwanChina

Meiotic disturbances in F1 hybrids and their progenies are still major problems in wide *** investigate the genome affinity reflected in chromosome pairing and segregation,we studied chromosome behaviors during meiosis in two interspecific F1 hybrids[***×***(Om×Oa,BCE genome)and Oa×***(Or,EHJ genome)]by using both traditional staining methods and genomic in situ hybridization(GISH).GISH analysis has been successfully performed on mitotic chromosomes to distinguish different Oryza genomes,but relatively fewer systematic analyses of meiotic chromosomes of interspecific hybrids have been *** the hybrids,highly irregular chromosome behaviors through meiosis resulted in producing microspores with unbalanced *** diakinesis of these two hybrids,most chromosomes present as univalent,with low frequency as bivalents and occasionally as *** a pollen mother cell,2 to 8 bivalents and 0 to 4 trivalents were observed in the hybrid Oa×Or,and 1 to 8 bivalents and 0 to 5 trivalents were observed in the hybrid Om×*** results indicated that 51.52%bivalents in Oa×Or and 79.65%bivalents in Om×Oa involved allosyndetic association,which indicates that recombination and introgression should be possible if viable backcrosses can be recovered even from triploid *** this study,we revealed that the meiotic disturbance due to low affinities between parental genomes is the major reason for the sterility of these two triploid interspecific *** two hybrids showing vigor in reproductive growth are potential genetic resources in future breeding programs.A better understanding of genomic affinities between these distant Oryza species can facilitate planning an effective breeding program by using wide hybridization,and efficient and routine GISH analysis is helpful to monitor alien introgression in the process.

关键词： Oryza wide hybridization genomic affinity allosyndesis autosyndesis pollen viability

Mycorrhizal fungi mitigate nitrogen losses of an experimental grassland by facilitating plant uptake and soil microbial immobilization

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Pedosphere 2024年第2期34卷 399-410页

作者： Yangyang JIA Marcel G.A.VAN DER HEIJDEN Alain Y.VALZANO-HELD Markus JOCHER Florian WALDER Postdoctoral Mobile Station of Ecology College of Ecology and EnvironmentXinjiang UniversityÜrümqi 830046China Research Group plant-Soil Interactions AgroscopeZürich 8046Switzerland Research Group Climate and Agriculture AgroscopeZürich 8046Switzerland Department of plant and microbial biology University of ZürichZürich 8008Switzerland Research Group Soil Quality and Soil Use AgroscopeZürich 8046Switzerland

Nitrogen(N)is one of the most limited nutrients of terrestrial ecosystems,whose losses are prevented in tightly coupled cycles in finely tuned *** change-induced N enrichment through atmospheric deposition and application of vast amounts of fertilizer are now challenging the terrestrial N *** mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)are known drivers of plant-soil nutrient fluxes,but a comprehensive assessment of AMF involvement in N cycling under global change is still ***,we simulated N enrichment by fertilization(low/high)in experimental grassland microcosms under greenhouse conditions in the presence or absence of AMF and continuously monitored different N pathways over nine *** found that high N enrichment by fertilization decreased the relative abundance of legumes and the plant species dominating the plant community changed from grasses to forbs in the presence of AMF,based on aboveground *** presence of AMF always maintained plant N:phosphorus(P)ratios between 14 and 16,no matter how the soil N availability *** in plant N:P ratios due to the increased plant N and P uptake might thus be a primary pathway of AMF altering plant community ***,we constructed a comprehensive picture of AMF’s role in N cycling,highlighting that AMF reduced N losses primarily by mitigating N leaching,while N_(2)O emissions played a marginal *** mycorrhizal fungi reduced N_(2)O emissions directly through the promotion of N_(2)O-consuming *** underlying mechanism for reducing N leaching is mainly the AMF-mediated improved nutrient uptake and AMF-associated microbial *** results indicate that synergies between AMF and other soil microorganisms cannot be ignored in N cycling and that the integral role of AMF in N cycling terrestrial ecosystems can buffer the upcoming global changes.

关键词： N cycling N enrichment N uptake N:P ratio plant community structure symbiotic soil fungi

Camellia sinensis CsMYB4a participates in regulation of stamen growth by interaction with auxin signaling transduction repressor CsAUX/IAA4

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The Crop Journal 2024年第1期12卷 188-201页

作者： Guoliang Ma Mingzhuo Li Yingling Wu Changjuan Jiang Yifan Chen Dawei Xing Yue Zhao Yajun Liu Xiaolan Jiang Tao Xia Liping Gao School of Life Science Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefei 230036AnhuiChina plant for Human Health Institute Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyNorth Carolina State UniversityKannapolisNC 28081USA State Key laboratory of Tea plant biology and Utilization/Key laboratory of Tea biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture/Anhui Provincial laboratory of Tea plant biology and Utilization Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefei 230036AnhuiChina

Subgroup 4(Sg4)members of the R2R3-MYB are generally known as negative regulators of the phenylpropanoid pathway in *** previous research showed that a R2R3-MYB Sg4 member from Camellia sinensis(CsMYB4a)inhibits expression of some genes in the phenylpropanoid pathway,but its physiological function in the tea plant remained ***,CsMYB4a was found to be highly expressed in anther and filaments,and participated in regulating filament *** analysis and exogenous auxin treatment showed that the target of CsMYB4a might be the auxin signal ***/indole-3-acetic acid 4(AUX/IAA4),a repressor in auxin signal transduction,was detected from a yeast two-hybrid screen using CsMYB4a as *** silencing assays showed that both CsIAA4 and CsMYB4a regulate filament *** plants overexpressing CsIAA4 were insensitive to exogenous a-NAA,consistent with overexpression of ***-protein interaction experiments revealed that CsMYB4a interacts with N-terminal of CsIAA4 to prevent CsIAA4 *** out of the endogenous NtIAA4 gene,a CsIAA4 homolog,in tobacco alleviated filament growth inhibition and a-NAA insensitivity in plants overexpressing *** results strongly suggest that CsMYB4a works synergistically with CsIAA4 and participates in regulation of the auxin pathway in stamen.

关键词： AUX/IAA4 Auxin signaling CsMYB4a Subgroup 4 R2R3-MYB