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Natural variation of main biochemical components,morphological and yield traits among a panel of 87 tea [Camellia sinensis(L.) O. Kuntze] cultivars

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Horticultural plant Journal 2023年第3期9卷 563-576页

作者： Fawad Zaman EZhang Li Xia Xielong Deng Muhammad Ilyas Ahmad Ali Fei Guo Pu Wang Mingle Wang Yu Wang Dejiang Ni Hua Zhao Key laboratory of Horticultural plant Biology of Ministry of Education Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei 430070China College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei 430070China College of plant Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei 430070China

Many attentions have been previously focused to identify the multiple biochemical components related to tea quality and health benefits,however, the natural variation of biochemical components present in tea germplasm has not been adequately evaluated. In this study, the main biochemical components, leaf morphological and yield characteristics were evaluated for four rounds of tea leaves in a panel of 87 elite tea cultivars suitable for black, green, or oolong tea. Significant variations were observed among the tea cultivars, as well as seasonal differences in the levels of the free amino acid(FAA), caffeine(CAF), tea polyphenols(TP), water extract(WE) and TP to FAA ratio(TP/FAA). Results showed that the average levels of FAA showed a seasonal change, with the highest level of 4.0% in the 1st spring tea in the cultivars suitable for green tea and the lowest of 3.2% in summer tea in the cultivars suitable for black tea. The average CAF content was highest 3.2% in the cultivars suitable for oolong tea in the 1st spring and the lowest 2.5% in the cultivars suitable for green tea in summer. Limited seasonal and varietal variations were noticed in the average levels of WE among the three categories of tea. In addition, significant natural variation of the morphological characteristics, bud length varying from 2.5 cm to 8.7 cm, bud density from 190.3 buds · m-2to 1 730.3 buds · m-2, mature leaves biomass from 128.4 kg · hm-2to 2 888.4 kg · hm-2, and yield component traits of 100 buds(one bud with two leaves) dry weight from 3.7 g to37.7 g, tea yield/round from 444.6 kg · hm-2to 905.3 kg · hm-2, were observed. The aim of our evaluation was not only to identify the advantages of seasonal and clonal variations but also to provide a new viewpoint for their further application. Representative accessions were selected from the germplasm to promote the establishment of an inherent biochemical constituent expressing the quality of black, green, and oolong tea. The findings might

关键词： Camellia sinensis Biochemical components Germplasm Natural variation morphology Yield

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Anomalous residual austenite formation in root of welding layers of 9% Cr/CrMoV dissimilar welded joint

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2018年第8期25卷 839-846页

作者： Kai Ding Hui-jun Ji Quan-liang Zhang Xia Liu Peng Wang Xiao-hong Li Ling Zhang Yu-lai Gao State Key laboratory of Advanced Special Steel State Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced FerrometallurgySchool of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China Shanghai Turbine plant Shanghai Electric Power Generation Equipment Co. Ltd. Shanghai 200240 China

The morphology and distribution of residual austenite in the welded zone of 9% Cr/CrMoV dissimilar welded joint were observed by color metallographic method. Moreover, the details of the distribution, shape, length, length-to-width ratio, and the content of residual austenite in each welding layer were systematically characterized using Image-Pro Plus image analysis software. Different from the techniques such as X-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometer, and electron backscatter diffraction that only involve the content of residual austenite, color metallographic method can offer much more details of the residual austenite, including the location, shape, size, and content, helping evaluate the overall characteristics of the residual austenite produced in the weld. It is interesting that a large amount of block-like and film-like residual austenite was found in the root of each welding layer, while rare at the top. The area fraction of residual austenite located in this zone was approximately 7.5% compared with only 0.5% at the top. In addition, the average area, length, and length-to-width ratio of dispersed residual austenite were quantitatively evaluated to be （4.7 ± 0.6）μm2, （5.1 ±0.6） μm, and （1.1 ± 0.1） μm, respectively. This variety of residual austenite was resulted from the tempering effect by latter welding layer on the previous one and different cooling rates in these two regions during the welding process.

关键词： Residual austenite Color metallographic method Dissimilar welded joint Narrow gap submerged arcwelding Multilayer and multi-pass welding

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Effect of fluid shear stress on the internalization of kidney-targeted delivery systems in renal tubular epithelial cells

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2020年第4期10卷 680-692页

作者： Yingying Xu Shuo Qin Yining Niu Tao Gong Zhirong Zhang Yao Fu Key laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Precision Industrial TechnologyWest China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China

Renal tubular epithelial cells(RTECs)are important target cells for the development of kidney-targeted drug delivery *** physiological conditions,RTECs are under constant fluid shear stress(FSS)from original urine in the renal tubule and respond to changes of FSS by altering their morphology and receptor expression patterns,which may affect reabsorption and cellular *** a microfluidic system,controlled shear stress was applied to proximal tubule epithelial cell line ***,2-glucosamine,bovine serum albumin,and albumin nanoparticles were selected as representative carriers to perform cell uptake studies in HK-2 cells using the microfluidic platform system with controlled *** is proven to impact the morphology of HK-2 cells and upregulate the levels of megalin and clathrin,which then led to enhanced cellular uptake efficiencies of energy-driven carrier systems such as macromolecular and albumin nanoparticles in HK-2 *** further investigate the effects of FSS on endocytic behavior mediated by related receptors,a mice model of acute kidney injury with reduced fluid shear stress was *** with in vitro findings,in vivo studies have also shown reduced fluid shear stress down-regulated the levels of megalin receptors,thereby reducing the renal distribution of albumin nanoparticles.

关键词： Fluid shear stress Kidney-targeted drug delivery HK-2 cells Acute kidney injury

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Study on the Ultrastructures of Antennal Sensilla in Helicoverpa armigera

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2002年第8期1卷 896-899页

作者： WANG Gui-rong, GUO Yu-yuan and WU Kong-ming( State Key laboratory of plant Disease and Insect Pests, The Institute of plant Protection , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100094 , P. R . China ) State Key laboratory of plant Disease and Insect Pests The Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100094 P. R . China

The morphology and structures of antennal sensilla of Helicoverpa armigera are observed under scanning and transmission electron microscopes. Antennae of Helicoverpa armigera are made up of scapus, pedicel and flagellum that the latter consists of 70 - 82 segments. The inner side surface of antenna is cat-aphracted and most of the antennal sensilla lie on its outer, upper and lower surfaces. Both the antennae of male and female contain five kinds of antennal sensilla, namely, sensillum trichodeum, sensillum basicon-icum, sensillum chaeticum, ear-shaped sensillum and sensillum coeloconicum, and the kinds, number and distribution of antennal sensilla of both sexes are similar. There are a large number of serrate cuticular processes on antennal surface, especially on the middle and basic parts of antenna. Sensillum trichodeum and sensillum basiconicum, the main chemical odor receptors on antennae of Helicoverpa armigera, consist of cuticular-wall, sheath cells, lymph and dendrites. There are significant differences between the internal structures of the two kinds of sensilla. In sensillum trichodeum, the cuticular-wall is thicker, less lipophilic pore channels and has one or a few dendrites, while in sensillum basiconicum, the cuticular-wall is thinner, abundant lipophilic pore channels and has much more dendrites.

关键词： Helicoverpa armigera Antennal sensillum Ultrastructures Scanning electron microscope Transmission electron microscope

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MAP kinase gene STK1 is required for hyphal, conidial, and appressorial development, toxin biosynthesis, pathogenicity, and hypertonic stress response in the plant pathogenic fungus Setosphaeria turcica

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第12期15卷 2786-2794页

作者： LI Po GONG Xiao-dong JIA Hui FAN Yong-shan ZHANG Yun-feng CAO Zhi-yan HAO Zhi-min HAN Jian-min GU Shou-qin DONG Jin-gao Mycotoxin and Molecular plant Pathology laboratory Agricultural University of Hebei Baoding 071000 P.R. China Institute of plant Protection Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Baoding 071000 P.R. China Tangshan Normal University Tangshan 063000 P.R. China

The mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK）, a key signal transduction component in the MAPK cascade pathway, regulates a variety of physiological activities in eukaryotes. However, little is known of the role MAPK plays in phytopathogenic fungi. In this research, we cloned the MAPK gene STK1 from the northern corn leaf blight pathogen Setosphaeria turcica and found that the gene shared high homology with the high osmolality glycerol （HOG） MAPK gene HOG1 of Saccharomy- ces cerevisiae. In addition, gene knockout technology was employed to investigate the function of STKI. Gene knockout mutants （KOs） were found to have altered hyphae morphology and no conidiogenesis, though they did show similar radial growth rate compared to the wild-type strain （WT）. Furthermore, microscope observations indicated that STK1 KOs did not form normal appressoria at 48 h post-inoculation on a hydrophobic surface. STK1 KOs had reduced virulence, a significantly altered Helminthosporium turcicum （HT）-toxin composition, and diminished pathogenicity on the leaves of susceptible inbred corn OH43. Mycelium morphology appeared to be significantly swollen and the radial growth rates of STK1 KOs declined in comparison with WT under high osmotic stress. These results suggested that STK1 affects the hyphae development, conidiogenesis, and pathogenicity of S. turcica by regulating appressorium development and HT-toxin biosynthesis. Moreover, the gene appears to be involved in the hypertonic stress response in S. turcica.

关键词： Setosphaeria turcica MAPK conidiogenesis HT-toxin pathogenicity

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A NEW SPIROPLASMA FROM THE SURFACE OF plant FLOWER IN CHINA

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Science China Chemistry 1991年第3期34卷 290-296页

作者：郭永红叶旭东陈永萱 CHEN T.A. Departmant of plant Protection Nanjing Agricultural University Department of plant Pathology Rutgers University

The strain CCH, isolated from the surface of the plant flower in China, is a wall- less,helical prokaryote which passes through a microfilter 0. 22 μm in diameter. Cholesterol isrequired for its growth. The strain CCH could metabolize glucose, fructose, maltose, treha-lose and arginine, but not urea. Its electrophoresis pattern of cell proteins is distinct fromthat of other spiroplasmas. The guanine-plus-cyrosine content of its DNA determined bymelting temperature is 29. 15 mol%. No relation with any known spiroplasmas was found inenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and deformation tests. According to these results, thestrain CCH is referred to a new species in the genus of Spiroplasma or the representative ofa new spiroplasma group.

关键词： new flower spiroplasma morphology and characterization identification

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Taxonomy and phylogeny of the section Chaetoceros(Chaetocerotaceae,Bacillariophyta),with description of two new species

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2024年第4期42卷 1286-1311页

作者： Xudan LU Mengyi ZHAI Nina LUNDHOLM Yang LI Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Biotechnology for plant Development Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and BiomonitoringCollege of Life ScienceSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510631China Natural History Museum of Denmark University of CopenhagenCopenhagen K 1353Denmark

Chaetoceros Ehrenberg is one of the most diverse genera of planktonic *** species in section Chaetoceros are characterized by cells and setae having numerous chloroplasts and being widely ***,the delimitations of some species are problematic because of limited morphological information in the classical *** strains of the section Chaetoceros were established,morphological features were studied using light and electron microscopy,and the hypervariable D 1-D 3 region of the nuclear ribosomal large subunit gene was sequenced to address phylogenetic *** species belonging to the section Chaetoceros were recorded,including two new species,*** *** *** *** hainanensis was characterized by straight chains,narrowly lanceolate to hexagonal apertures,sibling setae diverging in nearly right angles,stipule-shaped spines on terminal setae and arrowhead-shaped spines on intercalary *** had short straight chains,narrowly lanceolate apertures,arrowhead-shaped spines and circular poroids arranged in a grid pattern on terminal and intercalary *** phylogenetic analyses revealed six groups formed by 19 species within the section Chaetoceros,which was found to be *** subdivision of the section is still not well *** morphological characters within each group varied considerably and molecular information on more species are needed to enrich the phylogenetic profiling.

关键词： morphology large subunit ribosomal RNA encoding gene(LSU) section Chaetoceros Chaetoceros hainanensis Chaetoceros tridiscus

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Variation in plant morphology and Sinigrin Content in Ethiopian Mustard(Brassica carinata L.)

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Horticultural plant Journal 2019年第5期5卷 205-212页

作者： Tesfay Teklehaymanot Haijing Wang Jianli Liang Jian Wu Runmao Lin Zhen Zhou Xu Cai Xiaowu Wang Key laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural GenomicsInstitute of Vegetables and FlowersChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100081China Tigray Agricultural Research Institute MekelleTigrayEthiopia

Ethiopian mustard(Brassica carinata) is mainly grown as a leafy vegetable and oilseed crop. Sinigrin is predominant glucosinolate in the leaves of Ethiopian mustard. It is hydrolyzed by enzyme myrosinase to produce bioactive product specifically allyl-isothiocyanates. Due to sinigrin content, Ethiopian mustard has a mild flavor and it is a healthy addition to human diet. However, sinigrin concentration depends on *** variations of plant morphology and sinigrin content may be the first step for crop improvement. According to the analyses of various plant characteristics among ninety nine Ethiopian mustard accessions, we found significant differences in plant height, chlorophyll content, and petiole length. In addition, sinigrin content was determined using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole mass spectrometers/tunable ultraviolet detector(UPLC-TQS/TUV). We found a significant difference in sinigrin content among leaves of 94 Ethiopian mustard accessions. Except for petiole length, the sinigrin content was negatively correlated with leaf area, leaf width, number of primary branches, and plant height. This information will help Ethiopian mustard breeders in screening breeding lines for new accessions.

关键词： Brassicaceae mustard sinigrin leafy vegetable glucosinolate metabolite

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Comparative pollen morphology of Glechoma and Marmoritis(Nepetinae,Lamiaceae)

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2010年第6期48卷 464-473页

作者： Tae-Soo JANG Suk-Pyo HONG laboratory of plant Systematics Department of BiologyInstitute of Basic SciencesKyung Hee University

The pollen morphology of 13 taxa(34 specimens) of the genera Glechoma L.,and Marmoritis *** investigated in detail using light,scanning electron,and transmission electron *** grains of all studied taxa are small to large in size(P = 32.5-60.4 μm,E = 20.2-50.5 μm),prolate-spheroidal to prolate in shape and mostly hexacolpate(the amb more or less circular or rarely ellipsoid) with granular *** sexine ornamentation of Glechoma is bireticulate;the muri of the primary reticulum are irregularly circled,and lumen size is *** contrast,the sexine surfaces of the Marmoritis pollen tend to more elongate or wider at the muri of the primary reticulum than those of the *** pollen wall stratification of selected taxa(three from Glechoma and one from Marmoritis) is characterized by unbranched columellae,and continuous or distinctly discontinuous endexine based on transmission electron microscopy *** results of Glechoma and Marmoritis reveal rather similar pollen morphological features,however,fine details of sexine ornamentation are characteristic to differentiate the pollen *** these differences may be useful in establishing the taxonomic boundary between two genera,they are too weak to segregate diagnostic characters.

关键词： Glechoma Lamiaceae Marmoritis Nepetinae pollen morphology scanning electron microscope sexine ornamentation transmission electron microscope.

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Loss-of-function mutation of rice SLAC7 decreases chloroplast stability and induces a photoprotection mechanism in rice

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Journal of Integrative plant Biology 2015年第12期57卷 1063-1077页

作者： Xiaolei Fan Jiemin Wu Taiyu Chen Weiwei Tie Hao Chen Fei Zhou Yongjun Lin National Key laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of plant Gene Research Huazhong Agricultural University Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences

plants absorb sunlight to power the photochem- ical reactions of photosynthesis, which can potentially damage the photosynthetic machinery. However, the mech- anism that protects chloroplasts from the damage remains unclear. In this work, we demonstrated that rice （Oryza sativa L.） SLAC7 is a generally expressed membrane protein. Loss- of-function of SLAC7 caused continuous damage to the chloroplasts of mutant leaves under normal light conditions. Ion leakage indicators related to leaf damage such as H^O2 and abscisic acid levels were significantly higher in slac7-1 than in the wild type. Consistently, the photosynthesis efficiency and Fv/Fm ratio of slac7-1 were significantly decreased （similar to photoinhibition）. In response to chloroplast damage, slat7- 1 altered its leaf morphology （curled or fused leaf） by the synergy between plant hormones and transcriptional factors to decrease the absorption of light, suggesting that a photoprotection mechanism for chloroplast damage was activated in slac7-1. When grown in dark conditions, slac7-1 displayed a normal phenotype. 5LAC7 under the control of the AtSLAC1 promoter could partially complement thephenotypes of Arabidopsis slacl mutants, indicating a partial conservation of SLAC protein functions. These results suggest that SLAC7 is essential for maintaining the chloroplast stability in rice.

关键词： Anion transport chloroplast cytokinin Oryza sativa L photoinhibition SLAC1

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