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Diversity patterns of cushion plants on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau:A basic study for future conservation efforts on alpine ecosystems

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plant Diversity 2022年第3期44卷 231-242页

作者： Ya-Zhou Zhang Li-Shen Qian Xu-Fang Chen Lu Sun Hang Sun Jian-Guo Chen Key laboratory for plant Diversity and biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnanChina University of chinese academy of sciences BeijingChina School of Life sciences Yunnan UniversityKunmingYunnanChina

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)is an important cushion plant ***,the distribution of cushion plants on the QTP is unknown,as are the factors that drive cushion plant distribution,limiting our understanding of the evolution of cushion species in the *** this study,we assessed spatial patterns of total cushion plant diversity(including taxonomic and phylogenetic)over the entire QTP and compared patterns of diversity of cushion plants with different typologies(i.e.,compact ***).We also examined how these patterns were related to climatic *** results indicate that the southern QTP hosts the highest total cushion plant richness,especially in the south-central Hengduan Mountains *** total number of cushion species declines from south to north and from southeast to *** cushion plants exhibit similar patterns as the total cushion plant richness,whereas loose cushion plants show random *** plant phylogenetic diversity showed a similar pattern as that of the total cushion plant *** addition,cushion plant phylogenetic community structure was clustered in the eastern and southwestern QTP,whereas random or overdispersed in other *** features represented by annual energy and water trends,seasonality and extreme environmental factors,had significant effects on cushion plant diversity patterns but limited effects on the phylogenetic community structure,suggesting that climatic features indeed promote the formation of cushion *** cushion plants play vital roles in alpine ecosystems,our findings not only promote our understanding of the evolution and formation of alpine cushion plant diversity but also provide an indispensable foundation for future studies on cushion plant functions and thus alpine ecosystem sustainability in the entire QTP region.

关键词： Climatic features Cushion distribution Ecosystem engineer Hengduan mountains Phylogenetic diversity Phylogenetic community structure

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Seed dormancy and germination characteristics of two Rheum species in the Himalaya-Hengduan Mountains

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植物多样性：英文版 2017年第4期39卷 180-186页

作者： Deli Peng Zhe Chen Xiaojian Hu Zhimin Li Bo Song Hang Sun Key laboratory for plant Diversity and biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650201 Yunnan China School of Life Science Yunnan Normal University Kunming 650500 Yunnan China Germplasm Bank of Wild Species in Southwest China Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650201 Yunnan China University of chinese academy of sciences Belting 100049 China

Seed dormancy and germination characteristics are important factors determining plant reproductive success, and may be expected to have a major influence on plant distribution. In this study, we aimed to explore the characteristics of seed dormancy and germination in two endemic Rheum species(Rheum nobile and Rheum alexandrae) in the Himalaya-Hengduan Mountains. To determine the type of dormancy,fresh seeds of the two species(one population each) were incubated in light at 25/15 and 15/5℃, and then dry after-ripening(DAR) seeds were incubated on water agar substrate with or without GA_3. To determine the effect of temperature and light on germination, DAR seeds of the two species(two populations each) were incubated both in the light and in the dark at several temperatures, including constant and alternating temperatures. Base temperature(T_b) and thermal times for 50% germination(θ_(50)) were calculated. DAR released physiological dormancy(PD), increasing final germination at 15/5℃ and widening the range of germination temperatures from higher to lower, indicative of type 2 non-deep PD for the two Rheum species. Light had no significant effect on germination of seeds from the two species(two populations each). Seeds of the two species germinated significantly better(>80%) at medium temperatures(10-25℃) than at extreme low(5℃) or high(35℃) temperatures. Alternating temperatures(25/15 and 15/5℃) did not significantly increase the final germination of the two species either in the light and in the dark, but it promoted seed germination more quickly than corresponding constant temperatures in the light in both Rh. alexandrae populations, especially at 15/5℃. Germination in response to temperature was well described by the thermal-time model at suboptimal temperatures. The estimated Tbvalues were 1 and 0.9℃, respectively, in two Rh. nobile populations; 4 and 4.1℃,respectively, in two Rh. alexandrae populations; θ_(50)(thermal time) were 100 and 125℃d, respectively in tw

关键词： Germination Light Rheum alexandrae Rheum nobile Dormancy Temperature

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Phylogenomics of Allium section Cepa(Amaryllidaceae)provides new insights on domestication of onion

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plant Diversity 2021年第2期43卷 102-110页

作者： Ziyoviddin Yusupov Tao Deng Sergei Volis Furkat Khassanov Dilmurod Makhmudjanov Komiljon Tojibaev Hang Sun CAS Key laboratory for plant Diversity and biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China International Joint Lab for Molecular Phylogeny and biogeography Institute of BotanyAcademy Sciences of UzbekistanTashkent100125Uzbekistan University of chinese academy of sciences BeijingChina

Allium ***(Amaryllidaceae)comprises economically important plants,yet resolving the phylogenetic relationships within the section has been difficult as nuclear and chloroplast-based phylogenetic trees have been *** now,phylogenetic studies of the section have been based on a few *** this study,we sequenced the complete chloroplast genome(plastomes)of four central Asian species of ***:Allium oschaninii,***,*** and *** chloroplast(cp)genomes included 114 unique genes of which 80 coded *** protein-coding genes were highly variable and therefore promising for future phylogenetic and phylogeographic *** plastome-based phylogenetic tree of Allium *** revealed two separate clades:one comprising the central Asian species ***,***,and ***,and another comprising ***,***,and two cultivated species,*** and *** findings contradict previously reported phylogenies that relied on ITS and *** explanations for this discrepancy are related to interspecific hybridization of species ancestral to *** and *** followed by chloroplast capture;however,this is impossible to prove without additional *** results suggest that the central Asian Allium species did not play a role in the domestication of the common *** the chloroplast genes,rpoC2 was identified as a gene of choice in further phylogeographical studies of the genus Allium.

关键词： Chloroplast genome SNP Phylogeny Chloroplast capture

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Seed dispersal by hornets:An unusual insect-plant mutualism

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Journal of Integrative plant Biology 2017年第11期59卷 792-796页

作者： gao chen zheng-wei wang yan qin wei-bang sun kunming botanical garden kunming institute of botanychinese academy of sciencesKunming 650204China key laboratory for plant diversity and biogeography of east asia kunming institute of botanychinese academy of sciencesKunming 650204China chemi-ecology group of key laboratory of tropical forest ecology xishuangbanna tropical botanical gardenchinese academy of sciencesKunming 650201China school of life sciences yunnan universityKunming 650200China

Vespicochory, seed dispersal by hornets, is a rare seed dispersal mechanism in angiosperms and, to date, there are few records of this *** field investigations and behavioral assays conducted in four populations of Stemona tuberosa from 2011–2016, we demonstrate that hornets are the primary seed dispersers of S. tuberosa and play an important role in "long-distance" seed dispersal in this species. Furthermore, some ant species act as secondary dispersers and may transport the seeds to safe *** and ants provide complementary seed dispersal at different spatial scales. This unique example of insect-plant mutualism may be an underestimated but important strategy to ensure "long-distance" seed dispersal in other myrmecochorous plants.

关键词： Seed dispersal by hornets An unusuainsect-plant mutualism

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Effect of vernalization on tuberization and flowering in the Tibetan turnip is associated with changes in the expression of FLC homologues

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plant Diversity 2018年第2期40卷 50-56页

作者： Yan Zheng Landi Luo Yuanyuan Liu Yunqiang Yang Chuntao Wang Xiangxiang Kong Yongping Yang Key laboratory for plant Diversity and biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650201 China Germplasm Bank of Wild Species Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650201 China University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China School of Ecology and Environmental Science Yunnan University Kunming 650504 China

The turnip(Brassica rapa var. rapa) is a biennial crop that is planted in late summer/early fall and forms fleshy tubers for food in temperate regions. The harvested tubers then overwinter and are planted again the next spring for flowering and seeds. FLOWERING LOCUS C(FLC) is a MADS-box transcription factor that acts as a major repressor of floral transition by suppressing the flowering promoters FT and SOC1. Here we show that vernalization effectively represses tuber formation and promotes flowering in Tibetan turnip. We functionally characterized four FLC homologues(BrrFLC1,FLC2, FLC3, and FLC5), and found that BrrFLC2 and BrrFLC1 play a major role in repressing flowering in turnip and in transgenic Arabidopsis. In contrast, tuber formation was correlated with BrrFLC1 expression in the hypocotyl and was repressed under cold treatment following the quantitative downregulation of BrrFLC1. Grafting experiments of non-vernalized and vernalized turnips revealed that vernalization independently suppressed tuberization in the tuber or hypocotyl of the rootstock or scion, which occurred in parallel with the reduction in BrrFLC1 activity. Together, our results demonstrate that the Tibetan turnip is highly responsive to cold exposure, which is associated with the expression levels of BrrFLC genes.

关键词： Tibetan turnip Tuberization Flowering BrrFLC genes Vernalization

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Comparative expression analysis of heavy metal ATPase subfamily genes between Cd-tolerant and Cd-sensitive turnip landraces

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plant Diversity 2019年第4期41卷 275-283页

作者： Yuansheng Wu Xiong Li Di Chen Xi Han Boqun Li Yonghong Yang Yongping Yang China Germplasm Bank of Wild Species Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China College of plant Protection Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming 650201China Key laboratory for plant Diversity and biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China School of Life sciences Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China

The heavy metal ATPase(HMA)subfamily is mainly involved in heavy metal(HM)tolerance and transport in plants,but an understanding of the definite roles and mechanisms of most HMA members are still *** the present study,we identified 14 candidate HMA genes named BrrHMAl—BrrHMA8 from the turnip genome and analyzed the phylogeny,gene structure,chromosome distribution,and conserved domains and motifs of HMAs in turnip(Brassica rapa ***).According to our phylogenetic tree,the BrrHMAs are divided into a Zn/Cd/Co/Pb subclass and Cu/Ag *** BrrHMA members show similar structural characteristics within *** explore the roles of BrrHMAs in turnip,we compared the gene sequences and expression patterns of the BrrHMA genes between a Cd-tolerant landrace and a Cd-sensitive *** BrrHMA genes showed similar spatial expression patterns in both Cd-tolerant and Cd-sensitive turnip landraces;some BrrHMA genes,however,were differentially expressed in specific tissue in Cd-tolerant and Cd-sensitive ***,BrrHMA genes in the Zn/Cd/Co/Pb subclass shared the same coding sequence but were differentially expressed in Cd-tolerant and Cd-sensitive turnip landraces under Cd *** findings suggest that the stable expression and up-regulated expression of BrrHMA Zn/Cd/Co/Pb subclass genes under Cd stress may contribute to the higher Cd tolerance of turnip landraces.

关键词： Heavy metal ATPase Cadmium Turnip Transmembrane helix Differential gene expression

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Comparative population genetic analyses suggest hybrid origin of Rhododendron pubicostatum,an endangered plant species with extremely small populations endemic to Yunnan,China

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plant Diversity 2020年第4期42卷 312-318页

作者： Xuemei Zhang Hantao Qin Weijia Xie Yongpeng Ma Weibang Sun Yunnan Key laboratory for Integrative Conservation of plant Species with Extremely Small Populations Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Kunming650201YunnanChina Key laboratory for plant Diversity and biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Kunming650201China University of chinese academy of sciences 100049BeijingChina Flower Research institute Yunnan Academy of Agriculture SciencesKunming650201China

Gene flow between sympatric congeneric plants is thought to be very common and may pose serious threats to endangered *** the present study,we evaluate the genetic diversity and divergence of three sympatric Rhododendron species in Jiaozi Mountain using newly developed microsatellites through the Illumina MiSeq sequencing *** diversity of all three Rhododendron species studied was moderate in comparison to genetic parameters previously reported from species of this ***,genetic structure analysis of the three species identified a possible hybrid origin of the threatened *** sympatry should be considered a unimodal hybrid zone,since *** is predominant *** hybrid zones are uncommon in Rhododendron,despite the fact that hybridization frequently occurs in the *** pertaining to the conservation of *** resulting from admixture of genetic material from its parental species are discussed.

关键词： Rhododendron pubicostatum plant Species with Extremely Small Populations(PSESP) Microsatellite markers Illumina MiSeq sequencing Conservation management

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Seed dormancy,germination and storage behavior of Magnolia sinica,a plant species with extremely small populations of Magnoliaceae

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plant Diversity 2022年第1期44卷 94-100页

作者： Liang Lin Lei Cai Lei Fan Jun-Chao Ma Xiang-Yun Yang Xiao-Jian Hu The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201YunnanChina Yunnan Key laboratory for Integrative Conservation of plant Species with Extremely Small Populations Key Laboratory far Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East AsiaKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201YunnanChina

Magnolia sinica is one of the most endangered Magnoliaceae species in *** biology information concerning its long-term ex situ conservation and utilization is *** study investigated dormancy status,germination requirements and storage behavior of *** matured seeds germinated to ca.86.5%at 25/15℃but poorly at 30℃;GA3 and moist chilling promoted germination significantly at 20℃.Embryos grew at temperatures(alternating or constant)between 20℃and 25℃,but not at 5℃or 30℃.Our results indicate that *** seeds possibly have non-deep simple mor-phophysiological dormancy(MPD).Seeds survived desiccation to 9.27%and 4.85%moisture content(MC)as well as a further 6-month storage at-20℃and in liquid nitrogen,including recovery in vitro as excised *** established protocol ensured that at least 58%of seedlings were obtained after both cold storage and *** results indicate that both conventional seed banking and cryopreservation have potential as long-term ex situ conservation methods,although further optimized approaches are recommended for this critically endangered magnolia species.

关键词： Magnolia sinica Seed Dormancy Storage behavior Cryopreservation Excised embryo

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Function of male and hermaphroditic flowers and size-dependent gender diphasy of Lloydia oxycarpa (Liliaceae) from Hengduan Mountains

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plant Diversity 2017年第4期39卷 187-193页

作者： Yang Niu Qiangbang Gong Deli Peng Hang Sun Zhimin Li School of Life sciences Yunnan Normal University 650500 Kunming Yunnan China Key laboratory for plant Diversity and biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences 132 Lanhei Road 650201 Kunming Yunnan China

Although hermaphroditism is common in flowering plants, unisexual flowers occur in many plant taxa,forming various sexual systems. However, the sexual system of some plants is difficult to determine morphologically, given that their sex expression may be influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Specifically, androdioecy(the coexistence of both male and hermaphroditic individuals in the same population) has often been confused with the gender diphasy, a gender strategy in which plants change their sex expression between seasons. We studied the reproductive function of male and hermaphroditic flowers of Lloydia oxycarpa(Liliaceae), in order to investigate its sexual system and determine whether it is a gender-diphasic species. We found that although male flowers occur in a considerable number of plants, relative to hermaphrodites, they did not exhibit any significant reproductive advantage in terms of flower size, pollen quantity, attractiveness to visitors or siring success. In addition, this plant has spontaneous self-pollination and showed no inbreeding depression. These results render the maintenance of male individuals almost impossible. Furthermore, a considerable number of individuals changed their sex in successive years. The sex expression was found to be related to bulb size and dry weight, with larger individuals producing hermaphroditic flowers and smaller individuals producing male flowers. These results suggest that L. oxycarpa is not an androdioecious plant but represents a rare case of size-dependent gender diphasy.

关键词： Gender diphasy Lloydia Reproductive ecology Sexual system Size-dependent sex allocation

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High regional genetic differentiation of an endangered relict plant Craigia yunnanensis and implications for its conservation

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plant Diversity 2016年第5期38卷 221-226页

作者： Jing Yang Zerui Gao Weibang Sun Changqin Zhang Key laboratory for plant Diversity and biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences Yunnan Tobacco Industrial Hi-tech Material CO. LTD kunming Botanical Garden Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences

Of the genus Craigia,widespread in the Tertiary,only two relict species survived to modern *** species is now possibly extinct and the other one,Craigia yunnanensis,is severely *** surveys have located six *** populations in Yunnan province,southwest *** fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism(AFLP),the genetic diversity and population structure of these populations were *** was found that genetic diversity of *** was moderate at the species level,but low at regional and population *** of population structure showed significant genetic differentiation between Wenshan and Dehong regions,apparently representing two geographically isolated for long time *** are also clear indications of isolation between populations,which,together with anthropogenically caused decline of population size,will lead to general loss of the species genetic variation with subsequent loss of adaptive *** conserve the genetic integrity of ***,we recommend that ex-situ conservation should include representative samples from every population of the two differentiated regions(*** and Dehong).The crosses between individuals originated from different regions should be avoided because of a high risk of outbreeding *** all the extant populations of *** are in unprotected areas with strong anthropogenic impact,there is no alternative to reintroduction of *** into suitable protected locations.

关键词： Craigia yunnanensis Isolation AFLP Genetic diversity Population genetic structure Conservation genetics

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