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Role of ENSO in the interannual relationship between Tibetan Plateau winter snow cover and Northwest Pacific tropical cyclone genesis frequency

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Science China Earth Sciences 2016年第10期59卷 2009-2021页

作者： ZHAN RuiFen DING YiHui WU LiGuang LEI XiaoTu Shanghai Typhoon Institute of China Meteorological Administration Shanghai 200030China National Climate Center and laboratory for Climate Studies China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China Key laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment ChangeCollaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disastersand Pacific Typhoon Research CenterNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China

Previous studies have revealed a significantly negative correlation between prior winter snow cover over the Tibetan Plateau （TPSC） and tropical cyclone genesis frequency （TCF） over the western North Pacific （WNP） in the following typhoon season. This study revisited this relationship based on long-term observational data. The results showed that the interannual correlation between TCF over the WNP and TPSC experienced a shift in the early 1990s. This correlation is significant during only 1993-2012 and is considerably weak during 1976-1992. The possible reasons causing the shift were examined further, and the results demonstrated that the central Pacific （CP） E1 Nifio-Southern Oscillation （ENSO） has played a vital role in intensifying the interannual relationship between TCF over the WNP and TPSC since the early 1990s. During 1993-2012, TPSC was negatively related to CP ENSO. When TPSC was higher than （lower than） normal, CP ENSO was often in its cold （warm） phase. Such a combination remarkably enhances the relationship of TPSC with the zonal land-sea thermal difference and thus with the summer monsoon over the WNE Additionally, it enhances the modulation of TPSC on the dynamical environments controlling TCF. As a result, the linkage between TPSC and TCF was significantly strengthened in this period. In sharp contrast, due to the weak relationship between TPSC and ENSO followed by the weak modulation of TPSC on the summer monsoon over the WNP and the dynamical environment during 1976-1992, the linkage between TPSC and TCF was weak during this time period. The results from additional dynamical diagnostic analyses further showed that during 1993-2012 CP ENSO modulated the barotropic energy conversion of zonal winds over the WNP, contributing to the intensified relationship between TPSC and TCF. These results will improve seasonal forecasting of tropical cyclone activity over the WNP.

关键词： Western North Pacific Tropical cyclone Snow cover over the Tibetan Plateau ENSO Interdecadal shift

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Do bosons always condense?

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National Science Review 2021年第3期8卷 10-11页

作者： Yoshihiro Iwasa Quantum phase Electronics Center (QPEC) and Department of Applied Physics The University of Tokyo RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS)

We learn in elementary statistical mechanics that bosonic systems undergo a phase change even without interparticle interactions, called Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC). Indeed, almost all bosonic systems in the real world such as4He, cold atoms and photons, exhibit BEC, and even electrons, a representative fermion system, can show similar condensation and superconductivity through the Cooper pair formation.

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Development of Earth/Climate System Models in China:A Review from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Perspective

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2014年第5期28卷 762-779页

作者：周天军邹立维吴波金晨曦宋丰飞陈晓龙张丽霞 State Key laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics(LASG) Institute of Atmospheric Physics(IAP)Chinese Academy of Sciences Climate change Research Center Chinese Academy of Sciences

The development of coupled earth/climate system models in China over the past 20 years is reviewed, including a comparison with other international models that participated in the Coupled Model Intercom- parison Project （CMIP） from phase 1 （CMIP1） to phase 4 （CMIP4）. The Chinese contribution to CMIP is summarized, and the major achievements from CMIP1 to CMIP3 are listed as a reference for assessing the strengths and weaknesses of Chinese models. After a description of CMIP5 experiments, the five Chinese models that participated in CMIP5 are then introduced. Furthermore, following a review of the current status of international model development, both the challenges and opportunities for the Chinese climate modeling community are discussed. The development of high-resolution climate models, earth system mod- els, and improvements in atmospheric and oceanic general circulation models, which are core components of earth/climate system models, are highlighted. To guarantee the sustainable development of climate system models in China, the need for national-level coordination is discussed, along with a list of the main compo- nents and supporting elements identified by the US National Strategy for Advancing Climate Modeling.

关键词： Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) IPCC Assessment Report atmospheric gen-general circulation model oceanic general circulation model climate system model earth sys-tem model high-resolution model

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Risks of temperature extremes over China under 1.5℃ and 2℃ global warming

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Advances in Climate change Research 2020年第3期11卷 172-184页

作者： SHI Chen JIANG Zhi-Hong ZHU Lian-Hua Xuebin ZHANG YAO Yi-Yi Laurent LI laboratory of Research for Middle-High Latitude Circulation System and East Asian Monsoon Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Changbai Mountain Meteorology&Climate ChangeInstitute of Meteorological Sciences of Jilin ProvinceChangchun130062China Key laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment ChangeCollaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological DisasterNanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing210044China School of Mathematics and Statistics Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing210044China Climate Research Division Environment and Climate Change CanadaTorontoOntario M3H 5T4Canada Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique CNRSSorbonne UniversitéEcole Normale SupérieureEcole PolytechniqueParis75005France

The Paris Agreement aims to keep global warming to well below 2℃ above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit it to 1.5℃,recognizing this will reduce the risks of natural disasters *** changes in the risks of temperature extremes are often associated with changes in the temperature probability distribution,further analysis is still needed to improve understanding of the warm extremes over *** this study,changes in the occurrence probability of temperature extremes and statistic characteristics of the temperature distribution are investigated using the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP5)multimodel simulations from 1861 to *** risks of the once-in-100-year TXx and TNx events are projected to increase by 14.4 and 31.4 times at 1.5℃ ***,the corresponding risks under 2℃ global warming are 23.3 and 50.6,implying that the once-in-100-year TXx and TNx events are expected to occur about every 5 and 2 years over China,*** Tibetan Plateau,Northwest China and south of the Yangtze River are in greater risks suffering hot extremes(both day and night extremes).changes in the occurrence probability of warm extremes are generally well explained by the combination of the shifts in location and scale parameters in areas with grown variability,i.e.,the Tibetan Plateau for TXx,south of the Yangtze River for both TXx and *** location(scale)parameter leading the risks of once-in-20-year TXx to increase by more than 5(0.25)and 3(0.75)times under 2℃ warming in the Tibetan Plateau and south of the Yangtze River,*** location parameter is more important for regions with decreased variability e.g.,the Tibetan Plateau for TNx,Northwest China for both TXx and TNx,with risks increase by more than 3,6 and 4 times due to changes in location.

关键词： 1.5℃and 2℃global warming Temperature extremes Risk ratios GEV CMIP5

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Role of anthropogenic forcing and atmospheric circulation in a lowtemperature event in February 2022 in eastern China

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Advances in Climate change Research 2023年第6期14卷 921-929页

作者： Zhi-Fan CHEN Ying SUN Xuebin ZHANG Tim LI Jin-Hua YU Key laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education(KLME)/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change(ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD)Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Climate Studies Key laboratory National Climate CenterChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 10008lChina Climate Research Division Environment and Climate Change CanadaToronto M3H 5T4Canada Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of Hawai at ManoaHonolulu HI 96822USA

In February 2022,eastern China experienced prolonged low temperatures,with significant impacts on agriculture,transportation,and power *** regional average temperature anomaly for February 2022 was-0.65℃,making it the third coldest February from 2000 to *** the influence of anthropogenic forcing and atmospheric circulation on low-temperature events is important for climate change adaptation and mitigation in the *** study used observational and model data from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 to conduct an extreme event attribution *** results showed that anthropogenic forcing led to a 1.5-fold decrease in the probability of 2022-like events,with anthropogenic greenhouse gases being the primary contributors to this ***,aerosols slightly increased the likelihood of such *** evaluate the role of atmospheric circulation in this event,we chose Siberian High as the key circulation system and employed circulation similarity,intensity classification,and regression methods to estimate the impacts of circulation patterns,circulation in-tensity,and human-induced circulation *** results demonstrated that under the influence of the same anthropogenic forcing,the presence of an anomalous Siberian High and anomalously enhanced intensity of the Siberian High both increased the likelihood of such a cold event ***,anthropogenic forcing exerts a negligible effect on such cold events via anomalous circulation.

关键词： Low-temperature event Attribution Intensity of the Siberian high Anthropogenic forcing Atmospheric circulation

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Distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the water column of Kongsfjorden, Arctic

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第11期32卷 186-193页

作者： Ruijing Li Hui Gao Zhongqiang Ji Shuaichen Jin Linke Ge Humin Zong Liping Jiao Zhifeng Zhang Guangshui Na National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center Dalian 116023China Key laboratory of Marine Ecosystems and Biogeochemistry Second Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Nature ResourcesHangzhou 310012China Key laboratory of Ocean-Atmospheric Chemistry and Global change Third Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Nature ResourcesXiamen 361005China Hainan Tropical Ocean University Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation for Tropical Marine BioresourcesMinistry of EducationChina

Kongsfjorden is known for its characteristic multi-layer water mass formed by the convergence of freshwaters from nearby glaciers and rivers and saline water from the Atlantic and *** distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in the water column of Kongsfjorden was investigated and their potential sources were *** total concentrations of 16 PAHs in the surface seawater and river water were in the range of 33.4-79.8 ng/L(mean 48.5 ng/L)and 2.3-201.4 ng/L(mean 126.1 ng/L),***,PAHs were mainly concentrated around river estuaries and the glacier front in the dissolved ***,the PAHs in the particulate phase followed surface-enrichment and depth-depletion patterns in most stations,with the maximum concentration found at 50 m depth in the central area of *** compositions of PAHs in seawater and rivers were similar,with two-ring and tricyclic PAHs comprising the majority of the dissolved and particulate *** found in Kongsfjorden waters appeared to be derived from multiple sources such as petroleum and coal *** in the bay mouth of Kongsfjorden were mainly introduced by the West Spitsbergen Current and the Arctic waters,while in the inner bay,atmospheric deposition and local sources were the major *** distribution of PAHs was mainly attributed to the suspended particulate distribution.

关键词： PAHs Distribution Source Water mass Kongsfjorden

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Redevelopment of liftoff rates of saltating sand grains based on a simple optimization model

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Science China Earth Sciences 2010年第4期53卷 568-574页

作者： CHENG Hong & ZOU XueYong State Key laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China MOE Engineering Center of Desertification and Blown-sand Control,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China Key laboratory of Environmental change and Natural Disaster of the Ministry of Education of China,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China State Key laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal University Beijing China MOE Engineering Center of Desertification and Blown-sand Control Beijing Normal University Beijing China Key laboratory of Environmental change and Natural Disaster of the Ministry of Education of China Beijing Normal University Beijing China

This paper is a redevelopment result of liftoff rates of saltating sand grains based on our previous *** sand flow is a complex multi-phase flow because of a special two-phase gas-solid flow near ground *** extensive research on the movement of blowing sand,no model fully characterizes aeolian sand flow,and large differences often exist between simulations of aeolian sand movement and field *** key problem is a few of sufficient research on liftoff rates of saltating sand grains(also called the number of liftoff sand grains per unit time and per unit bed area).It is necessary to re-search in advance liftoff rates of saltating sand *** redeveloped liftoff rates of saltating sand grains by establishing an optimization model based on the flux of aeolian sand flow at different heights of the sampler in wind tunnel and the simulated capture of saltating sand grains by different heights of the sampler that are from different liftoff position(distance from the sampler) in order to revise previous inversion condition of liftoff rates of saltating sand *** rates increased rapidly with increasing wind *** frictional wind velocities of u=0.67,0.77,0.82,0.83,and 0.87 m s-1,liftoff rates were 3840,954502,5235114,5499407,and 7696291 sand grain s-1 m-2,*** rates could be expressed as the square of the instantaneous frictional wind velocity and a constant(0.663) that differs from the critical(threshold) frictional wind velocity at which saltation *** our results require additional experimental validation and the simple optimization model must be improved,they nonetheless provide a strong basis for future research.

关键词： liftoff rates of saltating sand grains optimization model wind tunnel two-phase gas-solid flow

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Influence of biomass burning on ozone levels in the Megalopolis of Central Mexico during the COVID-19 lockdown

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第9期143卷 99-115页

作者： Victor Almanza Luis Gerardo Ruiz-Suárez Ricardo Torres-Jardón Agustín García-Reynoso Iván Y.Hernández-Paniagua Institute for Atmospheric Sciences and Climate change National Autonomous University of MexicoCoyoacan 04510Mexico CityMexico

The massive reductions in anthropogenic emissions resulting from the COVID-19 lockdown provided a unique opportunity to evaluate the effect of mitigation measures aiming to abate air *** Mexico,the total lockdown period took place during the dry-hot season when biomass burning activity is ***,we investigate the role of biomass burning emissions on regional ozone levels in the Megalopolis of Central *** studied period covers the lockdown phases 2 and 3,and the first month of the New *** applied a factor separation technique and process analysis to estimate the pure and synergistic contributions of emission reductions under lockdown and that from biomass burning to daily ozone maximum concentrations in 7 metropolitan areas of different states in the *** results revealed that biomass burning plumes likely masked the effect of massive reductions from mobile emissions,impacted the PBL development during phase 3 and favored transition and mixed NO_(x)-limited and VOC-limited regional *** contributed to increased ozone production in the middle to lower PBL by changing the regional background levels which potentially could bias high ozone production efficiency *** the Megalopolis contribution to economic and societal development at national scale,our study suggests that ozone mitigation measures during the dry-hot season targeting mainly mobile emissions will likely be offset by biomass burning plumes.A regional and synergic policy aiming to control biomass burning would help to reduce the occurrence of high ozone levels in Central Mexico with the co-benefit of tackling short-lived climate pollutants.

关键词： COVID-19 Mexico Megalopolis Ozone Factor Separation Process Analysis

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Two regimes of Atlantic multidecadal oscillation: cross-basin dependent or Atlantic-intrinsic

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Science Bulletin 2019年第3期64卷 198-204页

作者： Pengfei Lin Zipeng Yu Jianhua Lü Mengrong Ding Aixue Hu Hailong Liu State Key laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Atmospheric Sciences Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies Sun Yat-sen University Climate & Global Dynamics National Center for Atmospheric Research(USA)

The Atlantic Multidedal Oscillation(AMO) is a prominent mode of sea surface temperature variability in the Atlantic and incurs significant global influence. Most coupled models failed to reproduce the observed 50–80-year AMO, but were overwhelmed by a 10–30-year AMO. Here we show that the 50–80-year AMO and 10–30-year AMO represent two different AMO regimes. The key differences are:(1) the 50–80-year AMO involves transport of warm and saline Atlantic water into the Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian(GIN)Seas prior to reaching its maximum positive phase, while such a transport is weak for the 10–30-year AMO;(2) the zonality of atmospheric variability associated with the 50–80 year AMO favors the transport of warm and saline water into the GIN Seas;(3) the disappearance of Pacific variability weakens the zonality of atmospheric variability and the transport of warm and saline water into the GIN Seas, leading to the weakening of the 50–80-year AMO. In contrast, the 10–30-year AMO does not show dependence on the variability in Pacific and in the GIN Seas and may be an Atlantic-intrinsic mode. Our results suggest that differentiating these AMO regimes and a better understanding of the cross-basin connections are essential to reconcile the current debate on the nature of AMO and hence to its reliable prediction, which is still lacking in most of coupled models.

关键词： Atlantic multidecadal oscillation Cross-basin interaction Internal climate variability AMO regimes

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changes in surface air temperature over China under the 1.5 and 2.0 ℃ global warming targets

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Advances in Climate change Research 2018年第2期9卷 112-119页

作者： FU Yuan-Hai LU Ri-Yu GUO Dong Climate change Research Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China National Key laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

This study investigated the projected changes in the annual mean surface air temperature （SAT） over China under the 1.5 and 2.0 ℃ targets, by analyzing the outputs from 22 models of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5. Under the 1.5 ℃ target, the scope of changes in the average SAT over China is quite narrow and has the largest probability to increase by 1.7-2.0 ℃ under the various RCP pathways, although the time of occurrence of the 1.5 ℃ target has a large spread of 40-60 years. Similarly, the models consistently show that the average SAT over China would most likely increase by 2.4-2.7 ℃ under the 2.0 ℃ target. Furthermore, the warming shows a clear spatial distinction over China： being stronger in the northwest part and weaker in the southeast part. Under all RCP pathways, the SAT over the northwest part would increase by 1.9-2.1 ℃ for the 1.5℃ target, which is much stronger than the SAT increase over the southeast part （1.3-1.5 ℃）. A similar spatial pattern appears for the 2.0 ℃ target.

关键词： Temperature Warming 1.5 ℃ target 2.0 ℃ target China

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