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Untargeted and targeted mass spectrometry reveal the effects of theanine on the central and peripheral metabolomics of chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression in juvenile rats

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Journal of pharmaceutical analysis 2023年第1期13卷 73-87页

作者： Yanru Zhu Feng Wang Jiatong Han Yunli Zhao Miao Yu Mingyan Ma Zhiguo Yu Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis School of PharmacyZhejiang Pharmaceutical UniversityNingboZhejiang315100China Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis School of PharmacyShenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyang110016China

L-theanine has been shown to have a therapeutic effect on depression.However,whether L-theanine has an excellent preventive effect on depression in children and adolescents and what its mechanism is have not been well explained.Given the complexity of the pathogenesis of depression,this study investigated the preventive effect and mechanism of L-theanine on depression in juvenile rats by combining serum and hippocampal metabolomic strategies.Behavioral tests,hippocampal tissue sections,and serum and hippocampal biochemical indexes were studied,and the results confirmed the preventive effect of Ltheanine.Untargeted reversed-phase liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and targeted hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry were developed to analyze the metabolism changes in the serum and hippocampus to screen for potential biomarkers related to L-theanine treatment.The results suggested that 28 abnormal metabolites in the serum and hippocampus that were considered as potential biomarkers returned to nearnormal levels after L-theanine administration.These biomarkers were involved in various metabolic pathways,mainly including amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism.The levels of amino acids and neurotransmitters in the phenylalanine,tryptophan,and glutamic acid pathways were significantly reduced after L-theanine administration compared with chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced rats.In summary,L-theanine had a significant preventive effect on depression and achieved its preventive results on depression by regulating various aspects of the body,such as amino acids,lipids,and inflammation.This research systematically analyzed the mechanism of L-theanine in preventing depression and laid the foundation for applying L-theanine to prevent depression in children and adolescents.

关键词： L-theanine Depression Metabolomics Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

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Multi-factor combined biomarker screening strategy to rapidly diagnose Alzheimer's disease and evaluate drug effect based on a rat model

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Journal of pharmaceutical analysis 2022年第4期12卷 627-636页

作者： Yanmeng Liu Xinyue Zhang Weiwei Lin Nurmuhammat Kehriman Wen Kuang Xiaomei Ling The State Key laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of pharmaceutical analysis School of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100191China

Alzheimer's disease(AD)represents the main form of dementia;however,valid diagnosis and treatment measures are lacking.The discovery of valuable biomarkers through omics technologies can help solve this problem.For this reason,metabolomic analysis using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)was carried out on plasma,hippocampus,and cortex samples of an AD rat model.Based on the metabolomic data,we report a multi-factor combined biomarker screening strategy to rapidly and accurately identify potential biomarkers.Compared with the usual procedure,our strategy can identify fewer biomarkers with higher diagnostic specificity and sensitivity.In addition to diagnosis,the potential biomarkers identified using our strategy were also beneficial for drug evaluation.Multi-factor combined biomarker screening strategy was used to identify differential metabolites from a rat model of amyloid beta peptide 1e40(Aβ_(1-40))plus ibotenic acid-induced AD(compared with the controls)for the first time;lysophosphatidylcholine(LysoPC)and intermediates of sphingolipid metabolism were screened as potential biomarkers.Subsequently,the effects of donepezil and pine nut were successfully reflected by regulating the levels of the abovementioned biomarkers and metabolic profile distribution in partial least squaresdiscriminant analysis(PLS-DA).This novel biomarker screening strategy can be used to analyze other metabolomic data to simultaneously enable disease diagnosis and drug evaluation.

关键词： Biomarker discovery Metabolomics Multi-factor combined biomarker screening strategy Disease diagnosis Drug evaluation

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Potential use of a dried saliva spot(DSS)in therapeutic drug monitoring and disease diagnosis

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Journal of pharmaceutical analysis 2022年第6期12卷 815-823页

作者： Yu Han Xi-Ling Li Minghui Zhang Jing Wang Su Zeng Jun Zhe Min Key laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain Ministry of EducationDepartment of Pharmaceutical AnalysisCollege of PharmacyYanbian UniversityYanjiJilin133002China Institute of Drug Metabolism and pharmaceutical analysis Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug ResearchCollege of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China

In recent years,scientific researchers have increasingly become interested in noninvasive sampling methods for therapeutic drug monitoring and disease diagnosis.As a result,dried saliva spot(DSS),which is a sampling technique for collecting dried saliva samples,has been widely used as an alternative matrix to serum for the detection of target molecules.Coupling the DSS method with a highly sensitive detection instrument improves the efficiency of the preparation and analysis of biological samples.Furthermore,dried blood spots,dried plasma spots,and dried matrix spots,which are similar to those of the DSS method,are discussed.Compared with alternative biological fluids used in dried spot methods,including serum,tears,urine,and plasma,saliva has the advantage of convenience in terms of sample collection from children or persons with disabilities.This review aims to provide integral strategies and guidelines for dried spot methods to analyze biological samples by illustrating several dried spot methods.Herein,we summarize recent advancements in DSS methods from June 2014 to March 2021 and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the key aspects of this method,including sample preparation and method validation.Finally,we outline the challenges and prospects of such methods in practical applications.

关键词： Human saliva Dried saliva spot Therapeutic drug monitoring Disease diagnosis

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Unmodified methodologies in target discovery for small molecule drugs:A rising star

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2022年第12期33卷 4980-4988页

作者： Jiayue Tang Meng Ou Qiuling Zheng Ya Ding Key laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance Ministry of EducationChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing 210009China State Key laboratory of Natural Medicines Department of Pharmaceutical AnalysisCollege of PharmacyChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing 210009China

Target discovery,involving target identification and validation,is the prerequisite for drug discovery and screening.Novel methodologies and technologies for the precise discovery and confirmation of drug targets are powerful tools in understanding the disease,looking for a drug and elucidating the mechanism of drug treatment.Among the common target identification and confirmation methods,the modified method is time-consuming and laborious,which may reduce or change the activity of natural products.The unmodified methods developed in recent years without chemical modification have gradually become an important means of studying drug targets.A wide range of unmodified approaches have been reported,introducing and analyzing the recent emerging methodologies and technologies.This review highlights the advantages and limitations of these methods for the application of drug target discovery and presents an overview of their contributions to the target discovery of small molecule drugs.The application and future development trends of methodologies in target discovery are also prospected to provide a reference for drug target research.

关键词： Target discovery Target identification Small molecule drug Methodologies Unmodified

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Drug target discovery by magnetic nanoparticles coupled mass spectrometry

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Journal of pharmaceutical analysis 2021年第1期11卷 122-127页

作者： Dandan Xia Baoling Liu Xiaowei Xu Ya Ding Qiuling Zheng Department of pharmaceutical analysis School of PharmacyChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing210009China State Key laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing210009China Key laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing210009China

Drug target discovery is the basis of drug screening.It elucidates the cause of disease and the mechanism of drug action,which is the essential of drug innovation.Target discovery performed in biological systems is complicated as proteins are in low abundance and endogenous compounds may interfere with drug binding.Therefore,methods to track drug-target interactions in biological matrices are urgently required.In this work,a Fe_(3)O_(4) nanoparticle-based approach was developed for drug-target screening in biofluids.A known ligand-protein complex was selected as a principle-to-proof example to validate the feasibility.After incubation in cell lysates,ligand-modified Fe_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles bound to the target protein and formed complexes that were separated from the lysates by a magnet for further analysis.The large surface-to-volume ratio of the nanoparticles provides more active sites for the modification of chemical drugs.It enhances the opportunity for ligand-protein interactions,which is beneficial for capturing target proteins,especially for those with low abundance.Additionally,a one-step magnetic separation simplifies the pre-processing of ligand-protein complexes,so it effectively reduces the endogenous interference.Therefore,the present nanoparticle-based approach has the potential to be used for drug target screening in biological systems.

关键词： Drug-target discovery Nanoparticle Mass spectrometry

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pH-triggered cancer-targeting polymers:From extracellular accumulation to intracellular release

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Nano Research 2023年第4期16卷 5155-5168页

作者： Rizwan Ullah Khan Jinning Shao Jia-Yu Liao Linghui Qian Institute of Drug Metabolism and pharmaceutical analysis Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug ResearchCollege of Pharmaceutical SciencesCancer Center&Hangzhou Institute of Innovative MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

Stimuli-responsive polymers are promising to achieve targeted delivery,improved stability during circulation,and controlled release of therapeutic and diagnostic agents.Among them,pH-responsive polymeric nanocarriers have attracted significant attention as pH varies in different body fluids(e.g.,stomach,intestine,and colon)and intracellular organelles(e.g.,endosome,lysosome,and mitochondria)to maintain homeostasis,while distinctive pH changes are also found in certain pathological states.For example,the extracellular environment of the tumor is acidic,which can be employed to drive selective delivery.During the internalization process,since most nanocarriers enter cells upon endocytosis where a drop of pH from 6.5 to 5.0 can occur from endosome to lysosome,pH-sensitive groups have been developed for enhanced cargo release.In this review,both non-covalent and covalent interactions responsive to pH changes are introduced,with a focus on the structure-property relationship and their applications in cancer targeting and endosomal escape.

关键词： cancer targeting pH-responsive structure-property relationship charge shifting acid-labile linkage

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Advancements in the preparation of high-performance liquid chromatographic organic polymer monoliths for the separation of small-molecule drugs

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Journal of pharmaceutical analysis 2018年第2期8卷 75-85页

作者： Xiali Ding Jing Yang Yuming Dong Institute of pharmaceutical analysis School of PharmacyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansu 730000PR China Lanzhou Universty-Techcomp(China)Ltd.Joint Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis LanzhouGansu 730000PR China

The various advantages of organic polymer monoliths, including relatively simple preparation processes,abundant monomer availability, and a wide application range of pH, have attracted the attention of chromatographers. Organic polymer monoliths prepared by traditional methods only have macropores and mesopores, and micropores of less than 50 nm are not commonly available. These typical monoliths are suitable for the separation of biological macromolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids, but their ability to separate small molecular compounds is poor. In recent years, researchers have successfully modified polymer monoliths to achieve uniform compact pore structures. In particular, microporous materials with pores of 50 nm or less that can provide a large enough surface area are the key to the separation of small molecules. In this review, preparation methods of polymer monoliths for high-performance liquid chromatography, including ultra-high cross-linking technology, post-surface modification, and the addition of nanomaterials, are discussed. Modified monolithic columns have been used successfully to separate small molecules with obvious improvements in column efficiency.

关键词： High-performance liquid chromatography Polymer monolith Preparation methods Small molecules

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Two new ortho benzoquinones from Uncaria rhynchophylla

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2016年第3期14卷 232-235页

作者： ZHANG Qian CHEN Lei HU Le-Jian LIU Wen-Yuan FENG Feng QU Wei Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry China Pharmaceutical University Department of pharmaceutical analysis China Pharmaceutical University Key laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials China Pharmaceutical University

The present study was designed to determine the chemical constituents of the stems and hooks of Uncaria rhynchophylla. The chemical constituents were isolated and purified from CH_2Cl_2 fraction by chromatography. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses. Their cytotoxicity was tested using MTT method. Two new ortho benzoquinones, 3-diethylamino-5-methoxy-1, 2-benzoquinone(1) and 3-ethylamino-5-methoxy-1, 2-benzoquinone(2), together with a known compound isorhynchophyllic acid(3) were isolated from U. rhynchophylla. These compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against cancer cells A549, Hep G2 and A2780. Compounds 1 and 2 were new ortho benzoquinones and showed weak antiproliferative activities on A549, Hep G2 and A2780 cells. Compound 3 significantly inhibited the proliferation of A549, Hep G2 and A2780 cells with IC_(50) values being 5.8, 12.8 and 11.8 μmol·L^(–1), respectively.

关键词： Uncaria rhynchophylla Ortho benzoquinones Spectroscopic identification

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High-throughput discovery of highly selective reversible hMAO-B inhibitors based on at-line nanofractionation

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第4期14卷 1772-1786页

作者： Yu Fan Jincai Wang Jingyi Jian Yalei Wen Jiahao Li Hao Tian Jacques Crommen Wei Bi Tingting Zhang Zhengjin Jiang Institute of pharmaceutical analysis/Guangdong Province Key laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education(MOE)of China/College of Pharmacy Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632China KU Leuven-University of Leuven Pharmaceutical AnalysisDepartment of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological SciencesLeuven 3000Belgium laboratory of Analytical pharmaceutical Chemistry Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesCIRMUniversity of LiegeLiege B-4000Belgium Department of Neurology the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University/Clinical Neuroscience Institutethe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510630China

Human monoamine oxidase B(hMAO-B)has emerged as a pivotal therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease.Due to adverse effects and shortage of commercial drugs,there is a need for novel,highly selective,and reversible hMAO-B inhibitors with good blood-brain barrier permeability.In this study,a high-throughput at-line nanofractionation screening platform was established with extracts from Chuanxiong Rhizoma,which resulted in the discovery of 75 active compounds,including phenolic acids,volatile oils,and phthalides,two of which were highly selective novel natural phthalide hMAO-B inhibitors that were potent,selective,reversible and had good blood‒brain permeability.Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations elucidated the inhibition mechanism.Sedanolide(IC_(50)=103 nmol/L;SI=645)and neocnidilide(IC_(50)=131 nmol/L;SI=207)demonstrated their excellent potential as hMAO-B inhibitors.They offset the limitations of deactivating enzymes associated with irreversible hMAO-B inhibitors such as rasagiline.In SH-SY5Y cell assays,sedanolide(EC_(50)=0.962μmol/L)and neocnidilide(EC_(50)=1.161μmol/L)exhibited significant neuroprotective effects,comparable to the positive drugs rasagiline(EC_(50)=0.896μmol/L)and safinamide(EC_(50)=1.079μmol/L).These findings underscore the potential of sedanolide as a novel natural hMAO-B inhibitor that warrants further development as a promising drug candidate.

关键词： Human monoamine oxidase B inhibitors High-throughput screening At-linenanofractionation Parkinson's disease Cellular neuroprotection Traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs)

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Rapid identification of stigmastane-type steroid saponins from Vernonia amygdalina leaf based onα-glucosidase inhibiting activity and molecular networking

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2022年第11期20卷 846-853页

作者： GAO Juanjuan ZHAO Mengling SHAN Shujun LI Yongyi LUO Jun LI Yi School of Food Science and pharmaceutical Engineering Testing&Analysis CenterNanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China Jiangsu Key laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing 210009China

Steroid saponins are secondary metabolites with multiple medicinal values that are found in large quantities in natural medicines,especially Vernonia amygdalina,a famous nature medicine for the treatment of tonsillitis,diabetes,pneumonia.The current study was designed to combine molecular networking(MN)with diagnostic ions for rapid identification ofΔ^(7,9(11))stigmastane-type saponins which were theα-glucosidase inhibitory active substances in V.amygdalina.First,theα-glucosidase inhibitory activities of fiveΔ^(7,9(11))stigmastane-type steroid saponins that were previously isolated were screened,which indicated that theΔ^(7,9(11))stigmastane-type steroid saponin was one of the active constituents responsible for ameliorating diabetes.Furthermore,a strategy was proposed to identify stigmastane-type steroid saponins and verify the plausibility of derived fragmentation pathways by applying MN,MolNetEnhancer and unsupervised substructure annotation(MS2LDA).Based on this strategy,other sevenΔ^(7,9(11))stigmastane-type steroid saponins were identified from this plant.Our research provide scientific evidence for the antidiabetic potential of the steroid saponin-rich extract of V.amygdalina leaf.

关键词： Δ^(7,9(11))Stigmastane-type steroid saponins α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity Fragmentation pathways Diagnostic ions Molecular networking

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