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Probiotics against neoplastic transformation of gastric mucosa:Effects on cell proliferation and polyamine metabolism

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第37期20卷 13258-13272页

作者： Francesco Russo Michele Linsalata Antonella Orlando laboratory of nutritional pathophysiology National Institute for Digestive DiseasesI.R.C.C.S. "S.de Bellis"70013 Castellana Grotte (Ba)Italy

Gastric cancer is still the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide, accounting for about 10% of newly diagnosed neoplasms. In the last decades, an emerging role has been attributed to the relations between the intestinal microbiota and the onset of both gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal neoplasms. Thus, exogenous microbial administration of peculiar bacterial strains(probiotics) has been suggested as having a profound influence on multiple processes associated with a change in cancer risk. The internationally accepted definition of probiotics is live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. The possible effects on the gastrointestinal tract following probiotic administration have been investigated in vitro and in animal models, as well as in healthy volunteers and in patients suffering from different human gastrointestinal diseases. Although several evidences are available on the use of probiotics against the carcinogen Helicobacter pylori,little is still known about the potential cross-interactions among probiotics, the composition and quality of intestinal flora and the neoplastic transformation of gastric mucosa. In this connection, a significant role in cell proliferation is played by polyamines(putrescine, spermidine, and spermine). These small amines are required in both pre-neoplastic and neoplastic tissue to sustain the cell growth and the evidences here provided suggest that probiotics may act as antineoplastic agents in the stomach by affecting also the polyamine content and functions. This review will summarize data on the most widely recognized effects of probiotics against neoplastic transformation of gastric mucosa and in particular on their ability in modulating cell proliferation, paying attention to the polyamine metabolism.

关键词： Cell proliferation Gastric cancer Microbiota Polyamines Probiotics

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Planning and Implementing Food Fortification Programs to Combat Micronutrient Malnutrition: Iron

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2014年第10期5卷 880-888页

作者： Maria N García-Casal Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research Experimental Medicine Centre Pathophysiology Laboratory Caracas Venezuela

Iron deficiency anemia is the most prevalent nutritional deficiency in the world and food fortification is a cost-effective approach to combat it. This paper reviews the food fortification process with micronutrients, with special emphasis on iron and the most critical steps and common difficulties found when implementing a program. The first step is to measure the magnitude of the problem and the groups affected by iron deficiency and anemia, to determine if there is a need for fortification. Then the adequate iron compound and vehicle should be selected, to obtain a bioavailable form of iron in a frequently consumed food item without changing the taste, appearance or cooking characteristics of the final food item or complete meals containing it, to assure the acceptance by consumers. Before implementation, bioavailability studies are in order for the fortified food item and for complete meals especially typical or traditional meals, followed by field studies and pilot tests. Once implemented, the program should be monitored and evaluated continuously, and the impact on health assessed periodically to give the program the flexibility for continuation made changes or finalization when necessary. Other key elements for successful implementation of food fortification programs include the presence of a viable food industry;available channels for food marketing and distribution;a health care system to identify and monitor micronutrient malnutrition in the population;institutions for education, treatment and evaluation of the impact of the program;and continuous and effective input into the planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the intervention to ensure sustainability of the intervention.

关键词： Food Fortification Programs Anemia Iron Deficiency

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Recent advances in celiac disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第18期17卷 2259-2272页

作者： Hugh James Freeman Angeli Chopra Michael Tom Clandinin Alan BR Thomson Division of Gastroenterology University of British Columbia Division of General Internal Medicine University of Alberta Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science University of Alberta

Celiac disease now affects about one person in a hundred in Europe and North America. In this review, we consider a number of important and exciting recent developments, such as clinical associations, HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 predispositions, the concept of potential celiac disease, the use of new imaging/endoscopy techniques, and the development of refractory disease. This review will be of use to all internists, pediatricians and gastroenterologists.

关键词： Inflammation Infection Malabsorption pathophysiology Physiology

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Sexual differences of the effects of prenatal stress on the expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinaseas in the hippocampus of offspring rats

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Neural Regeneration Research 2006年第1期1卷 14-17页

作者： Qing Cai Zhongliang Zhu Xiaoli Fan Ning Jia Qinghong Li Liang Song Hui Li Jiankang Liu Department of Physiology and pathophysiology School of Medicine Key laboratory of Environment and Gene Related to Diseases Ministry of Education. Xi＇an Jiaotong University Xi＇an 710061 Shaanxi Province China College of Life Science Northwest University Xi＇an 710069 Shaanxi Province China Shaanxi Nature Museum Xi＇an 710061. ShaanxiProvince China Department of Pediatrics First Affiliated Hospital Xi＇an Jiaotong University Xi＇an 710061 Shaanxi Province China Institute for nutritional Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200031 China Department of Molecular and Cell Biology University of California Berkeley CA 94720

BACKGROUND： Prenatal stress has been shown to inhibit cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus and hippocampus, reduce hippocampal volume, and cause neuronal loss and oxidative damage in the hippocampus of offspring rats, but the sexual difference of the effects on offsprings is seldom referred to. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effect of prenatal stress to adult pregnant rats on expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinases （ERK） in hippocampus of the offspring rats of different genders. DESIGN ： A randomized and control animal experiment.SETTING： Department of Physiology and pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi＇an Jiaotong University. MATERIALS ： The experiments were carried out in the Key laboratory of Environment and Gene Related Diseases （Xi＇an Jiaotong University）, Ministry of Education between October 2005 and March 2006. Fifteen female and five male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were adopted. Female rats weighing 230-250 g and male rats weighing 280-350 g were used. METHODS： The virgin female rats were placed overnight with adult male rats （3：1） for mating. A total of twelve pregnant rats were randomly assigned to prenatal stress group （PNS group, n=6） and control group （n=6）. The pregnant rats of the PNS group were exposed to restraint stress on days 14-20 of pregnancy three times a day, 45 minutes for each time . The restraint device was a transparent plastic tube （6.8 cm in diameter） with air holes for breathing and closed end. The length could be adjusted to accommodate the size of the animals. To prevent habituation of animals to the daily procedure, restraint periods were randomly shifted within certain time periods （8：00-11：00, 11：00-14：00, and 16：00-19：00）. After birth, offsprings of all groups were culled to 8-10 litters in each group and housed in the same animal room, and kept together with their biologic mothers. The pregnant rats of the control group were left undisturbed. On day 21, after all the offspring were weaned, male and female

关键词： Sexual differences of the effects of prenatal stress on the expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinaseas in the hippocampus of offspring rats

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Micronutrient deficiencies in patients with chronic atrophic autoimmune gastritis: A review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第4期23卷 563-572页

作者： Federica Cavalcoli Alessandra Zilli Dario Conte Sara Massironi Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Postgraduate School of Gastroenterology Department of Pathophysiology and TransplantationUniversitàdegli Studi di Milano

Chronic atrophic autoimmune gastritis (CAAG) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease characterized by an immune response, which is directed towards the parietal cells and intrinsic factor of the gastric body and fundus and leads to hypochlorhydria, hypergastrinemia and inadequate production of the intrinsic factor. As a result, the stomach’s secretion of essential substances, such as hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor, is reduced, leading to digestive impairments. The most common is vitamin B12 deficiency, which results in a megaloblastic anemia and iron malabsorption, leading to iron deficiency anemia. However, in the last years the deficiency of several other vitamins and micronutrients, such as vitamin C, vitamin D, folic acid and calcium, has been increasingly described in patients with CAAG. In addition the occurrence of multiple vitamin deficiencies may lead to severe hematological, neurological and skeletal manifestations in CAAG patients and highlights the importance of an integrated evaluation of these patients. Nevertheless, the nutritional deficiencies in CAAG are largely understudied. We have investigated the frequency and associated features of nutritional deficiencies in CAAG in order to focus on any deficit that may be clinically significant, but relatively easy to correct. This descriptive review updates and summarizes the literature on different nutrient deficiencies in CAAG in order to optimize the treatment and the follow-up of patients affected with CAAG.

关键词： Chronic atrophic autoimmune gastritis nutritional deficiency Vitamin B12 Iron Vitamin C Vitamin D Calcium Malabsorption

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The SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling factors BAF60a, b, and c in nutrient signaling and metabolic control

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Protein & Cell 2018年第2期9卷 207-215页

作者： Ruo-Ran Wang Ran Pan Wenjing Zhang Junfen Fu Jiandie D. Lin Zhuo-Xian Meng Department of Pathology and pathophysiology Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province School of Medicine Chronic Disease Research Institute of School of Public Health Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China Children's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310003 China Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology University of Michigan Medical Center Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA

Metabolic syndrome has become a global epidemic that adversely affects human health. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders; however, the mechanisms that integrate these cues to regulate metabolic physiology and the development of metabolic disorders remain incompletely defined. Emerging evidence suggests that SWlISNF *** complexes are critical for directing metabolic reprogramming and adaptation in response to nutritional and other physiological sigrials. The ATP-dependent SWl/SNF ing complexes comprise up to 11 subunits, among which the BAF60 subunit serves as a key link between the core complexes and specific transcriptional factors. The BAF60 subunit has three members, BAF60a, b, and c. The distinct tissue distribution patterns and regulatory mechanisms of BAF60 proteins confer each isoform with specialized functions in different m^abolic cell types. In this review, we summarize the emerging roles and mechanisms of BAF60 proteins in the regulation of nutrient sensing and energy metabolism under physiological and disease conditions.

关键词： BAF60a BAF60b BAF60c chromatin- remodeling SWI/SNF energy metabolism nutrient sensing glucose lipid skeletal muscle liver

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A meta-analysis of oxidative stress markers in schizophrenia

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2010年第1期53卷 112-124页

作者： ZHANG Ming1,2,ZHAO ZhongMing3,HE Lin1,2,4 & WAN ChunLing1,2 1 Bio-X Center,Key laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders(Ministry of Education),Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200030,China 2 Institutes for nutritional Sciences,Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200031,China 3 Departments of Biomedical Informatics,Psychiatry,and Cancer Biology,Vanderbilt University Medical Center,Nashville,TN 37232,USA 4 Institutes of Biomedical Sciences,Fudan University,Shanghai 200032,China Bio-X Center Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Institutes for nutritional Sciences Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China Departments of Biomedical Informatics Psychiatry and Cancer Biology Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville USA Institutes of Biomedical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China

Oxidative stress has been identified as a possible element in the neuropathological processes of schizophrenia(SCZ).Alteration of oxidative stress markers has been reported in SCZ studies,but with inconsistent *** evaluate the risk of oxidative stress to schizophrenia,a meta-analysis was conducted,including five markers of oxidative stress [thiobarbituric reactive substances(TBARS),nitric oxide(NO),catalase(CAT),glutathione peroxidase(GP) and superoxide dismutase(SOD)] in SCZ patients versus healthy *** study showed that TBARS and NO significantly increased in SCZ,while SOD activity significantly decreased in the disorganized type of SCZ *** significant effect size was found for the activities of GP and CAT in SCZ patients(P>0.05).Egger’s regression test observed no significant publication bias across the oxidative stress markers,but found high heterogeneities in all the 5 *** subgroup analysis suggested that the ethnicity,sample size of patients and sample sources may contribute to the heterogeneity of the results for TBARS,NO and *** result further demonstrated the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.

关键词： schizophrenia oxidative stress meta-analysis lipid peroxidation nitric oxide antioxidant enzymes

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Gut microbiota bridges the iron homeostasis and host health

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2023年第9期66卷 1952-1975页

作者： Lanling Xiao Rui Tang Jie Wang Dan Wan Yulong Yin Liwei Xie State Key laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and ApplicationGuangdong Open Laboratory of Applied MicrobiologyInstitute of MicrobiologyGuangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510070China laboratory of Animal nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical RegionInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesChangsha 410125China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101408China Department of Psychiatry The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510000China Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Zhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510280China School of Public Health Xinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiang 453003China Department of Stomatology Shunde HospitalSouthern Medical University(The First People’s Hospital of ShundeFoshan)Foshan 528308China Department of Life Sciences Imperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUnited Kingdom

The gut microbiota acts as a symbiotic microecosystem that plays an indispensable role in the regulation of a number of metabolic processes in the host by secreting secondary metabolites and impacting the physiology and pathophysiology of numerous organs and tissues through the circulatory system. This relationship, referred to as the “gut-X axis”, is associated with the development and progression of disorders, including obesity, fatty liver and Parkinson's disease. Given its importance, the gut flora is a vital research area for the understanding and development of the novel therapeutic approaches for multiple disorders. Iron is a common but necessary element required by both mammals and bacteria. As a result, iron metabolism is closely intertwined with the gut microbiota. The host's iron homeostasis affects the composition of the gut microbiota and the interaction between host and gut microbiota through various mechanisms such as nutrient homeostasis, intestinal peaceability,gut immunity, and oxidative stress. Therefore, understanding the relationship between gut microbes and host iron metabolism is not only of enormous significance to host health but also may offer preventative and therapeutic approaches for a number of disorders that impact both parties. In this review, we delve into the connection between the dysregulation of iron metabolism and dysbiosis of gut microbiota, and how it contributes to the onset and progression of metabolic and chronic diseases.

关键词： gut microbiota iron metabolic syndrome diseases

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Stability of bioactive components in smoothies within an extended period of one year

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Food Bioscience 2022年第5期49卷 819-824页

作者： Willibald Wonisch Olaf Stanger Franz Tatzber Meinrad Lindschinger Michael Murkovic Gerhard Cvirn Otto Loewi Research Center Division of Physiological ChemistryMedical University of GrazNeue Stiftingtalstraße 6 HBK M1/D38010GrazAustria Kardinal Schwarzenberg Klinikum Kardinal Schwarzenbergplatz 15620Schwarzach i.P.Austria Otto Loewi Research Center Division of Immunology and PathophysiologyMedical University of GrazHeinrichstraße 31a8010GrazAustria Institute of nutritional and Metabolic Diseases Outpatient Clinic Laßnitzh¨oheHauptstraße 24/Top218301Laßnitzh¨oheAustria Institute of Biochemistry Graz University of TechnologyPetersgasse 10-12/II8010GrazAustria

The aim of the study was the colourimetric determination of polyphenols and antioxidative capacity in blueberry-and cranberry smoothies monthly over one year with high-throughput methods,i.e.,total polyphenols(PPm)and total antioxidant capacity(TAC).The main interest was directed to the smoothie storability in terms of light and temperature effects to prevent the consumption of antioxidants and the degradation of *** this respect,smoothies from the same batch were stored under four conditions,i.e.,room temperature(22℃±2℃)and light,fridge temperature(4±2℃)and light,room temperature(22℃±2℃)in the dark(glass bottles encased with tin foil)and fridge temperature(4±2℃)in the *** showed a significant temperature-dependent effect in favour of fridge temperature(4±2℃)compared to room temperature(22℃±2℃).Thus,optimal storage conditions for the shelf life of blueberry-and cranberry smoothies were observed at fridge temperature(4±2℃).At the same time,the exclusion of light had a minor impact in the case of *** polyphenols,the low temperature was also a key factor preventing degradation in contrast to dimming,which did not provide additional ***-promoting bioactive phytochemicals and antioxidants might be well preserved in smoothies for almost an entire year,superior at fridge temperature(4±2℃)and exclusion of light.

关键词： Bioactive compound Antioxidant activity Polyphenols Oxidative stress Storage condition Vitamin

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Heart and HAART:Two sides of the coin for HIV-associated cardiology issues

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World Journal of Cardiology 2010年第3期2卷 53-57页

作者： Giuseppe Barbaro Cardiology Unit Department of Medical PathophysiologyPoliclinico Umberto I°University "La Sapienza"00174 RomeItaly

The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART) has generated a contrast in the cardiac manifestations of acquired immunodeficiency *** developed countries,we have observed an approximately 30% reduction in the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-associated cardiomyopathy,possibly related to a reduction of opportunistic infections and *** developing countries,however,where the availablity of HAART is limited and the pathogenic impact of nutritional factors is significant,we have observed an approximately 32% increase in the prevalence of HIV-associated cardiomyopathy and a related high mortality rate from congestive heart ***,some HAART regimens in developed countries,especially those including protease inhibitors,have been shown to cause,in a high proportion of HIV-infected patients,an iatrogenic metabolic syndrome(HIV-lipodystrophy syndrome) that is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events related to a process of accelerated atherosclerosis,even in young HIV-infected *** cardiac screening is warranted for patients who are being evaluated for,or who are receiving,HAART regimens,particularly for those with known underlying cardiovascular risk factors.A close collaboration between car-diologists and infectious disease specialists is needed for decisions regarding the use of antiretrovirals,for a careful stratification of cardiovascular risk factors,and for cardiovascular monitoring of HIV-infected patients receiving HAART,according the most recent clinical guidelines.

关键词： Human immunodeficiency virus Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome Cardiovascular disease Lipodystrophy syndrome Highly active antiretroviral therapy

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