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Environmental pollution and DNA methylation： carcinogenesis, clinical significance, and practical applications

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Frontiers of Medicine 2015年第3期9卷 261-274页

作者： Yi Cao laboratory of molecular and experimental pathology Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650223 China

Environmental pollution is one of the main causes of human cancer. Exposures to environmental carcinogens result in genetic and epigenetic alterations which induce cell transformation. Epigenetic changes caused by environmental pollution play important roles in the development and progression of environmental pollution-related cancers. Studies on DNA methylation are among the earliest and most conducted epigenetic research linked to cancer. In this review, the roles of DNA methylation in carcinogenesis and their significance in clinical medicine were summarized, and the effects of environmental pollutants, particularly air pollutants, on DNA methylation were introduced. Furthermore, prospective applications of DNA methylation to environmental pollution detection and cancer prevention were discussed.

关键词： environmental pollution DNA methylation cancer biomarker diagnosis therapy prevention

Isolation, Identification, and Herbicidal Activity of Metabolites Produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa CB-4

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第8期13卷 1719-1726页

作者： YANG Juan CAO Hong-zhe WANG Wei ZHANG Li-hui DONG Jin-gao Mycotoxin and molecular Plant pathology laboratory Agricultural University of Hebei

CB-4, a bacterial strain with highly effective herbicidal activity, was isolated from infected corn leaves. Through morphology, physiological and biochemical tests, and 16 S ribosomal DNA gene sequencing methods, CB-4 was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We conducted activity-evaluation experiments in the laboratory to assess the herbicidal potential of metabolites produced by strain CB-4. Crude extracts of strain CB-4 have high inhibition activity on Digitaria sanguinalis. In general, the root and shoot growth parameters of D. sanguinalis were significantly reduced by metabolites of strain CB-4. The IC50 of the culture filtrate extracts for the radicula and coleoptile of D. sanguinalis were 0.299 and 0.210 mg mL-1, respectively. Component 2 of the herbicidal activity of the crude toxin from strain CB-4 was successfully purified for the first time by using high-speed counter current chromatography with a two-phase solvent system composed of petroleum ether-ethyl acetate-methanol-water（4：5：4：5, v/v） and high-performance liquid chromatography. We concluded that the metabolites of strain CB-4 have the potential to be developed as a microbe-based herbicide.

关键词： Pseudomonas aeruginosa bioherbicide biocontrol HSCCC HPLC

Isolation and identification of Serratia marcescens Ha1 and herbicidal activity of Ha1 ‘pesta’ granular formulation

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第7期14卷 1348-1355页

作者： YANG Juan WANG Wei YANG Peng TAO Bu YANG Zheng ZHANG Li-hui DONG Jin-gao Mycotoxin and molecular Plant pathology laboratory Agricultural University of Hebei

A total of 479 bacterial strains were isolated from brine （Bohai, Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province, China）. Bioassay results indicated that 4 strains named Hal, Hal7, Ha38, and Ha384 had herbicidal activity. And strain Hal had the highest effective herbicidal activity. As a result, this study aims to JdentJfy strain Hal, characterize its physiological and biological activities, evaluate the herbicidal activity of its metabolites, and develop a ＇pesta＇ formulation and assess its effectiveness on Digitaria sanguinalis. Hal was identified as Serratia marcescens based on 16S rDNA sequencing. This strain has a flagellum, a diameter of 0.5 to 0.8 IJm, and a length of 0.9 to 2.0 IJm. The indole test shows positive results, and the catalase enzyme exhibits strong positive reactions. Results further showed that the inhibitory concentration （IC50） of the crude extracts to D. sanguinalis radicula and coleoptile were 3.332 and 2.828 mg mL-1, respectively. Both the suppression of D. sanguinalis and the cell viability of the Hal formulation in ＇pesta＇ were higher when stored at 4℃ than at （25＋2）℃. These results indi- cated that S. marcescens Hal can potentially be used as a biocontrol agent against D. sanguinalis.

关键词： Serratia marcescens bioherbicide biocontrol pesta

Next-generation sequencing and its clinical application

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2019年第1期16卷 4-10页

作者： Dahui Qin molecular Diagnostic laboratory Department of Pathology Moffitt Cancer Center

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a new technology used for DNA and RNA sequencing and variant/mutation detection. NGS can sequence hundreds and thousands of genes or whole genome in a short period of time. The sequence variants/mutations detected by NGS have been widely used for disease diagnosis, prognosis, therapeutic decision, and follow up of patients. The capacity of its massive parallel sequencing offers new opportunities for personalized precision medicine.

关键词： NGS DNA capacity

Transcriptome analysis of sugar beet root maggot （Tetanops myopaeformis） genes modulated by the Beta vulgaris host

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Insect Science 2018年第2期25卷 222-234页

作者： Haiyan Li Ann C. Smigocki USDA-ARS Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory Beltsville Maryland US

Sugar beet root maggot （SBRM, Tetanops myopaeformis von R6der） is a major but poorly understood insect pest of sugar beet （Beta vulgaris L.）. The molecular mecha- nisms underlying plant defense responses are well documented, however, little information is available about complementary mechanisms for insect adaptive responses to overcome host resistance. To date, no studies have been published on SBRM gene expression pro- filing. Suppressive subtractive hybridization （SSH） generated more than 300 SBRM ESTs differentially expressed in the interaction of the pest with a moderately resistant （F1016） and a susceptible （F1010） sugar beet line. Blast2GO v. 3.2 search indicated that over 40% of the differentially expressed genes had known functions, primarily driven by fruit fly D. melanogaster genes. Expression patterns of 18 selected EST clones were confirmed by RT-PCR analysis. Gene Ontology （GO） analysis predicted a dominance of metabolic and catalytic genes involved in the interaction of SBRM with its host. SBRM genes function- ing during development, regulation, cellular process, signaling and under stress conditions were annotated. SBRM genes that were common or unique in response to resistant or susceptible interactions with the host were identified and their possible roles in insect responses to the host are discussed.

关键词： Beta vulgaris resistant sugar beet root maggot suppressive subtractivehybridization susceptible transcriptome

The Extraction,Isolation and Identification of Exudates from the Roots of Flaveria bidentis

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第1期13卷 105-114页

作者： YANG Xing ZHANG Li-hui SHI Cui-ping SHANG Yan ZHANG Jin-lin HAN Jian-min DONG Jin-gao molecular Plant pathology laboratory College of Life ScienceAgricultural University of Hebei

Large amounts ofFlaveria bidentis＇s root culturing solution were obtained by using DFT （deep flow technique） equipment and these solution which was vacuum concentrated （10, 20 mg mL-~） can have a certain inhibition on Triticum aestivum, Cucumis sativus, Raphanus sativus, Amaranthus retroflexus, Setaria viridis, Chenopodium album, Echinochloa crusgalli and Chloris virgata. This outcome suggested some active compounds in the root exudates ofFIaveria bidentis can inhibit the germination, seedling elongation and root length. The dichloromethane extract of root exudates was identificated by GC-MS, and 29 kinds of compounds, including esters, hydrocarbons, ketones, thiazole, amines, etc. were obtained and the phthalate n-octyl ester, phthalate 2-ethylhexyl ester were proved to be allelochemicals. The culturing solution of root exudates was separated through the resin column and silica gel column and a component inhibiting seedling height, root length and fresh weight of wheat was got. There were 6 kinds of organic compounds in this component including dioctyl phthalate, 1,2-phthalate, mono（2-ethylhexyl） ester by GC-MS.

关键词： extraction isolation identification exudates Flaveria bidentis

Pathobiology of the neutrophil-intestinal epithelial cell interaction:Role in carcinogenesis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第46期16卷 5790-5800页

作者： Paul M Hofman laboratory of Clinical Experimental PathologyHuman BiobankUniversity of Nice Sophia Antipolis

The role of chronic inflammation,acting as an independent factor,on the onset of gastrointestinal carcinogenesis is now well ***,even if there is an increase in the number of elements directly involving polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL),as a major actor in digestive carcinogenesis,the different cellular and molecular events occurring in this process are still not completely *** transepithelial migration of PMNL,which is the ultimate step of the afflux of PMNL into the digestive mucosa,is a complex phenomenon involving sequential interaction of molecules expressed both on PMNL and on digestive epithelial *** inflammatory areas rich in PMNL [so-called (chronic active inflammation)] and iterative transepithelial migration of PMNL certainly evoke intracellular signals,which lead toward progressive transformation of *** these different signals,the mutagenic effect of reactive oxygen species and nitrates,the activation of the nuclear factor-κB pathway,and the modulation of expression of certain microRNA are key *** the initiation of carcinogenesis,PMNL are involved in the progression and invasion of digestive carcinomas,with which they *** is noteworthy that different subpopulations of PMNL,which can have some opposite effects on tumor growth,in association with different levels of transforming growth factor-β and with the number of CD8 positive T lymphocytes,could be present during the development of digestive *** factors that involve PMNL,such as massive elastase release,and the production of angiogenic factors,can participate in the progression of neoplastic cells through *** may play a major role in the onset of metastases,since they allow the tumor cells to cross the endothelial barrier and to migrate into the blood ***,PMNL play a role,alone or in association with other cell parameters,in the initiation,promotion,progression and dissemination of digestive carcinomas.

关键词： Neutrophils Intestinal epithelial cells Carcinogenesis Cytokines Nuclear factor-κB pathway MicroRNA Reactive oxygen species

Recent advances in the effects of microwave radiation on brains

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Military Medical Research 2018年第2期5卷 165-177页

作者： Wei-Jia Zhi Li-Feng Wang Xiang-Jun Hu laboratory of experimental pathology Beijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijing 100850China

This study concerns the effects of microwave on health because they pervade diverse fields of our lives. The brain has been recognized as one of the organs that is most vulnerable to microwave radiation. Therefore, in this article, we reviewed recent studies that have explored the effects of microwave radiation on the brain, especially the hippocampus, including analyses of epidemiology, morphology, electroencephalograms, learning and memory abilities and the mechanisms underlying brain dysfunction. However, the problem with these studies is that different parameters, such as the frequency, modulation, and power density of the radiation and the irradiation time, were used to evaluate microwave radiation between studies. As a result, the existing data exhibit poor reproducibility and comparability. To determine the specific dose-effect relationship between microwave radiation and its biological effects, more intensive studies must be performed.

关键词： Microwave Central nervous system Dysfunction of learning and memory abilities

Exaptation at the molecular genetic level

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2019年第4期62卷 437-452页

作者： Jürgen Brosius Institute of experimental pathology (ZMBE) Centre for Molecular Biology of Inflammation University of Münster Brandenburg Medical School (MHB)

The realization that body parts of animals and plants can be recruited or coopted for novel functions dates back to, or even predates the observations of Darwin. S.J. Gould and E.S. Vrba recognized a mode of evolution of characters that differs from adaptation. The umbrella term aptation was supplemented with the concept of exaptation. Unlike adaptations, which are restricted to features built by selection for their current role, exaptations are features that currently enhance fitness, even though their present role was not a result of natural selection. Exaptations can also arise from nonaptations; these are characters which had previously been evolving neutrally. All nonaptations are potential exaptations. The concept of exaptation was expanded to the molecular genetic level which aided greatly in understanding the enormous potential of neutrally evolving repetitive DNA—including transposed elements, formerly considered junk DNA—for the evolution of genes and genomes. The distinction between adaptations and exaptations is outlined in this review and examples are given. Also elaborated on is the fact that such distinctions are sometimes more difficult to determine; this is a widespread phenomenon in biology, where continua abound and clear borders between states and definitions are rare.

关键词： exaptation adaptation aptation neofunctionalization subfunctionalization non-protein coding RNA cooptation recruitment novel functional gene modules de novo genes retrogenes