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Crustal magma oxidation state and endowments in porphyry copper deposits

Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 226-236页

作者： Yumin AI Massimo CHIARADIA Chao WU Huayong CHEN Key laboratory of mineralogy and Metallogeny Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Earth Sciences University of Geneva Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials

Porphyry copper deposits（PCDs） supply the majority of the world's copper（Cu） as well as significant amounts of molybdenum（Mo） and gold（Au）. The formation of these deposits is controlled by a variety of geological factors, among which the magmatic oxidation is one of the focuses of current research. This study investigates the redox characteristics of arc magmas by analyzing the ratio of vanadium（V） to scandium（Sc） and its correlation with the oxygen fugacity （fO2） of magmas from arcs of various crustal thicknesses globally. We compiled an extensive dataset of published V/Sc values and studied the partition coefficients of Vand Sc between minerals and silicate melts across various magmatic environments. The results demonstrate that fractional crystallization of magnetite markedly reduces V/Sc values of the residual melt. Furthermore, magnesium number（Mg#） at the onset of magnetite fractionation is strongly positively correlated with fO2of the equilibrium magma. Based on this,the oxidation of arc magmas from different crustal thicknesses can be evaluated. The result suggests that magmas generated in crusts thicker than 20 km tend to be more oxidized with increasing crust thickness. This trend is attributed to enhanced intracrustal differentiation processes involving garnet and amphibole, particularly in mature island and continental arcs. In contrast,magmas in thinner arc crusts（<20 km）, which are significantly influenced by subducted slab materials, display higher oxidation states than most of their thicker crust counterparts. These findings suggest that both subduction dynamics and crustal thickness play a vital role in determining the oxidation state of arc magmas and, consequently, their capacity to generate PCDs. Highly oxidized, primitive arc magmas are less favorable for PCD formation due to that they tend to experience magnetite fractionation and thus sulfide saturation in the early stage of magma evolution, a process leading to copper depletion. On the contra

关键词： Magma evolution V/Sc systematics Magnetite Oxygen fugacity Porphyry copper deposits

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Constraints on what controls millennial-scale basin-wide denudation across mountain belts, Asia

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 74-93页

作者： Ye YANG Steven A.BINNIE Sheng XU Cong-Qiang LIU Tibor J.DUNAI Institute of Surface-Earth System Science School of Earth System Science Tianjin University Institute of Geology and mineralogy University of Cologne

The terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide dataset consisting of 123310Be measurements of fluvial sediment samples across the Asian mountain belts is used to constrain the influence of climate,tectonics and topography on Earth-surface denudation processes.10Be-derived basin-wide denudation rates were recalculated using a Monte Carlo simulation approach that relied on pixel-by-pixel production *** rates derived span four orders of magnitude,from 7.4±0.7 mm kyr-1（1σ;Central Tibetan Plateau） to 9,646744+777mm kyr-1（1σ;Southern Tibetan Plateau）,with a median of 186 mm *** our results with the traditional basin-wide production rate scaling model using a centroid coordinate and mean elevation,suggests that 96.6%of production rates will be underestimated using the latter method,especially for basins with a large *** bias between both methods reaches as large as 40%,caused by basin hypsometry and the nonlinear scaling of production rate with elevation and *** of the correlations between uniformly recalculated denudation rates and tectonics,climate,topography and rock lithology will facilitate the extrapolation of denudation rates in unknown basins using available *** the perspective of local scales,precipitation coupled with neotectonics-driven landslides is likely the most influential factor in subtropical Taiwan Island,while topography primarily constrains surface denudation rates in the eastern Tibetan Plateau within a narrow range of *** highland regions with glacier coverage,such as the Pamir,central and southern Tibetan Plateau high denudation rates are affected by glaciation,whereas lower precipitation and high erosion base level may limit river incision and evolving relief in the Central Tibetan *** contrast to local-scale findings highlighting a dominant factor constraining denudation rate,our large-scale quantitative analyses across the Asian mountain belts finds that （1） topographic metrics including

关键词： 10Be-derived denudation rate Climate change Tectonic uplift Topographic gradient Asian mountains

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First-order character of the displacive structural transition in BaWO_4

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Chinese Physics B 2012年第8期21卷 365-373页

作者：谭大勇肖万生周微陈鸣熊小林宋茂双 Key laboratory of mineralogy and Metallogeny Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of Sciences

Nearly all displacive transitions have been considered to be continuous or second order, and the rigid unit mode （RUM） provides a natural candidate for the soft mode. However, in-situ X-ray diffraction and Raman measurements show clearly the first-order evidences for the scheelite-to-fergusonite displacive transition in SaWO4： a 1.6% volume collapse, coexistence of phases, and hysteresis on release of pressure. Such first-order signatures are found to be the same as the soft modes in BaWO4, which indicates the scheelite-to-fergusonite displacive phase transition hides a deeper physical mechanism. By the refinement of atomic displacement parameters, we further show that the first-order character of this phase transition stems from a coupling of large compression of soft BaOs polyhedrons to the small displacive distortion of rigid WO4 tetrahedrons. Such a coupling will lead to a deeper physical insight in the phase transition of the common scheelite-structured compounds.

关键词： BaWO4 pressure-induced phase transitions X-ray diffraction Raman scattering

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Metallogenesis and major challenges of porphyry copper systems above subduction zones

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Science China Earth Sciences 2020年第7期63卷 899-918页

作者： Huayong CHEN Chao WU Key laboratory of mineralogy and Metallogeny Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of Sciences

Porphyry copper±molybdenum±gold deposits(PCDs) are the most representative magmatic-hydrothermal metallogenic system above subduction zones with important economic value. Previous studies revealed that large PCDs are generally formed from initial arc magmas(from subduction-induced partial melting of the mantle wedge), which eventually ascend to the shallow crust(3–5 km) for mineralization after a series of complex evolution processes. These processes include(1) the dehydration or partial melting of subducting slab, which induces partial melting of the metasomatized mantle wedge;(2)the ascent of mantle-derived magma to the bottom of the lower crust, which subsequently undergoes crustal processes such as assimilation plus fractional crystallization(AFC) or melting, assimilation, storage and homogenization(MASH);(3) the magma chamber formation at the bottom of the lower, middle and upper crust;(4) the final emplacement and volatilization of porphyry stocks;and(5) the accumulation of ore-forming fluids and metal precipitation. Despite the many decades of research, many issues involving the PCD metallogenic mechanism still remain to resolve, such as(1) the tectonic control on the geochemical characteristics of ore-forming magma;(2) the reason for the different lifespans of the long-term magmatic arc evolution and geologically "instantaneous" mineralization processes;(3) the source of ore-forming materials;(4) the relative contributions of metal pre-enrichment to mineralization by the magma source and by magmatic evolution;and(5) the decoupling behaviors of Cu and Au during the pre-enrichment. These issues point out the direction for future PCD metallogenic research, and the resolution to them will deepen our understanding of the metallogenesis at convergent plate boundaries.

关键词： Subduction zone Porphyry Cu deposit Metallogenesis

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Study on Late Cretaceous-Cenozoic exhumation of the Yanji area,NE China: insights from low-temperature thermochronology

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Acta Geochimica 2019年第6期38卷 815-833页

作者： Xiaoming Li Key laboratory of mineralogy and Metallogeny Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences

The Yanji area,northeastern China,a part of the orogenic collage between the North China Block in the south and the Jiamusi-Khanka Massifs in the northeast,is the most likely location where the Pacific Plate subduction・related magmatic activities and subsequent exhumation processes ***,we report new low-temperature thermochronology of apatite and zircon data from the granitoid samples in the Yanji *** exhumation rates of Tianfozhishan,Yanji area,were〜0.049 and〜0.073 mm/year,interpreted from the elevations and apatite and zircon fission track ages,*** exhumation,integrated with the geological setting,suggested that the paleogeothermal gradient of the Tianfozhishan,even extending to the Yanji area,was possibly to be greater than 35℃/km in the Late *** thermal history modeling of the data indicates a basically similar pattern,but the various timing for different samples between the Oligocene-Early Miocene and the Middle Miocene in the Yanji *** hence conclude that a fourstages of cooling,from〜6.7℃/Ma(during the Late Cretaceous),to〜0.8℃/Ma(during the Late Cretaceous to the Oligocene-Early Miocene),then to〜2-3℃/Ma with varied styles(between the Oligocene-Early Miocene and the Middle Miocene),and finally to3 km under a reasonable paleogeothermal gradient(>35℃/km),speculated from the possible exhumation rate of *** with the tectonic setting,this exhumation,including two stages of pronounced tectonic uplift and denudation and two stages of weak exhumation driven by the low regional erosion rate,is possibly related to the subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasian Plate since the Late *** study used more robust evidence to propose higher paleogeothermal gradient(>35℃/km),reflecting exhumation of>3 km in the Yanji area since the Late Cretaceous.

关键词： Low-temperature thermochronology Exhumation Pacific Plate subduction Yanji area Late Cretaceous-Cenozoic

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Late Mesozoic magmatism and tectonic evolution in the Southern margin of the North China Craton

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Science China Earth Sciences 2017年第11期60卷 1959-1975页

作者： GAO XinYu ZHAO TaiPing Key laboratory of mineralogy and Metallogeny Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China

Late Mesozoic granitic magmatism(158–112 Ma) are widespread in the southern margin of the North China Craton(NCC), contemporary with many world-class Mo-Au-Ag-Pb-Zn polymetallic deposits. There are abrupt changes in the elements and isotopic compositions of these granites at about 127 Ma. The early stage(158–128 Ma) granites show slightly or no negative Eu anomalies, large ion lithophile elements enriched and heavy REE depleted(such as Y and Yb), belonging to typical I-type granite. The late stage(126–112 Ma) granites are characterized by A-type and/or highly fractionated I-type granite, with higher contents of SiO2, K2 O, Y, Yb and Rb/Sr ratio and lower contents of Sr, δEu value and Sr/Y ratio than that of the early-stage ***, the whole rock Nd and Hf isotopic compositions of the granites younger than 127 Ma show more depleted than those of the older one. The two stages of Late Mesozoic granites were derived from a source region of the ancient basement of the southern margin of the NCC incorporated the mantle material. The late stage(126–112 Ma) granites contain more fractions of mantle material with depleted isotopic composition than the early ones. The granites record evidence for a strong crust-mantle interaction. They formed in an intracontinental extensional setting which was related to lithospheric thinning and asthenospheric upwelling in this region, which was possibly caused by westward subduction of the Paleo-Pacific plate. 127 Ma is an critical period of the transformation of the tectonic regime.

关键词： Southern margin of the North China Craton Late Mesozoic Granite Origin Tectonic evolution

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Volatile and C-H-O isotopic compositions of giant Fe-Ti-V oxide deposits in the Panxi region and their implications for the sources of volatiles and the origin of Fe-Ti oxide ores

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Science China Earth Sciences 2012年第11期55卷 1782-1795页

作者： WANG Christina Yan Key laboratory of mineralogy and Metallogeny Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China

The Panzhihua,Hongge,and Baima Fe-Ti-V oxide deposits in the Panzhihua-Xichang(Panxi) region are hosted in large layered mafic-ultramafic *** layered intrusions intrude either the Neoproterozoic Dengying Formation,composed mainly of limestone,or the Paleoproterozoic Hekou Formation,composed of meta-sedimentary-volcanic *** remains unclear if the wall rocks have been involved during the fractionation of magmas and have affected the sequence of crystallization of Fe-Ti *** and their C-H-O isotopic compositions of magnetite,apatite,clinopyroxene,and plagioclase of different types of ores from the three intrusions are analyzed using a technique of stepwise heating mass spectrometer to evaluate the role of wall rocks in the formation of Fe-Ti oxide *** released from magnetite are composed mainly of H 2 O and CO 2,whereas the other minerals are composed mainly of H 2 O,CO 2 and H *** 800-1200°C temperature interval,the average 13 C values of CO 2 of all the minerals from the three intrusions range from 7.7‰ to 13.5‰ and the average 18 O CO 2 values from 19.1‰ to 19.5‰,which are scattered in a mixed field with basalt and the two types of wall rocks as end-members,indicating that CO 2 from the wall rocks may have been involved in the magmas from which the three intrusions *** 400-800 C temperature interval,both 13 C values(13.7‰ to 17.9‰ on the average) and 18 O values(16.2‰ to 19.2‰ on the average) of CO 2 of all the minerals are lower than those for 800-1200 C temperature interval,and much closer to the values of the wall *** H 2 O released at the 400-800 C temperature interval has relatively low D values ranging from 90‰ to 115‰,also indicating the involvement of fluids from the wall *** average bulk contents of volatiles released from magnetite of the Hongge,Baima,and Panzhihua intrusions are 4891,2996,and 1568 mm 3 STP/g,respectively,much higher than those released from other minerals in total,which are 382

关键词： magnetite volatiles C-H-O isotope Fe-Ti-V oxide ore Panxi region

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Petrogenesis of the Payangazu Complex in Southern Mandalay, Central Myanmar and Its Tectonic Implications

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Journal of Earth Science 2019年第1期30卷 20-36页

作者： Kaixuan Li Huaying Liang Zhiwei Bao Wenting Huang Jian Zhang Long Ren Key laboratory of mineralogy and Metallogeny Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

The Payangazu complex in the central Myanmar is composed mainly of quartz diorite,granodiorite,and some synplutonic mafic *** quartz diorite and granodiorite have zircon U-Pb ages of 130.5±4.0(MSWD=3.5)and 118.4±2.5 Ma(MSWD=2.4),*** samples of the quartz diorite and granodiorite are metaluminous,enriched in large-ion lithophile elements like LREE,Rb,Th,and U,and depleted in high field-strength elements such as HREE,Nb,Ta,P,and Ti,indicative of arc-type magmatic *** rock samples of the quartz diorite haveε_(Hf)(t)value of+0.6,initial ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr ratios of 0.708 6 to 0.710 0,andε_(Nd)(t)values of-4.8 to-4.9;whereas rocks of the granodiorite are relatively isotopically enriched,withε_(Hf)(t)values of-5.1 to-7.2,initial ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr ratios of 0.711 7 to 0.711 8,andε_(Nd)(t)values of-8.7 *** isotopic data together with the high Mg~#(both the quartz diorite and granodiorite have Mg~#values of>40)suggest a strong involvement of mantle materials in the genesis of the parent *** possible petrogenetic process may be that the ascending of melts from partial melting of metasomatized mantle wedge triggered by dehydration of subducted slab resulted in partial melting of the lower crust and mixed with the *** Early Cretaceous intrusions from the complex are older than those found in the eastern Wuntho-Popa arc in western Myanmar,eastern Himalaya,and western Yunnan which are interpreted to be related to the Neo-Tethyan subduction,and haveε_(Nd)(t),ε_(Hf)(t)values lower than the *** the contrary,the ages and geochemical characteristics of the Payangazu complex are consistent with some of the intrusions in the northern magmatic belt in Tibet,eastern Himalaya,and western Yunnan which are believed to be associated with the subduction of the Bangong-Nujiang Ocean ***,we propose that the Early Cretaceous intrusions in the central Myanmar are most likely related to the southward subduction of an ocean slab that wa

关键词： central Myanmar zircon U-Pb age isotope Early Cretaceous subduction

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Textures and mineral compositions of the Xinjie layered intrusion,SW China:Implications for the origin of magnetite and fractionation process of Fe-Ti-rich basaltic magmas

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Geoscience Frontiers 2013年第5期4卷 503-515页

作者： Huan Dong Changming Xing Christina Yan Wang Key laboratory of mineralogy and Metallogeny Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

The Xinjie layered intrusion in the Panxi region,SW China,hosts both Fe-Ti oxide and platinum-group element（PGE） sulfide *** intrusion can be divided,from the base upward,into UnitsⅠ,ⅡandⅢ,in terms of mineral ***ⅠandⅡare mainly composed of wehrlite and clino-pyroxenite, whereas UnitⅢis mainly composed of *** sulfide-rich layers mainly occur in Unit I, whereas thick Fe-Ti oxide-rich layers mainly occur in UnitⅢ.An ilmenite-rich layer occurs at the top of UnitⅠ.Fe-Ti oxides include magnetite and *** amounts of cumulus and intercumulus magnetite occur in UnitsⅠandⅡ.Cumulus magnetite grains are commonly euhedral and enclosed within olivine and *** have high Cr2O3 contents ranging from 6.02 to 22.5 wt.%,indicating that they are likely an early crystallized phase from *** magnetite that usually displays ilmenite exsolution occupies the interstices between cumulus olivine crystals and coexists with interstitial clinopyroxene and *** magnetite has Cr2O3 ranging from 1.65 to 6.18 wt.%, lower than cumulus *** intercumulus magnetite may have crystallized from the trapped *** amounts of magnetite in UnitⅢcontains Cr2O3（＆lt;0.28 wt.%） much lower than magnetite in UnitsⅠandⅡ.The magnetite in UnitⅢis proposed to be accumulated from a Fe-Ti-rich *** Fe-Ti-rich melt is estimated to contain 35.9 wt.%of SiO2,26.9 wt.%of FeOt,8.2 wt.%of TiO2,13.2 wt.%of CaO, 8.3 wt.%of MgO,5.5 wt.%of Al2O3 and 1.0 wt.%of *** composition is comparable with the Fe-rich melts in the Skaergaard and Sept Iles *** non-reactive microstructures,granophyre pockets and ilmenite-rich intergrowths,are representative of Si-rich melt and Fe-Ti-rich melt,and are the direct evidence for the existence of an immiscible Fe-Ti-rich melt that formed from an evolved ferro-basaltic magma.

关键词： Geochemistry Fe-Ti oxides Mineral composition The Xinjie layered mafic-ultramafic intrusion Emeishan large igneous province

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Shock-produced akimotoite in the Suizhou L6 chondrite

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Science China Earth Sciences 2015年第6期58卷 876-880页

作者： CHEN Ming XIE XianDe State Key laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Key laboratory of mineralogy and Metallogeny Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences

Shock-produced akimotoite was identified in the Suizhou chondritic meteorite, which occurs in two kinds of occurrence. The first is the irregular layers of akimotoite up to 4 ?m in thickness occurring in fractures and cracks of low-Ca pyroxene enclosed in the shock veins. The second is the zonal polycrystalline aggregates of akimotoite in shocked pyroxene grains close to the shock vein, where akimotoite occurs in a zonal area in between pyroxene and Mg Si O3-glass as irregular small clumps up to 5 ?m in size. This investigation suggests a solid-state transformation mechanism of pyroxene to akimotoite, and that akimotoite should have nucleated and grew in the area with abundant defects caused by shock deformation because the defect significantly enhances the solid-state reactivity and the kinetics of nucleation of high-pressure phase. The spatial relationship among the composed grains of pyroxene, akimotoite and Mg Si O3-glass(possibly vitrified perovskite) demonstrates a temperature gradient from the vein wall to the unmelted chondritic meteorite.

关键词： pyroxene akimotoite perovskite shock vein Suizhou meteorite

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