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Multiplex Rapid Test with Acceptable Diagnosis Performance as a Solution to Increase Diagnosis of Hepatitis B and C Viruses in Pregnant Women in an Area of High Prevalence of Both Hepatitis Viruses Associated with HIV

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Open Journal of medical Microbiology 2024年第1期14卷 50-65页

作者： Catherine Boni-Cisse Nina Esther Onstira Ngoyi Hermione Dahlia Mossoro-Kpinde Noella Packo Rabi Senekian Hermann Ndoidet Koutou Coretha Bokia-Baguida Christelle Luce Bobossi-Gadia Arthur Simplice Sombot-Ndicky Daniel Yvon Gonessa Freddy Samuel Ngbonga Konzapa Voulou Christian Diamant Mossoro-Kpinde Alassane OUATTARA National center of medical Oncology and Radiotherapy Abidjan Ivory Cost Department of Microbiology UFR of Medical Sciences University of Cocody Abidjan Ivory Cost laboratory of Bacteriology-Virology of teaching hospital center of Brazzaville Brazzaville Republic of Congo Faculty of Health Sciences Marien NGOUABI University Brazzaville Republic of Congo Department of Labor Medicine Service of HIV and STDs Control in the Workplace Bangui Central African Republic (CAR) Faculty of Health Sciences University of Bangui Bangui Central African Republic National Reference center of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Antiretroviral Therapy Bangui Central African Republic National laboratory of Clinical Biology and Public Health Bangui Central African Republic Medicine Department District Hospital of Alindao Alindao Ouaka Prefecture Central African Republic Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology University of Bangui Bangui Central African Republic Coordination of Specialized Study of Clinical Biology University of Bangui Bangui Central African Republic Doctors without Borders hospital Sica BanguiCRA laboratory of medical analysis of teaching hospital center mother elisabeth domitien of bimbo Bimbo Central African Republic

Background and Objective: HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are very widespread in the world, however, less than 20% of the people affected are diagnosed and treated. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HIV, HCV and HBV co-infections in pregnant women at Bangui Community University hospital and the cost of screening. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving consenting pregnant women who came for antenatal care was performed. HIV, HCV antibodies and HBV antigens were detected using Exacto Triplex? HIV/HCV/HBsAg rapid test, cross-validated by ELISA tests. Sociodemographic and professional data, the modes of transmission and prevention of HIV and both hepatitis viruses were collected in a standard sheet and analyzed using the Epi-Info software version 7. Results: Pregnant women aged 15 to 24 were the most affected (45.3%);high school girls (46.0%), and pregnant women living in cohabitation (65.3%) were the most represented. Twenty-five (16.7%) worked in the formal sector, 12.7% were unemployed housewives and the remainder in the informal sector. The prevalence of HIV, HBV, and HCV viruses was 11.8%, 21.9% and 22.2%, respectively. The prevalence of co-infections was 8.6% for HIV-HBV, 10.2% for HIV-HCV, 14.7% for HBV-HCV and 6.5% for HIV-HBV-HCV. All positive results and 10% of negative results by the rapid test were confirmed by ELISA tests. The serology of the three viruses costs 39,000 FCFA (60 Euros) by ELISA compared to 10,000 FCFA (15.00 Euros) with Exacto Triplex? HIV/HCV/AgHBs (BioSynex, Strasbourg, France). Conclusion: The low level of education and awareness of hepatitis are barriers to development and indicate the importance of improving the literacy rate of women in the Central African Republic (CAR). Likewise, the high prevalence of the three viruses shows the need for the urgent establishment of a national program to combat viral hepatitis in the CAR.

关键词： HIV-HCV-HBV Co-Infection Multiplex Immunochromatographic Rapid Test Central Africa Serology Test Cost Diagnostic Accessibility

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Assessment of Spermatic Chromatin Decondensation by the Toluidine Blue Assay in Infertile Patients in Cotonou

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Advances in Reproductive Sciences 2022年第2期10卷 37-48页

作者： Yaude Alfred Azonbakin Simon Aweh Bruno Dangbemey Patrice Sissoko Sidi Boula Dossou Jean-Paul Flore Gangbo Laleye Anatole laboratory of Histology Reproductive Biology Cytogenetics and Medical Genetics Faculty of Health Sciences Cotonou Benin Department of Gynaecology-Obstetrics Mother and Child Teaching Hospital of Cotonou Cotonou Benin Pathological Anatomy and Cytology Department of the point’s G teaching hospital in Bamako Mali laboratory of Andrology Human Reproduction and Demography Research Center CERRHUD Cotonou Benin

Background: A high level of sperm chromatin decondensation results in loss of DNA quality and it is associated with poor embryonic prognosis in Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART). This had lead to introduction of sperm DNA compaction testing in assessment of clinical male infertility. Toluidine blue assay is one of most commonly used tests to measure chromatin decondensation in research studies and also in clinical routine use. So the objective of our study was to assess the level of sperm chromatin decondensation by toluidine blue assay in men dealing with couple infertility. Methods: The sperm samples of 96 patients referred for infertility, over a 4-month period from September 2020 to January 2021, were stained with toluidine blue and observed under an optical microscope. These were evaluated according to the World Health Organization. Results: The 25 - 34 age group was the most represented among infertile men. There was a non-significant correlation between age and the level of spermatic chromatin condensation (r = 0.0348). Spermatic parameters had averages above standards norms, apart from that of low vitality. Spermatic chromatin decondenization affected 96% of infertile patients. Asthenozoospermia was the most common abnormality. Among standard parameters of spermogram, only the concentration of spermatozoa in the semen was weakly correlated (r = 0.18) with sperm chromatin decondensation. Conclusion: The level of sperm chromatin condensation is, on the one hand, a parameter independent of the age of the subject; on the other hand, allows to evaluate male infertility, like the classic parameters of the spermogram and spermocytogram. However, in view of the high probability of changes in the nuclear quality of sperm intrinsic to the analysis process and sperm concentration, an improvement of the toluidine blue test using the swim-up technique and associated with image processing software is possible.

关键词： Male Infertility Decondensation Spermatic Chromatin Toluidine Blue

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Maternal mental health and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic in Beijing, China

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2021年第3期17卷 280-289页

作者： Zhuang Wei Ming-Yue Gao Mary Fewtrell Jonathan Wells Jin-Yue Yu Department of Child Healthcare Beijing Children’s HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children’s HealthBeijingChina Population Policy and Practice Research and Teaching DepartmentUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health30 Guilford StreetLondon WC1N 1EHUK

Background The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic on breastfeeding women and to identify predictors of maternal mental health and *** mothers aged≥18 years with a breast-fed infant≤18 months of age during the COVID-19 pandemic in Beijing,China,completed a *** analysis of lockdown consequences was performed and predictors of these outcomes were examined using stepwise linear *** Of 2233 participants,29.9%,20.0%and 34.7%felt down,lonely,and worried,respectively,during the lockdown;however,85.3%felt able to *** maternal mental health was predicted by maternal(younger age,higher education)and infant(older age,lower gestation)characteristics,and social circumstances(husband unemployed or working from home,receiving advice from family,having enough space for the baby,living close to a park or green space).Conversely,better maternal mental health was predicted by higher income,employment requiring higher qualifications,more personal space at home,shopping or walking>once/week and lack of impact of COVID-19 on job or *** with higher education,more bedrooms,fair division of household chores and attending an online mother and baby group>once/week reported better *** The findings highlight maternal characteristics and circumstances that predict poorer mental health and reduced coping which could be used to target interventions in any future public health emergencies requiring social restrictions.

关键词： Coping Coronavirus disease 2019 Maternal health Mental health Postpartum

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Late Diagnosis of HIV Infection in Children: Prevalence and Outcome

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2017年第4期7卷 331-344页

作者： Aymar Pierre Gildas Oko Antoinette Géraldine Olandzobo Gaston Ekouya-Bowassa Mamadou Ildevert Cyriaque Ndjobo Lucie Ollandzobo Nelly Pandzou-Guembo Letitia Lombet Jeysse Pierre Yoleine Poathy Steve Vassili Missambou-Mandilou Aurore Mbika-Cardorelle Georges Marius Moyen Department of Pediatrics Teaching Hospital Center (THC) of Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo Faculty of Health Sciences Marien Ngouabi University of Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo hospital center of Loandjili Pointe-Noire Congo

Background: Late diagnosis of HIV infection is an important cause of death in children. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of late diagnosed HIV infection in children, describe the socio-demographic characteristics and to analyze outcome of these children. Methods: From January 2015 to October 2016, we carried out a prospective analytical study in the pediatric departments of University teaching hospital of the Brazzaville. Late diagnosed HIV children were selected for this work. Data analysis was performed in univariate and multivariate with Epi Info 7.2.1. Results: Of the 6058 hospitalized children, 103 (1.7%) were selected, 57.3% were boys;the median age was 21.9 months (IQR, 17.8 - 76.7 months). Children of low socio-economic status accounted for 68.0%, those motherless: 43.7%. None of the children were tested for HIV before hospitalization. mothers had a low education level in 60.2% of cases and were unaware of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT): 60.3%. Children mostly showed signs of stages 4 (49.5%), and 3 (31.1%) of HIV infection, immunodeficiency was severe for 68.0% of children. Children discharged from the hospital accounted for 62.1% of which 15.53% against medical advice. The case fatality rate was 37.9%. The risk factors for death in univariate analysis were: age < 12 months (OR = 8.66), maternal death (OR = 17.93), severe malnutrition (OR = 66.07), clinical stages 4 (OR = 66.07) and severe immunodeficiency (OR = 17.37). The main pathologies responsible for death were respiratory infections (38.5%) and diarrheal diseases (30.8%). Conclusion: Improvement of PMTCT program effectiveness, universal access to early detection and antiretroviral therapy for infants are needed to reduce the number of late diagnosed HIV-children and therefore HIV-related morbidity and mortality.

关键词： Late Diagnosis HIV Infection Prevalence Mortality Child Brazzaville

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Epidemiological, Clinical, Therapeutic, Evolutionary and Prognostic Aspects of Children with COVID-19 in Bouaké(Côte d’Ivoire)

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2022年第2期12卷 216-229页

作者： Kone Djakaridja Kadiane-Oussou Juliette Akanji Iburaima Alamun Yapo Martine Tatiana Adou Leioh Romeo Karidioula Jean Marie Aba Yapo Thomas Asse Kouadio Vincent Kra Ouffoue Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases University and Teaching Hospital of Bouaké Bouaké Ivory Coast Department of Pediatric University and Teaching Hospital of Bouaké Bouaké Ivory Coast

Context: Compared to adults, there are relatively few studies on pediatric COVID-19 due to the high rate of asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic forms. The aim of this study is to determine the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic, evolutionary and prognostic aspects of COVID-19 infection in children. Patients and Methods: This was a prospective analytical study carried out from February 27, 2021 to January 27, 2022 at the COVID-19 Care center of the Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department of the Bouaké University teaching hospital. The study population consisted of all children under the age of 16, seen in consultation and/or hospitalized with a positive COVID-19 RT-PCR. Data analysis was performed with Epi Info 7 software. The statistical tests used were the chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test depending on the conditions of validity with a significance threshold of p Results: Out of 955 patients received at the COVID-19 Care center in Bouaké, there were 56 children (26 boys/30 girls), or, a prevalence of 5.86%. The mean age was 9.18 years ± 4.48 [extremes 3 months and 15 years]. Children over the age of 11 accounted for 48.21% of cases. They were contact cases in 35.71% and the contact person was the mother in 75% of cases. The main reasons for screening were cough (67.86%), fever (25%) and sneezing (21.43%). The pathological histories were asthma (83.33%), heart disease (33.33%) and sickle cell disease (16.67%). The medical examination revealed 6 cases of children in vital distress. The care consisted of home confinement for simple cases (89.29%) and hospitalization for cases presenting with vital distress (10.71%). The duration of confinement or hospitalization was between 10 and 15 days in 83.93% of cases. No cases of death were noted. The factors associated with the occurrence of symptomatic forms were age (p = 0.028), pathological history (p Conclusion: The proportion of pediatric cases of COVID-19 is low with a predominance during the season of harmatt

关键词： Epidemiology Coronavirus SARS-Cov2 Children Bouaké

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Neonatal and Young Infant Sepsis in a Regional hospital in Ghana

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2021年第2期11卷 281-300页

作者： Innocent Afeke Misa Hirose Kokou Hefoume Amegan-Aho Christoph Haertel Mareike Becker Ahmed Moustafa Paul Schilf Mohamed Tarek Badr Graceful Lord Mensah Hintermann Kobina Mbroh Jan Rupp Saleh Ibrahim Luebeck Institute for Experimental Dermatology University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany Department of medical laboratory Sciences School of Allied Health Sciences University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Volta Region Ho Ghana Department of Paediatrics School of Medicine University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Volta Region Ho Ghana Department of Paediatrics University Hospital Würzburg University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany Department of Biology Bioinformatics and Integrative Genomics Laboratory American University in Cairo New Cairo Egypt Institute of medical Microbiology and Hygiene Medical Center-University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine Freiburg Germany Department of Paediatrics Ho Teaching Hospital Volta Region Ho Ghana Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Ho Teaching Hospital Volta Region Ho Ghana Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany

Background: Neonatal sepsis is a global health problem that mainly affects low- and middle-income countries. We have previously shown that early neonatal mortality is high at the Ho Teaching Hospital (HTH) of Ghana. We sought to determine the prevalence of neonatal sepsis, sepsis-related mortality, and bacterial species patterns in neonatal and young infant sepsis in this hospital. Methods: A hospital-based study was conducted in the hospital’s neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from March to June 2018. Blood samples from 96 babies clinically diagnosed with or at risk of sepsis were cultured using the BACTEC 9050® machine. Clinical data including gravida, parity and antibiotic medication before delivery of mother and delivery type, gestation, birth weight and antibiotic medication status were collected for analysis. MALDI-TOF MS identified bacterial isolates, and their identities were confirmed via tuf gene sequence typing. The data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism 8.0.2. Results: Blood cultures were positive in 28 of the babies, with 14 and 12 representing early-onset and late-onset neonatal sepsis, respectively, and two cases of unknown sepsis type. Of the bacterial species that caused sepsis in the babies, coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CoNS)

关键词： Neonatal Sepsis Neonatal Mortality Healthcare-Associated Infections Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Ho teaching hospital of Ghana

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