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Toughening additive manufactured Zr-based bulk metallic glass composites by martensite phase transformation

Journal of materials science & Technology 2024年第3期170卷 95-102页

作者： Pengcheng Zhang Cheng Zhang Jie Pan Di Ouyang Lin Liu State Key laboratory of materials Processing and Die&Mould Technology School of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

Additive manufacturing technology based on laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)offers a novel approach for fabricating bulk metallic glass(BMG)products without restriction in size and geometry.Nevertheless,the BMGs prepared by LPBF usually suffered from less plasticity and poorer fracture toughness as compared to their cast counterparts due to partial crystallization in heat-affected zones(HAZs).Since crystallization in HAZs is hard to avoid completely in LPBF BMGs,it is desirable to design a suitable alloy system,in which only ductile crystalline phase,instead of brittle intermetallics,is formed in HAZs.This unique structure could effectively increase the toughness/plasticity of the LPBF BMGs.To achieve this goal,a quaternary BMG system with a composition of Zr_(47.5)Cu_(45.5)Al_(5)Co_(2)is adopted and subjected to LPBF.It is found that nearly a single phase of B_(2)-ZrCu is precipitated in HAZs,while a fully amorphous phase is formed in molten pools(MPs).This B_(2)phase reinforced BMG composite exhibits excellent mechanical properties with enhanced plasticity and toughness.Furthermore,it is easy to modulate the mechanical properties by altering the amount of the B_(2)phase via adjusting the laser energy input.Finally,the best combination of strength,plasticity,and notch toughness is obtained in the BMG composite containing 27.4%B_(2)phase and 72.6%amorphous phase,which exhibits yield strength(σ_(s))of 1423 MPa,plastic strain(ε_(p))of 4.65%,and notch toughness(K_(q))of 53.9 MPa m 1/2.Furthermore,a notable strain-hardening is also observed.The improvement of plasticity/toughness and appearance of strain-hardening behavior are mainly due to the martensite phase transformation from the B_(2)phase to the Cm phase during plastic deformation(i.e.,the phase transformation-induced plasticity effect).The current work provides a guide for making advanced BMGs and BMG composites by additive manufacturing.

关键词： Laser powder bed fusion Bulk metallic glass composites Phase transformation-induced plasticity Deformation mechanism

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Fullerenes and derivatives as electrocatalysts: Promises and challenges

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Green Energy & Environment 2024年第1期9卷 7-27页

作者： Kun Guo Ning Li Lipiao Bao Xing Lu State Key laboratory of materials Processing and Die&Mould Technology School of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China

Carbon-based metal-free nanomaterials are promising alternatives to precious metals as electrocatalysts of key energy storage and conversion technologies.Of paramount signiﬁcance are the establishment of design principles by understanding the catalytic mechanisms and identifying the active sites.Distinct from sp2-conjugated graphene and carbon nanotube,fullerene possesses unique characteristics that are growingly being discovered and exploited by the electrocatalysis community.For instance,the well-deﬁned atomic and molecular structures,the good electron afﬁnity to tune the electronic structures of other substances,the intermolecular self-assembly into superlattices,and the on-demand chemical modiﬁcation have endowed fullerene with incomparable advantages as electrocatalysts that are otherwise not applicable to other carbon ma-terials.As increasing studies are being reported on this intriguing topic,it is necessary to provide a state-of-the-art overview of the recent progress.This review takes such an initiative by summarizing the promises and challenges in the electrocatalytic applications of fullerene and its derivatives.The content is structured according to the composition and structure of fullerene,including intact fullerene(e.g.,fullerene composite and superlattices)and fullerene derivatives(e.g.,doped,endohedral,and disintegrated fullerene).The synthesis,characterization,catalytic mechanisms,and deﬁciencies of these fullerene-based materials are explicitly elaborated.We conclude it by sharing our perspectives on the key aspects that future efforts shall consider.

关键词： Fullerene Fullerene derivative Metal-free catalyst Structural defect Electrocatalyst

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In situ TEM investigation of electron irradiation and aging-induced high-density nanoprecipitates in an Mg-10Gd-3Y-1Zn-0.5Zr alloy

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第5期12卷 1841-1853页

作者： M.Lv H.L.Ge Q.Q.Jin X.H.Shao Y.T.Zhou B.Zhang X.L.Ma Shenyang National laboratory for materials science Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences School of materials science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China materials science and Engineering Research Center Guangxi University of Science and Technology

In-situ electron irradiation and aging are applied to introduce high-density precipitates in an Mg-10Gd-3Y-1Zn-0.5Zr(GWZ1031K, wt.%)alloy to improve the hardness. The results show that the hardness of the Mg alloy after irradiation for 10 h and aging for 9 h at 250 ℃ is 1.64 GPa, which is approximately 64% higher than that of the samples before being treated. It is mainly attributed to γ' precipitates on the basal plane after irradiation and the high-density nanoscale β' precipitates on the prismatic plane after aging, which should be closely related to the irradiation-induced homogenous clusters. The latter plays a key role in precipitation hardening. This result paves a way to improve the mechanical properties of metallic materials by tailoring the precipitation through irradiation and aging.

关键词： Mg alloy Electron beam irradiation Hardening Precipitates In-situ TEM

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Design Strategies for Aqueous Zinc Metal Batteries with High Zinc Utilization: From Metal Anodes to Anode-Free Structures

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第4期16卷 305-349页

作者： Xianfu Zhang Long Zhang Xinyuan Jia Wen Song Yongchang Liu School of materials science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing30 College RoadBeijing 100083People’s Republic of China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for materials Genome Engineering Institute for Advanced Materials and TechnologyState Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and MaterialsUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083People’s Republic of China

Aqueous zinc metal batteries(AZMBs)are promising candidates for next-generation energy storage due to the excellent safety, environmental friendliness, natural abundance, high theoretical specific capacity, and low redox potential of zinc(Zn) metal. However,several issues such as dendrite formation, hydrogen evolution, corrosion, and passivation of Zn metal anodes cause irreversible loss of the active materials. To solve these issues, researchers often use large amounts of excess Zn to ensure a continuous supply of active materials for Zn anodes. This leads to the ultralow utilization of Zn anodes and squanders the high energy density of AZMBs. Herein, the design strategies for AZMBs with high Zn utilization are discussed in depth, from utilizing thinner Zn foils to constructing anode-free structures with theoretical Zn utilization of 100%, which provides comprehensive guidelines for further research. Representative methods for calculating the depth of discharge of Zn anodes with different structures are first summarized. The reasonable modification strategies of Zn foil anodes, current collectors with pre-deposited Zn, and anode-free aqueous Zn metal batteries(AF-AZMBs) to improve Zn utilization are then detailed. In particular, the working mechanism of AF-AZMBs is systematically introduced. Finally, the challenges and perspectives for constructing high-utilization Zn anodes are presented.

关键词： Aqueous zinc metal batteries Zinc anodes High zinc utilization Depth of discharge Anode-free structures

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Formation and properties of a Zr-based amorphous coating by laser cladding

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Rare Metals 2024年第4期43卷 1809-1814页

作者： Ning Zhang Ying Liu Wei Yang Shu-Jie Pang Key laboratory of Aerospace materials and Performance (Ministry of Education) School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeihang University

(Zr0.53Al0.1Ni0.05Cu0.3Ti0.02)99Y1（at%） coating with amorphous layer of about 180 μm thick was prepared on a steel substrate by using laser cladding method.The coating is compact and shows good metallurgical bonding with substrate.The microstructure,microhardness and corrosion behavior along the depth from the coating surface to the substrate were investigated.It is found that a gradient structure consisted of amorphous surface layer,amorphous-crystalline transitional layer and substrate is formed after the laser cladding.The microhardness and corrosion behavior exhibit variation with the microstructural evolution at different depths from the coating surface.The microhardness and corrosion resistance in 3.5 wt%NaCl solution of the amorphous surface layer are comparable to those of the as-cast Zr-based BMG with the same composition,and higher than those of the steel substrate.

关键词： Laser cladding Amorphous coating Microstructure Hardness Corrosion resistance

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Formation mechanism of Fe-based amorphous powders produced by spark erosion

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Journal of materials science & Technology 2024年第3期170卷 33-46页

作者： Chekai Liu Ran Li Jiazi Bi Ding Ma Xiaobin Liu Tao Zhang School of materials science and Engineering Key Laboratory of Aerospace Materials and Performance(Ministry of Education)Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China

Spark erosion is a convenient,flexible,and low-cost method to quickly produce fine powders of metals,alloys,and semiconductors in size ranging from nearly a hundred micrometers to submicrometer by repetitive spark discharges.Due to the complexity of the powder-forming journey,normally accompanied by high temperature,high pressure,decomposition,diffusion and rapid quenching caused by discharge plasma,the mechanisms of powder formation and possible contaminant infiltration are still controversial,posing a significant challenge to control particle size and chemical composition of the powder produced by this method.In this study,Fe-based amorphous powders in different particle-size distributions with high sphericity were fabricated by spark erosion under different discharge-energy conditions.The max-imum particle size of the resultant powders can be correlated with discharge parameters,crater depth,and crater radius,respectively.A multi-ring-breakup model is proposed to reveal the particle-size distribution of the powder formed from the electrode melt under a single-pulse discharge.Furthermore,a dielectric-element infiltration model is provided to quantitatively evaluate the infiltration mass ratio of the contaminant elements,stemming from the decomposed products of dielectric liquid,in the resultant powder with different particle sizes.The models verified through the experimental data are significant for the development of high-performance fine Fe-based amorphous powder with controlled particle size and chemical composition.

关键词： Amorphous alloy Particle Spark erosion Infiltration Modeling

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Recent advances in multifunctional metal-organic frameworks for lithium metal batteries

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science China Chemistry 2024年第3期67卷 759-773页

作者： Jiaqi Li Zheng Weng Zuosu Qin Ying Zhang Ning Zhang Xiaohe Liu Chuankun Jia Gen Chen Jiang Zhou School of materials science and Engineering Key Laboratory of Electronic Packaging and Advanced Functional Materials of Hunan ProvinceCentral South University Zhongyuan Critical Metals laboratory Zhengzhou University College of materials science and Engineering Changsha University of Science&Technology

In view of novel materials in the field of lithium metal batteries(LMBs), metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) have attracted extensive research interest owing to their controllable pore size, unsaturated metal sites and multifunctional organic groups. A variety of MOFs have been elaborately calculated and synthesized to be applied as separator coating, electrolyte modulators and solid-state electrolyte fillers in LMBs. In this mini-review, we summarize the mechanism of MOFs to limit the migration of anions, improve the Li-ion transference number and prolong the lifespan of LMBs. Suitable pore structure of MOFs can physically restrict the movement of Li^(+). Unsaturated metal sites can adsorb anions by electrostatic interaction. In addition,multifunctional organic functional groups that limit the migration of anions are discussed. Finally, the key challenges and perspectives in the development direction of MOFs-based separators and electrolytes are further elaborated.

关键词： metal-organic frameworks lithium metal battery separator electrolyte

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Highly effective design of high GFA alloys with different metalbased and various components by machine learning

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science China(Technological sciences) 2024年第5期67卷 1431-1442页

作者： TANG YiChuan HE YiFan FAN ZhuoQun WANG ZhongQi TANG ChengYing Guangxi Key laboratory for Informational materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringGuilin University of Electronic TechnologyGuilin541004China

The glass-forming ability(GFA)is of great significance for the development of novel functional metal-based metallic glasses.In this study,seven popular machine learning(ML)algorithms were employed to design novel M-based(M=Fe,Co,Ni,Ti,Zr,and rare earth metal(RE))and X-component(X=2,3,4,5,6,and>6)alloys with excellent GFA.A GFA containing 6957 data points with structural analysis was established.Feature engineering was used to analyze the importance and correlation of features.ML algorithms were utilized for GFA prediction,revealing that Xtreme Gradient Boosting Trees exhibited the strongest predictive capability,achieving a high accuracy of 94.0%,a true positive rate of 97.6%,and a root mean squared error of 0.3705 across the entire dataset.Subsequently,the GFA of ternary to hexahydroxy alloys based on Fe,Co,Ni,Zr,Ti,and Y was predicted using all possible compositions generated through Python.Finally,a series of alloys with good GFA was successfully designed and prepared.The present work suggests that the proposed ML method can be utilized to design novel multiple-M-based amorphous alloys with high GFA.

关键词： machine learning amorphous alloy feature engineering materials design glass forming ability

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Organic near-infrared optoelectronic materials and devices:an overview

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Advanced Photonics 2024年第1期6卷 17-42页

作者： Zong-Lu Che Chang-Cun Yan Xue-Dong Wang Liang-Sheng Liao Soochow University Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials(FUNSOM)Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and DevicesSuzhouChina Soochow University College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceJiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric MaterialsSuzhouChina Macao University of science and Technology Macao Institute of Materials Science and EngineeringMacaoChina

Near-infrared(NIR)light has shown great potential for military and civilian applications owing to its advantages in the composition of sunlight,invisibility to human eyes,deeper penetration into biological tissues,and low optical loss in optical fibers.Therefore,organic optoelectronic materials that can absorb or emit NIR light have aroused great scientific interest in basic science and practical applications.Based on these NIR organic optoelectronic materials,NIR optoelectronic devices have been greatly improved in performance and application.In this review,the representative NIR organic optoelectronic materials used in organic solar cells,organic photodetectors,organic light-emitting diodes,organic lasers,and organic optical waveguide devices are briefly introduced,and the potential applications of each kind of device are briefly summarized.Finally,we summarize and take up the development of NIR organic optoelectronic materials and devices.

关键词： near-infrared organic optoelectronic materials organic solar cells organic light-emitting devices organic optical waveguides

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Design and tailoring of patterned ZnO nanostructures for perovskite light absorption modulation

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and materials 2024年第5期31卷 855-861页

作者： Haonan Si Xuan Zhao Qingliang Liao Yue Zhang Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary science and Technology Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Key laboratory of Advanced materials and Devices for Post-Moore Chips Ministry of EducationBeijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and TechnologiesSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

Lithography is a pivotal micro/nanomanufacturing technique,facilitating performance enhancements in an extensive array of devices,encompassing sensors,transistors,and photovoltaic devices.The key to creating highly precise,multiscale-distributed patterned structures is the precise control of the lithography process.Herein,high-quality patterned ZnO nanostructures are constructed by systematically tuning the exposure and development times during lithography.By optimizing these parameters,ZnO nanorod arrays with line/hole arrangements are successfully prepared.Patterned ZnO nanostructures with highly controllable morphology and structure possess discrete three-dimensional space structure,enlarged surface area,and improved light capture ability,which achieve highly efficient energy conversion in perovskite solar cells.The lithography process management for these patterned ZnO nanostructures provides important guidance for the design and construction of complex nanostructures and devices with excellent performance.

关键词： lithography patterned ZnO nanorod arrays light absorption perovskite solar cell

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