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From solar terms to medical terms(PartⅡ):Some implications for traditional Chinese Medicine

Science China Earth Sciences 2017年第11期60卷 2051-2058页

作者： SHI Jie CHEN Ge Department of Pharmacy Municipal Hospital of QingdaoQingdao 266000China College of information Science and Engineering Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical modeling Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266200China

In the traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM), the timing of performing the treatment during the year is always an important factor for maximizing its effectiveness. Based on over half a century of observational and reanalysis data, a modified calendric system, named the Twenty-four Medical Terms(24-MTs), has been established for China's Mainland following a systematic calibration and geographical adjustment of the classic Twenty-four Solar Terms(24-STs). In view of "adapting the human body to the changing universe", a core philosophy of the TCM, this improved medical calendar is expected to make a significant contribution to the development of precise Chinese Medicine in the big data era. Specifically, two maps of localized timings for the so-called Triple-Fu(TF) and Triple-Jiu(TF) defined using a joint heat index of air temperature and relative humidity are created as an alternative to the two nationwide unified timings representing the warmest and coldest periods of the year. These location-specific medical calendars, with a maximum regional time shift of one week for TJ and a systematic advancing of 3.6–28.2 days for TF in China's Mainland, are thought to be clinically useful for carrying out precise TCM such as"treating winter deceases in summer". In addition, similar maps of localized timings for peak spring and peak autumn defined as the days of fastest warming and cooling around the years are generated for China's Mainland, so as to provide a helpful guidance for practicing season(ST/MT) related and geographically dependent precise health care in the context of "born in spring, grow in summer, harvest in autumn, and preserve in winter", which is a key ideology in the TCM.

关键词： Solar terms Medical terms Traditional Chinese Medicine

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Potential Predictability of Sea Surface Temperature in a Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere GCM

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2010年第4期27卷 921-936页

作者：严厉王盘兴俞永强李立娟王斌 Institute of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology National Key laboratory of Numerical modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

Using the Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System model （FGOALS） version g1.11, a group of seasonal hindcasting experiments were carried out. In order to investigate the potential predictability of sea surface temperature （SST）, singular value decomposition （SVD） analyses were applied to extract dominant coupled modes between observed and predicated SST from the hindcasting experiments in this study. The fields discussed are sea surface temperature anomalies over the tropical Pacific basin （20~0S-20~0N, 120~0E- 80~0W）, respectively starting in four seasons from 1982 to 2005. On the basis of SVD analysis, the simulated pattern was replaced with the corresponding observed pattern to reconstruct SST anomaly fields to improve the ability of the simulation. The predictive skill, anomaly correlation coefficients （ACC）, after systematic error correction using the first five modes was regarded as potential predictability. Results showed that： 1） the statistical postprocessing approach was effective for systematic error correction; 2） model error sources mainly arose from mode 2 extracted from the SVD analysis-that is, during the transition phase of ENSO, the model encountered the spring predictability barrier; and 3） potential predictability （upper limits of predictability） could be high over most of the tropical Pacific basin, including the tropical western Pacific and an extra 10-degrees region of the mid and eastern Pacific.

关键词： coupled GCM hindcasting experiments SST singular value decomposition potential pre-dictability

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Scalability Analysis of Request Scheduling in Cloud Computing

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Tsinghua Science and technology 2019年第3期24卷 249-261页

作者： Chao Xue Chuang Lin Jie Hu Tsinghua National laboratory for information Science and technology (TNList) & Department of Computer Science and technology Tsinghua University

Rapid advancement of distributed computing systems enables complex services in remote computing clusters. Massive applications with large-scale and disparate characteristics also create high requirements for computing systems. Cloud computing provides a series of novel approaches to meet new trends and ***, some scalability issues have to be addressed in the request scheduling process and few studies have been conducted to solve these problems. Thus, this study investigates the scalability of the request scheduling process in cloud computing. We provide a theoretical definition of the scalability of this process. By modeling the scheduling server as a stochastic preemptive priority queue, we conduct a comprehensive theoretical and numerical analysis of the scalability metric under different structures and various environment configurations. The comparison and conclusion are expected to shed light on the future design and deployment of the request scheduling process in cloud computing.

关键词： cloud computing request scheduling scalability model evaluation

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A preliminary study for spatial representiveness of flux observation at ChinaFLUX sites

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Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第S2期49卷 24-35页

作者： Ml Na, YU Guirui, WANG Panxing, WEN Xuefa & SUN Xiaomin Nanjing University of information Science and technology, Nanjing 210044, China Key laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China Nanjing University of information Science and technology Nanjing China Key laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

The results of eddy covariance observation system could represent the physical process at certain area of the surface. Thus point-to-area representativeness was of primary interest in flux observation. This research presents a preliminary study for flux observation at ChinaFLUX sites by the use of observation data and Flux Source Area Model (FSAM). Results show that the footprint expands and is further away from flux tower when atmosphere becomes more stable, the observation height increases, or the surfaces become smoother. This suggests that the area represented by the flux observation becomes larger. The distances from the reference point to the maximum point Smax and the minimum point x1 of source weight function (Dmax and Dmin, respectively) can be influenced by atmosphere stability which becomes longer when atmosphere is more stable. For more rough surfaces and lower observation point Dmax and Dmin become shorter. This research gives the footprint at level P=90% at ChinaFLUX sites at different atmosphere stability. The preliminary results of spatial representiveness at ChinaFLUX sites were given based on the dominant wind direction and footprint response to various factors. The study also provides some theoretical basis for data quality control and evaluating data uncertainty.

关键词： eddy covariance method footprint source weight function ChinaFLUX.

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Inversion of the three-dimensional temperature structure of mesoscale eddies in the Northwest Pacific based on deep learning

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2021年第10期40卷 176-186页

作者： Fangjie Yu Zeyuan Wang Shuai Liu Ge Chen College of Marine technology Faculty of Information Science and EngineeringOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical modeling Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)Qingdao 266237China School of Marine Science and technology Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China

Mesoscale eddies,which are mainly caused by baroclinic effects in the ocean,are common oceanic phenomena in the Northwest Pacific Ocean and play very important roles in ocean circulation,ocean dynamics and material energy *** temperature structure of mesoscale eddies will lead to variations in oceanic baroclinity,which can be reflected in the sea level anomaly(SLA).Deep learning can automatically extract different features of data at multiple levels without human intervention,and find the hidden relations of ***,combining satellite SLA data with deep learning is a good way to invert the temperature structure inside *** paper proposes a deep learning algorithm,eddy convolution neural network(ECN),which can train the relationship between mesoscale eddy temperature anomalies and sea level anomalies(SLAs),relying on the powerful feature extraction and learning abilities of convolutional neural *** obtaining the temperature structure model through ECN,according to climatic temperature data,the temperature structure of mesoscale eddies in the Northwest Pacific is retrieved with a spatial resolution of 0.25°at depths of 0–1000 *** overall accuracy of the ECN temperature structure is verified using Argo profiles at the locations of cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies during 2015–*** 10%error as the acceptable threshold of accuracy,89.64%and 87.25%of the cyclonic and anticyclonic eddy temperature structures obtained by ECN met the threshold,respectively.

关键词： mesoscale eddies temperature structure convolutional neural network Northwest Pacific Ocean

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Hydrologic implications of the isotopic kinetic fractionation of open-water evaporation

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Science China Earth Sciences 2018年第10期61卷 1523-1532页

作者： Wei XIAO Yufei QIAN Xuhui LEE Wei WANG Mi ZHANG Xuefa WEN Shoudong LIU Yongbo HU Chengyu XIE Zhen ZHANG Xuesong ZHANG Xiaoyan ZHAO Fucun ZHANG Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment & Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment technology(CICAEET) Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology School of Forestry and Environmental Studies Yale University Jiangsu Key laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Key laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences

The kinetic fractionation of open-water evaporation against the stable water isotope H_2 ^(18)O is an important mechanism underlying many hydrologic studies that use ^(18)O as an isotopic tracer. A recent in-situ measurement of the isotopic water vapor flux over a lake indicates that the kinetic effect is much weaker(kinetic factor 6.2‰) than assumed previously(kinetic factor14.2‰) by lake isotopic budget studies. This study investigates the implications of the weak kinetic effect for studies of deuterium excess-humidity relationships, regional moisture recycling, and global evapotranspiration partitioning. The results indicate that the low kinetic factor is consistent with the deuterium excess-humidity relationships observed over open *** moisture recycling rate in the Great Lakes region derived from the isotopic tracer method with the low kinetic factor is a much better agreement with those from atmospheric modeling studies than if the default kinetic factor of 14.2‰ is used. The ratio of transpiration to evapotranspiration at global scale decreases from 84±9%(with the default kinetic factor) to 76±19%(with the low kinetic factor), the latter of which is in slightly better agreement with other non-isotopic partitioning results.

关键词： Kinetic fractionation factor Craig-Gordon model Moisture recycling Evapotranspiration partitioning Deuteriumexcess

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An intelligent coastline interpretation of several types of seacoasts from TM/ETM+ images based on rules

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2014年第7期33卷 89-96页

作者： WANG Changying ZHANG Jie SONG Pingjian College of information Engineering Qingdao University Key laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical modeling First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration

A coastline is defined as the average spring tide line. Different types of seacoast, such as sandy, silty, and bio- logical coast, have different indicators of interpretation. It is very difficult to develop a universal method for interpreting all shorelines. Therefore, the sandy, the silty, and the biological coast are regarded as research objects, and with data mining technolog,found the rules of interpretation of those three types of coastlines. Then, an intelligent coastline interpretation method based on rules was proposed. Firstly, the rules for ex- tracting the waterline in Landsat TM/ETM＋（Thematic Mapper/Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus） imagery were discovered. Then, through analyzing the features of sandy, silty and biological coast, the indicators of interpreting different types of shoreline were determined. According to the indicators, the waterline could be corrected to the real coastline. In order to verify the validity of the proposed algorithms, three Landsat TM/ETM＋ imageries were selected for case studies. The experimental results showed that the proposed methods could interpret the coastlines of sandy; silty, and biological coasts with high precision and without human intervention, which exceeded three pixels.

关键词： coastline interpretation TM/ETM+ data mining rule

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Interannual modulation of intraseasonal sea level variability along the southern coast of Java

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Science China Earth Sciences 2018年第1期61卷 1-12页

作者： CAO GuoJiao HE YiJun WEI ZeXun XU TengFei School of Marine Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing 210044 China First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Qingdao 266061 China laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical modeling Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao 266237 China jiangsu Research Center for Ocean Survey and technology Nanjing 210044 China

The intraseasonal variability(ISV) of sea level anomalies(SLAs) along the southern coast of Java and its interannual modulation were studied based on a gridded SLA product produced from the Archiving, Validation, and Interpretation of Satellite Oceanography dataset. This ISV is induced by the propagation of intraseasonal Kelvin waves derived from the central equatorial Indian Ocean(EIO). Wavelet analysis and empirical mode decomposition of intraseasonal SLAs along the southern coast of Java showed interannual variability, with weaker ISV events during El Ni years and positive Indian Ocean Dipole(IOD) years than during normal years. This interannual modulation of the ISV is influenced by the El Ni-Southern Oscillation teleconnection via the Walker Circulation and eastern Indian Ocean upwelling connected to IOD events. The anomalously weaker Walker Circulation during El Ni events generates anomalous surface easterlies over the central-eastern tropical Indian Ocean that produce upwelling Kelvin waves in the EIO and offshore water transport along the southern coasts of Sumatra and Java, resulting in negative SLAs along the southern coast of Java. These negative SLAs damp the positive SLAs induced by the eastward propagation of downwelling Kelvin waves from the central EIO during the following March–May of El Ni years. Similar features of SLAs and sea surface wind anomalies also occur during positive IOD years. Consequently, the sea level ISV along the southern coast of Java is weaker in El Ni and positive IOD years.

关键词： Intraseasonal variability Sea level Interannual variability Kelvin waves Indian Ocean

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Evaluation of CMIP5 Earth System Models in Reproducing Leaf Area Index and Vegetation Cover over the Tibetan Plateau

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2014年第6期28卷 1041-1060页

作者：鲍艳高艳红吕世华王青霞张少波许建伟李瑞青李锁锁马迪孟宪红陈昊常燕 Earth System modeling Center Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Key laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions Chinese Academy of Sciences

The abilities of 12 earth system models（ESMs） from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase5（CMIP5） to reproduce satellite-derived vegetation biological variables over the Tibetan Plateau（TP） were *** results show that most of the models tend to overestimate the observed leaf area index（LAI）and vegetation carbon above the ground,with the possible reasons being overestimation of photosynthesis and *** model simulations show a consistent increasing trend with observed LAI over most of the TP during the reference period of 1986-2005,while they fail to reproduce the downward trend around the headstream of the Yellow River shown in the observation due to their coarse *** of the models：CCSM4,CESM1-BGC,and NorESM1-ME,which share the same vegetation model,show some common strengths and weaknesses in their simulations according to our *** model ensemble indicates a reasonable spatial distribution but overestimated land coverage,with a significant decreasing trend（-1.48%per decade） for tree coverage and a slight increasing trend（0.58%per decade） for bare ground during the period *** significant sign of variation is found for *** quantify the relative performance of the models in representing the observed mean state,seasonal cycle,and interannual variability,a model ranking method was performed with respect to simulated ***4,bcc-csm-1.1m,MPI-ESM-LR,IPSL CM5A-LR,HadGEM2-ES,and CCSM4 were ranked as the best six models in reproducing vegetation dynamics among the 12 models.

关键词： Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5(CMIP5) vegetation cover earth system model(ESM) dynamic global vegetation model(DGVM) Tibetan Plateau

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modeling Dynamics of Leaf Color Based on RGB Value in Rice

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第4期13卷 749-759页

作者： ZHANG Yong-hui TANG Liang LIU Xiao-jun LIU Lei-lei CAO Wei-xing ZHU Yan National Engineering and technology Center for information Agriculture Ministry of Industry and Information Technology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture/College of AgricultureNanjing Agricultural University

This paper was to develop a model for simulating the leaf color changes in rice （Oryza sativa L.） based on RGB （red, green, and blue） values. Based on rice experiment data with different cultivars and nitrogen （N） rates, the time-course RGB values of each leaf on main stem were collected during the growth period in rice, and a model for simulating the dynamics of leaf color in rice was then developed using quantitative modeling technology. The results showed that the RGB values of leaf color gradually decreased from the initial values （light green） to the steady values （green） during the first stage, remained the steady values （green） during the second stage, then gradually increased to the final values （from green to yellow） during the third stage. The decreasing linear functions, constant functions and increasing linear functions were used to simulate the changes in RGB values of leaf color at the first, second and third stages with growing degree days （GDD）, respectively; two cultivar parameters, MatRGB （leaf color matrix） and AR （a vector composed of the ratio of the cumulative GDD of each stage during color change process of leaf n to that during leaf n drawn under adequate N status）, were introduced to quantify the genetic characters in RGB values of leaf color and in durations of different stages during leaf color change, respectively; FN （N impact factor） was used to quantify the effects of N levels on RGB values of leaf color and on durations of different stages during leaf color change; linear functions were applied to simulate the changes in leaf color along the leaf midvein direction during leaf development process. Validation of the models with the independent experiment dataset exhibited that the root mean square errors （RMSE） between the observed and simulated RGB values were among 8 to 13, the relative RMSE （RRMSE） were among 8 to 10%, the mean absolute differences （da） were among 3.85 to 6.90, and the ratio of da to the mean observation values （Clap

关键词： rice leaf color RGB dynamic simulation visualization

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