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Different Starting Dominant Strain of Seasonal influenza in China and Other Neighboring Asian Countries in 2019−2020 Winter Season

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China CDC weekly 2020年第4期2卷 57-60页

作者： Jing Yang Weijuan Huang Yanhui Cheng Tao Chen Minju Tan Qian Guo Hejiang Wei Fei Zhu Tomoko Kuwahara Xiyan Li Xiang Zhao Hideki Hasegawa George F.Gao Dayan Wang National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionWHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on InfluenzaKey Laboratory for Medical VirologyNational Health CommissionBeijingChina Laboratory of Influenza Virus Surveillance Influenza Virus Research CenterNational Institute of Infectious DiseasesWHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on InfluenzaTokyoJapan Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention BeijingChina.

Introduction:Seasonal influenza is a prevalent and highly contagious acute respiratory disease that causes a major global disease burden.New strains of influenza viruses also have the potential to cause an influenza pandemic.Due to the high variability and the consequent uncertainty about virus strains,the prevention and control of influenza are faced with many challenges.surveillance is considered a key strategy to lead to the prevention and control of influenza,and influenza is one of first infectious diseases to be monitored globally.Methods:The Chinese National influenza surveillance Network conducts routine influenza surveillance and includes 410 network laboratories and 554 sentinel hospitals based on the requirements of National influenza surveillance Guidelines.China and other countries submit epidemiological and virological data to the WHO FluMart database,which can be viewed online.Results:Seasonal influenza H3N2 virus was the dominant subtype in China when entering the 2019–2020 winter influenza season,while neighboring countries such as Japan and Republic of Korea reported the dominance of H1N1pdm09 and Mongolia and Russia reported a higher proportion of type B virus than type A virus.Conclusions and Implications for Public Health Practice:Asian countries entered the 2019–2020 winter influenza season with different type/subtypes of influenza virus dominant in different areas.influenza surveillance needs to be strengthened to closely monitor changes in the antigenicity and genetic characteristics of emerging viruses.

关键词： prevention strengthened submit

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Detection and pathogenesis of a novel swine H3N2 influenza virus containing three genes from the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza viruses in Korea in 2015

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Virologica Sinica 2016年第6期31卷 513-516页

作者： Tran Bac Le In Hong Lee Byung Jun Kim Hyun Soo Kim Sang Heui Seo laboratory of influenza Research College of Veterinary Medicine Chungnam National University Institute of influenza virus College of Veterinary MedicineChungnam National University laboratory of Public Health College of Veterinary MedicineChungnam National University

Dear Editor,influenza A viruses cause pandemics at an interval of approximately 10–40 years,and pigs are regarded as a'mixing vessel'because they are easily infected with avian and human influenza viruses(Ito et al.,... 详细信息

关键词： gene Detection and pathogenesis of a novel swine H3N2 influenza virus containing three genes from the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza viruses in Korea in 2015

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Epidemiological and Virological surveillance of Seasonal influenza viruses—China,2020–2021

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China CDC weekly 2021年第44期3卷 918-922页

作者： Weijuan Huang Xiyan Li Minju Tan Yanhui Cheng Tao Chen Hejiang Wei Xiaoxu Zeng Yiran Xie Jia Liu Ning Xiao Lei Yang Dayan Wang National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionWHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on InfluenzaKey Laboratory for Medical VirologyNational Health CommissionBeijingChina

Introduction:During the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,the circulation of seasonal influenza virus declined globally and remained below previous seasonal levels.We analyzed the results of the epidemiology,antigenic,and genetic characteristics,and antiviral susceptibilities of seasonal influenza viruses isolated from the mainland of China during October 5,2020 through September 5,2021,to better assess the risk of influenza during subsequent influenza season in 2021–2022.Methods:Positive rates of influenza virus detection during this period were based on real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR)detection by the Chinese National influenza surveillance Network laboratories,and isolated viruses from influenza positive samples were submitted to the Chinese National influenza Center.Antigenic analyses for influenza viruses were conducted using the hemagglutination inhibition assay.Next-generation sequencing was used for genetic analyses.viruses were tested for resistance to antiviral medications using a phenotypic assay and next-generation sequencing.Results:In southern China,the influenza positivity rate was elevated especially after March 2021 and was higher than the same period the previous year with the COVID-19 pandemic.In northern China,influenza positive rate peaked at Week 18 in 2021 and has declined since then.Nearly all isolated viruses were B/Victoria lineage viruses during the study period,and 37.3%of these viruses are antigenically similar to the reference viruses representing the vaccine components for the 2020–2021 and 2021–2022 Northern Hemisphere influenza season.All seasonal influenza viruses were susceptible to neuraminidase inhibitors and endonuclease inhibitors.Conclusions:influenza activity has gradually increased in the mainland of China in 2021,although the intensity of activity is still lower than before the COVID-19 pandemic.The diversity of circulating influenza types/subtypes decreased,with the vast majority being B/Victoria lineage viruses.The surveillance data from this study sug

关键词： mainland season prevention

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SARS-CoV-2 surveillance Through China influenza surveillance Information System—China,December 1,2022 to February 12,2023

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China CDC weekly 2023年第7期5卷 152-158页

作者： Xiaoxu Zeng Yiran Xie Xiaokun Yang Zhibin Peng Jing Tang Lei Yang Shuxia Lin Jun Han Yanping Zhang Dayan Wang National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention/WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on InfluenzaBeijing MunicipalityChina Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing MunicipalityChina Key laboratory for Medical Virology National Health CommissionBeijing MunicipalityChina

Introduction:The World Health Organization(WHO)proposed using influenza surveillance systems to carry out coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)surveillance due to the similarity between the two diseases in some respiratory symptoms.To assess the prevalence of COVID-19,we analyzed the influenzalike illness(ILI)and positive rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)detections in ILI patients reported to the influenza surveillance Information System(CNISIS)since late 2022.Methods:Data related to ILI were reported by national surveillance sentinel hospitals.Positive testing for SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses was conducted using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(rRT-PCR)detection by the national influenza surveillance network laboratories.surveillance data were reported to CNISIS.Results:Beginning on December 12,2022(Week 50),the ILI percentage increased dramatically,peaking in Week 51 at 12.1%.Subsequently,the ILI percentage began to decline rapidly from Week 52,2022,and by Week 6,2023(February 6-12),the ILI and ILI percentage had returned to the levels observed at the beginning of December 2022.From December 1,2022 to February 12,2023,115,844 specimens were tested for both SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus.Of these,30,381(26.2%)were positive for SARSCoV-2 and 1,763(1.5%)were positive for influenza virus.The positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 tests peaked at 74.1%around December 23 and 25.Conclusions:Sentinel-based surveillance,previously established for influenza,is an effective way to track the circulation trend of SARS-CoV-2 during community-level epidemics.There was no coprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus during the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2,even during the winter influenza season.However,it is important to remain vigilant for the potential rise of influenza activities following the COVID-19 epidemic.

关键词： winter December surveillance

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Accelerated Evolution of H7N9 Subtype influenza virus under Vaccination Pressure

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Virologica Sinica 2021年第5期36卷 1124-1132页

作者： Yifan Wu Jingkai Hu Xuanjiang Jin Xiao Li Jinfeng Wang Mengmeng Zhang Jianglin Chen Shumin Xie Wenbao Qi Ming Liao Weixin Jia National Avian influenza Para-Reference laboratory(Guangzhou) College of Veterinary MedicineSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642China Key laboratory of Zoonosis Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine DevelopmentMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsGuangzhou 510642China Guangdong laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture Guangzhou 510642China National and Regional Joint Engineering laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control Guangzhou 510642China Key laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province Guangzhou 510642China

No avian H7 N9 outbreaks have occurred since the introduction of H7 N9 inactivated vaccine in the fall of 2017.However,H7 N9 is still prevalent in poultry.To surveil the prevalence,genetic characteristics,and antigenic changes of H7 N9,over7000 oropharyngeal and cloaca swab specimens were collected from live poultry markets and farms in 15 provinces of China from 2017 to 2019.A total of 85 influenza virus subtype H7 N9 strains were isolated and 20 representative strains were selected for genetic analysis and antigenicity evaluation.Results indicated the decreased prevalence of low-pathogenic H7 N9 strains while highly-pathogenic H7 N9 strains became dominated since the introduction of vaccine.Phylogenetic analysis showed that strains from 2019 formed an independent small branch and were genetically distant to strains isolated in 2013–2018.Analysis of key amino acid sites showed that the virus strains may adapt to the host environment evolutionally through mutation.Our analysis predicted additional potential glycosylation sites for HA and NA genes in the 2019 strains.Sequence analysis of HA gene in strains isolated from 2018 to 2019 showed that there were an increased nucleotide substitution rate and an increased mutation rate in the first and second nucleotides of coding codons within the open reading frame.The hemagglutination inhibition(HI)assay showed that H7-Re1 and H7-Re2 exhibited a lower HI titer for isolates from 2019,while H7-Re3 and r LN79 showed a high HI titer.The protective effect of the vaccine decreased after15 months of use.Overall,under vaccination pressure,the evolution of influenza virus subtype H7 N9 has accelerated.

关键词： H7N9 Genetic evolution Epidemiological investigation Hemagglutination inhibition assay Vaccination pressure

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A serologic investigation of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus in China between 2014 and 2019

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Virologica Sinica 2022年第4期37卷 513-520页

作者： Yingliang Duan Zhenxing Yang Pei Zhu Lei Xiao Zhanhong Li Zhuoran Li Le Li Jianbo Zhu Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal virus Diseases laboratory Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary InstituteKunming650000China

Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus(EHDV)is a member of the genus Orbivirus,family Sedoreoviridae.It was firstly recognized in 1955 to cause a highly fatal disease of wild white-tailed deer in America.So far,EHDV was detected and isolated in many wild or domestic ruminants,and widely distributed all over the world.Although the domestic cattle and sheep infected by EHDV were usually asymptomatic or subclinical,several outbreaks of epizootic hemorrhagic disease(EHD)in deer and cattle had been reported.Many EHDV strains were isolated and sequenced in last two decades in China,which promoted a general serologic investigation of EHDV in China.In this study,18,122 sera were collected from asymptomatic or subclinical domestic ruminants(cattle,cow,yaks,sheep,goats,and deer)in 116 regions belonging to 15 provinces in China.All the sera were tested by EHDV CELISA,and the results were obtained by big data analysis.EHDV infections were detected in the 14 of 15provinces,and only Tibet(average altitude≥4000 m)which was the highest province in China was free of EHDV.The numbers of seropositive collections in both bovine and goat/sheep were in an inverse proportion to the latitude.However,the seropositive rates in bovine were ranged from 0%to 100%,while the seropositive rates in goat/sheep were no more than 50%.The results suggested that bovine was obviously more susceptive for EHDV infection than goat and sheep,therefore might be a major reservoir of EHDV in China.The prevalence of EHDV was consistent with the distribution of Culicoides which were known as the sole insect vectors of EHDV.In particular,the seropositive rates of EHDV were very high in the southern provinces,which required the enhanced surveillance in the future.

关键词： Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus(EHDV) Prevalence Ruminant China

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Research progress in human infection with avian influenza H7N9 virus

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2017年第12期60卷 1299-1306页

作者： Jing Tang Dayan Wang National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on influenza Key laboratory for Medical Virology National Health and Family Planning CommissionBeijing 102206China

Since the identification of the novel reassortant avian influenza A(H7N9) virus in China in 2013, until Jun 30, 2017, the virus has caused five epidemic waves leading to a total of 1,552 human infections, with a fatality rate of about 40%. In the spring of2017, highly pathogenic avian influenza(HPAI) H7N9 virus emerged and has caused 25 human infections. The HPAI H7N9 virus has some biological differences from the LPAI one, such as its multiple basic amino acid residues on HA leading to its independence on trypsin for replication. The pathogenicity of the HPAI H7N9 virus to experimental animals or humans is still unclear. A(H7N9) vaccine development for pandemic preparedness is ongoing, including the reassortment(H7N9/PR8)reverse genetic based vaccine, the virus like particle(VLP) vaccine, the intranasal live attenuated influenza vaccine(LAIV),the non-adjuvant Vero cell culture-derived inactivated whole-virus vaccine, the MDCK culture-derived vaccine, the H7 DNA vaccine and the recombinant replicative H7N9 virus \(H7N9-53 TM\) vaccine. Five neuramidinase resistant sites of A(H7N9)virus isolated from patients have been reported. Some alternative drugs have been studied, such as DAS181(Fludase), ribavirin,troglitazone and minocycline. Persistent surveillance and enhanced global control are essential to fight against human infections with A(H7N9) virus.

关键词： influenza A(H7N9) virus epidemiology virological characteristics vaccine drug resistance

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Distribution of avian influenza viruses according to environmental surveillanee during 2014-2018, China

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2021年第3期10卷 99-100页

作者： Hong Bo Ye Zhang Li-Bo Dong Jie Dong Xi-Yan Li Xiang Zhao Zi Li Yue-Long Shu Da-Yan Wang Nation al Institute for Viral Disease Control and Preve ntion Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionWHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research On InfluenzaKey Laboratory for BiosafetyNational Health CommissionBeijingChina 不详

Background:Recurrent infections of animal hosts with avian influenza viruses(AIVs)have posted a persistent threat.It is very important to understand the avian influenza virus distribution and characteristics in environment associated with poultry and wild bird.The aim of this study was to analyze the geographic and seasonal distributions of AIVs in the 31 provinces,municipalities and autonomous region(PMA)of China,compare the AIVs prevalence in different col-lecting sites and sampling types,analyze the diversity of AIVs subtypes in environment.

关键词： Avian influenza virus Live poultry market Environment Surveillanee

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Differential miRNA expression profiling of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 infected chicken lungs reveals critical microRNAs,biological pathways and genes involved in the molecular pathogenesis

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Virologica Sinica 2022年第3期37卷 465-468页

作者： Anamika Mishra Muhasin Asaf Amod Kumar Diwakar Dattatreya Kulkarni Richa Sood Sandeep Bhatia Bharat Bhushan Ashwin Ashok Raut Pathogenomics laboratory ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal DiseasesOIE referral laboratory for Avian InfluenzaBhopal 462021India ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases OIE referral lab for Avian InfluenzaBhopal 462021India Division of Animal Genetics ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research InstituteBareilly 243122India

Dear Editor,Avian influenza is a highly contagious viral infection affecting the respiratory system.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are small,regulatory,endogenous,non-coding RNAs of~22 nt that regulate the gene expression of the target mRNAs by cleavage or translational repression.miRNAs are connected with the host response during avian influenza virus(AIV)infection(Wang et al.,2009,2012).In this study.

关键词： influenza endogenous pathogenesis

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Epidemiological and virological surveillance of influenza viruses in China during 2020–2021

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2022年第3期11卷 101-101页

作者： Wei-juan Huang Yan-hui Cheng Min-ju Tan Jia Liu Xi-yan Li Xiao-xu Zeng Jing Tang He-jiang Wei Tao Chen Lei Yang Yi-ran Xie Jia-ying Yang Ning Xiao Da-yan Wang National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionWHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on InfluenzaKey Laboratory for Medical Virology and Viral DiseasesNational Health CommissionBeijingChina

Background: During the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,seasonal influenza activity declined globally and remained below previous seasonal levels,but intensified in China since 2021.Preventive measures to COVID-19 accompanied by different epidemic characteristics of influenza in different regions of the world.To better respond to influenza outbreaks under the COVID-19 pandemic,we analyzed the epidemiology,antigenic and genetic characteristics,and antiviral susceptibility of influenza viruses in the mainland of China during 2020–2021.Methods: Respiratory specimens from influenza like illness cases were collected by sentinel hospitals and sent to network laboratories in Chinese National influenza surveillance Network.Antigenic mutation analysis of influenza virus isolates was performed by hemagglutination inhibition assay.Next-generation sequencing was used for genetic analyses.We also conducted molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of circulating influenza viruses.viruses were tested for resistance to antiviral medications using phenotypic and/or sequence-based methods.Results: In the mainland of China,influenza activity recovered in 2021 compared with that in 2020 and intensified during the traditional influenza winter season,but it did not exceed the peak in previous years.Almost all viruses isolated during the study period were of the B/Victoria lineage and were characterized by genetic diversity,with the subgroup 1A.3a.2 viruses currently predominated.37.8%viruses tested were antigenically similar to reference viruses representing the components of the vaccine for the 2020–2021 and 2021–2022 Northern Hemisphere influenza seasons.In addition,China has a unique subgroup of 1A.3a.1 viruses.All viruses tested were sensitive to neuraminidase inhibitors and endonuclease inhibitors,except two B/Victoria lineage viruses identified to have reduced sensitivity to neuraminidase inhibitors.Conclusions: influenza activity increased in the mainland of China in 2021,and caused flu season in the winte

关键词： influenza B/Victoria lineage viruses Epidemiological Virological surveillance

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