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Structure and receptor-binding properties of an airborne transmissible avian infl uenza A virus hemagglutinin H5(VN1203mut)

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Protein & Cell 2013年第7期4卷 502-511页

作者： Xishan Lu Yi Shi Wei Zhang Yanfang Zhang Jianxun Qi George F Gao College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Research Network of Immunity and Health(RNIH) Beijing Institutes of Life ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China CAS Key laboratory of Pathogenic microbiology and Immunology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China laboratory of Protein Engineering and Vaccines Tianjin Institute of Industrial BiotechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesTianjin 300308China National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(China CDC)Beijing 102206China

Avian infl uenza A virus continues to pose a global threat with occasional H5N1 human infections,which is em-phasized by a recent severe human infection caused by avian-origin H7N9 in *** these viruses do not transmit effi ciently in human *** a few ami-no acid substitutions of the hemagglutinin H5 protein in the laboratory,two H5 mutants have been shown to obtain an air-borne transmission in a mammalian ferret *** in this study one of the mutant H5 proteins devel-oped by Kawaoka’s group(VN1203mut)was expressed in a baculovirus system and its receptor-binding properties were *** herein show that the VN1203mut had a dramatically reduced binding affi nity for the avianα2,3-linkage receptor compared to wild type but showed no detectable increase in affi nity for the humanα2,6-linkage receptor,using Surface Plasmon Resonance ***,the crystal structures of the VN1203mut and its complexes with either human or avian receptors demon-strate that the VN1203mut binds the human receptor in the same binding manner(cis conformation)as seen for the HAs of previously reported 1957 and 1968 pandemic influenza *** receptor binding and crystallo-graphic data shown here further confi rm that the ability to bind the avian receptor has to decrease for a higher hu-man receptor binding affi *** the Q226L substitution is shown important for obtaining human receptor binding,we suspect that the newly emerged H7N9 binds human receptor as H7 has a Q226L substitution.

关键词： airborne transmission H5 avian infl uenza structure receptor binding

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Isolation of Cr(Ⅵ) reducing bacteria from industrial effuents and their potential use in bioremediation of chromium containing wastewater

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第6期21卷 814-820页

作者： Ahmed Zahoor Abdul Rehman Department of microbiology and Molecular Genetics University of the PunjabNew Campus

The present study was aimed to assess the ability of Bacillus ***-2-1 and Staphylococcus capitis to reduce hexavalent chromium into its trivalent *** ***-2-1 could tolerate Cr（Ⅵ）（4800 μg/mL） and *** could tolerate Cr（Ⅵ）（2800 μg/mL）.Both organisms were able to resist Cd^2＋（50 μg/mL）,Cu^2＋（200 μg/mL）,Pb^2＋（800 μg/mL）,Hg^2＋（50 μg/mL） and Ni2＋（4000 μg/mL）.*** resisted Zn^2＋ at 700 μg/mL while Bacillus ***-2-1 only showed resistance up to 50 μg/*** ***-2-1 and *** showed optimum growth at pH 6 and 7,respectively,while both bacteria showed optimum growth at 37°*** ***-2-1 and *** could reduce 85% and 81% of hexavalent chromium from the medium after 96 h and were also capable of reducing hexavalent chromium 86% and 89%,respectively,from the industrial effuents after 144 *** free extracts of Bacillus ***-2-1 and *** showed reduction of 83% and 70% at concentration of 10 μg Cr（Ⅵ）/mL,*** presence of an induced protein having molecular weight around 25 kDa in the presence of chromium points out a possible role of this protein in chromium *** bacterial isolates can be exploited for the bioremediation of hexavalent chromium containing wastes,since they seem to have a potential to reduce the toxic hexavalent form to its nontoxic trivalent form.

关键词： Cr(Ⅵ) reducing bacteria bioremediation Bacillus sp. JDM-2-1 Staphylococcus capitis

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Quantitative determination of the electron beam radiation dose for SARS-CoV-2 inactivation to decontaminate frozen food packaging

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Virologica Sinica 2022年第6期37卷 823-830页

作者： Zihao Wang Zhentao Liang Rongguo Wei Hongwei Wang Fang Cheng Yang Liu Songdong Meng Key laboratory of Pathogenic microbiology and Immunology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China Department of Clinical laboratory The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning530022China China Isotope and Radiaton Corporation Beijing100089China Changchun CNNC CIRC Radiation Technology Co. LTDChangchun130022China

The spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) from cold-chain foods to frontline workers poses a serious public health threat during the current global pandemic. There is an urgent need to design concise approaches for effective virus inactivation under different physicochemical conditions to reduce the risk of contagion through viral contaminated surfaces of cold-chain foods. By employing a time course of electron beam exposure to a high titer of SARS-CoV-2 at cold-chain temperatures, a radiation dose of 2 kGy was demonstrated to reduce the viral titer from 10^(4.5)to 0 median tissue culture infectious dose(TCID_(50))/mL. Next,using human coronavirus OC43(HCoV-OC43) as a suitable SARS-CoV-2 surrogate, 3 kGy of high-energy electron radiation was defined as the inactivation dose for a titer reduction of more than 4 log units on tested packaging materials. Furthermore, quantitative reverse transcription PCR(RT-qPCR) was used to test three viral genes,namely, E, N, and ORF1ab. There was a strong correlation between TCID50and RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2detection. However, RT-qPCR could not differentiate between the infectivity of the radiation-inactivated and nonirradiated control viruses. As the defined radiation dose for effective viral inactivation fell far below the upper safe dose limit for food processing, our results provide a basis for designing radiation-based approaches for the decontamination of SARS-CoV-2 in frozen food products. We further demonstrate that cell-based virus assays are essential to evaluate the SARS-CoV-2 inactivation efficiency for the decontaminating strategies.

关键词： Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) Inactivation Electron beam radiation Food decontamination Cold-chain

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Utilization of lignocellulosic plant residues for compost formation and its role in improving soil fertility

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Pedosphere 2023年第5期33卷 700-716页

作者： ALOKIKA ANU Bijender SINGH laboratory of Bioprocess Technology Departmentof MicrobiologyMaharshi Dayanand UniversityRohtakHaryana 124001India Department of Biotechnology Central University of HaryanaJant-PaliMahendergarhHaryana 123031India

Globally,urbanization and a steady increase in population generate a huge amount of wastes,which leads to a series of economic,social,and environmental changes,mainly in developing *** is an utmost need for efficient management strategies for the beneficial utilization of these wastes into useful *** these strategies,composting is gaining attention due to its benefits of solid waste management,such as proper sterilization,and economical and effective bioconversion of lignocellulosic wastes to valuable *** is an effective and sustainable approach for the management of various lignocellulosic *** process comprises a series of effective waste treatment steps to ensure sustainable *** composting methods have been explored for solid waste ***,the influence of various factors relevant to composting has been *** play a significant role in enhancing the degradation of lignocellulosic residues by secreting different hydrolytic *** has been utilized for increasing soil properties and improving plant growth.

关键词： abiotic factors composting method plant growth promotion remediation sustainable agriculture vermicomposting waste management

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Use of High-Yielding Bioenergy Plant Castor Bean(Ricinus communis L.) as a Potential Phytoremediator for Copper-Contaminated Soils

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Pedosphere 2013年第5期23卷 651-661页

作者： R. ANDREAZZA L. BORTOLON S. PIENIZ F. A. O. CAMARGO Department of Soil Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Laboratory of Soil Microbiology Center of Engineer Federal University of Pelotas EMBRAPA - Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation National Research Center of Fisheries Aquaculture and Agricultural Systems Department of Technology and Food microbiology Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul

Copper （Cu） contamination in the environment has been increased during the years with agricultural and industrial activities. Biotechnological approaches are needed for bioremediation in these areas. The aims of this study were i） to evaluate the phytoreme- diation capacity of the high-yielding bioenergy plant castor bean （Ricinus communis L.） in vineyard soils （Inceptisol and Mollisol） contaminated with Cu and a Cu mining waste; ii） to characterize the castor bean as a Cu phytoremediation plant; and iii） to evaluate the nutrient uptake by castor bean. Castor bean plants cultivated in soil with toxic levels of Cu for 57 d exhibited high phytomass production, a high tolerance index of roots＇ fresh mass and shoots＇ dry mass, a high level of Cu phytoaccumulation in the roots and also, a robust capacity for Cu phytostabilization. Furthermore, castor bean plants did not significantly deplete soil nutrients （such as N, P, and Mg） during cultivation. Plants cultivated in Inceptisol, Mollisol and Cu mining waste exhibited a strong potential for Cu phytoaccumulation, with values of 5900, 3 052 and 2805 g ha-1, respectively. In addition, the castor bean＇s elevated phytomass production and strong growth in Cu-contaminated soils indicated a high level of Cu phytoaccumulation and a potential application in biofuels. These findings indicate that the castor bean is a efficient hyperaccumulator of Cu and a potential candidate plant for the phytoremediation of Cu-contaminated soil.

关键词： biofuels phytoaccumulation phytoremediation phytostabilization

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Identification of Aflatoxigenic Fungi and Detection of Their Aflatoxin in Red Chilli (<i>Capsicum annuum</i>) Samples Using Direct Cultural Method and HPLC

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Advances in microbiology 2018年第1期8卷 42-53页

作者： Md. Nur Hossain Asma Talukder Farhana Afroze Md. Matiur Rahim Shamima Begum Md. Zahurul Haque Monzur Morshed Ahmed industrial microbiology laboratory Institute of Food Science and Technology (IFST) Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) Dhanmondi Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Genetics and Biotechnology Noakhali Science and Technology University Noakhali Bangladesh Department of microbiology Jagganath University Dhaka Bangladesh Food Toxicology Research laboratory Institute of Food Science and Technology (IFST) Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) Dhanmondi Dhaka Bangladesh

Aflatoxins are the potential lethal toxin produced by Aspergillus sp. important health hazard throughout the world. In this study, 26 Aspergillus sp. have been isolated from 50 samples of red chilli collected throughout the country. These 26 isolates were grown primarily on agar media to identify the aflatoxin producing species. It is possible to distinguish A. flavus strains from other Aspergillus sp. developing orange colour on the reverse of the plates. The Coconut Cream Agar (CCA) is used to detect aflatoxin producer strains having blue fluorescence when exposed to a UV-light. Several other media were used for morphological characteristics of Aspergillus sp. Out of 26 isolates, four isolates were confirmed as Aspergillus sp. These isolates were subjected to cross contamination with freshly ground, sterile maize and after 15 days of incubation the contaminated maize were analyzed by HPLC and found aflatoxin in each of the sample containing 186 ppb (max.). This study was conducted to assay the ability to produce aflatoxins by the Aspergillus spp. isolated from red chilli (Capsicum annuum L. Solanaceae) available throughout the country. The results found in the experiment are much more behind the acceptable limit according to some international standard. As red chilli is a widely used spice in Bangladesh, the proper controlling measures may be taken for controlling the surveillance of aflatoxinic fungi like as use of bio-pesticides, proper drying method and storage conditions.

关键词： Aflatoxin Aspergillus Detection HPLC Red Chilli

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Production,purification and activity evaluation of three novel antioxidant peptides obtained from grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)scale waste by microbial protease BaApr1 hydrolysis

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Systems microbiology and Biomanufacturing 2022年第3期2卷 568-579页

作者： Shuang Li Qiaopeng Tian Tiantian Meng Zhengbing Guan Yujie Cai Xiangru Liao The Key laboratory of industrial Biotechnology Ministry of EducationSchool of BiotechnologyJiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxi 214122JiangsuPeople’s Republic of China

In this study,an alkaline protease BaApr1 from the Bacillus altitudinis W3 was chosen to hydrolysis grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)*** hydrolysate of alkaline protease BaApr1 exhibited the best antioxidant activity compared to other protease *** optimal hydrolysis conditions for BaApr1 were an enzyme dosage of 1250 U/g,a hydrolysis time of 7 h,a pH of 9.5 and a temperature of 50℃.Three novel peptides were purified using ultrafiltration,anion exchange chromatography,gel filtration chromatography and ultra-performance liquid chromatography,and their sequences were identified as Tyr-Val-Gln-Ala-Gly-Ala-Ala-Gly-Ala-Ala-Ala-His(SHP2),Val-Lys-Leu-Tyr-Val-Leu-Leu-Val-Pro(SHP4),and Val-Gln-Val-Leu-Ala-Gly-Pro-Val-Val-Lys-Leu-Tyr(SHP5)with molecular weights of 1086.53 Da,1043.69 Da and 1285.79 Da,*** them,SHP2 exhibited the highest scavenging activity on DPPH;(EC_(50)4.08 mg/mL),ABTS+;(EC_(50)0.23 mg/mL)and HO;(EC_(50)2.78 mg/mL),and the strongest reducing ***,SHP5 can significantly inhibit lipid peroxidation in the linoleic acid *** conclusion,three peptides isolated from scales of hydrolysate of grass carp showed great antioxidant activity and might be used as potential food ingredients and pharmaceuticals.

关键词： Antioxidant activity Peptides Alkaline protease Ctenopharyngodon idella Bacillus altitudinis

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CRISPR-based gene editing technology and its application in microbial engineering

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Engineering microbiology 2023年第4期3卷 67-79页

作者： Junwei Wei Yingjun Li State Key laboratory of Agricultural microbiology and College of Life Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China

Gene editing technology involves the modification of a specific target gene to obtain a new function or *** advances in clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)-Cas-mediated technolo-gies have provided an efficient tool for genetic engineering of cells and ***,we review the three emerging gene editing tools(ZFNs,TALENs,and CRISPR-Cas)and briefly introduce the principle,classification,and mechanisms of the CRISPR-Cas *** for gene editing based on endogenous and exogenous CRISPR-Cas systems,as well as the novel base editor(BE),prime editor(PE),and CRISPR-associated transposase(CAST)technologies,are described in *** addition,we summarize recent developments in the application of CRISPR-based gene editing tools for industrial microorganism and probiotics ***,the potential challenges and future perspectives of CRISPR-based gene editing tools are discussed.

关键词： CRISPR-Cas system Gene editing industrial microorganisms Probiotics

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The Citrate Metabolism in Homo-and Heterofermentative LAB:A Selective Means of Becoming Dominant over Other Microorganisms in Complex Ecosystems

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2014年第10期5卷 953-969页

作者： Gemelas Laetitia Degraeve Pascal Demarigny Yann Isara-Lyon AgrapoleFood Microbiology LaboratoryBIODYMIALyonFrance Lyon 1 University Research Laboratory in Industrial Engineering Food—BIODYMIA EA 373Bourg-en-BresseFrance

The citrate metabolism has been extensively studied in lactic acid bacteria (LAB) for its aroma compound production. Among the 4-carbon (C4) by-products obtained from citrate fermentation, diacetyl is one of the better known products for its contribution to the buttery aroma of dairy products. A lot of documents deal with ways to improve diacetyl concentration in food matrices. Apart from these organoleptic advantages, in a microbial ecosystem, the citrate metabolism gives selective advantages to citrate positive microorganisms. Citrate metabolism allows the LAB to use another carbon source for their growth, withstand acidic conditions and generate a “proton motive force” (PMF). Moreover, the citrate/glucid co-metabolism leads to the fast release of organic compounds known for having bacteriostatic effects. Under specific conditions, the C4?pathway liberates diacetyl which is bacteriostatic. In this review we first describe the citrate metabolism and the enzymes involved in the two homo- and heterofermentative LABLc diacetylactisandLeuconostocspp. Moreover, the way to shift the metabolic pathway toward the production of aromatic compounds is discussed for both of these fermentative types of bacteria. Finally, the selective advantages of citrate metabolism for LAB in complex microbial ecosystems are delineated.

关键词： Citrate Metabolism Lactococcus lactis subsp.lactis biovar.diacetylactis Leuconostoc spp. Complex Microbial Ecosystems Homo-and Heterofermentative Lactic Acid Bacteria

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Accelerating the menaquinone‑7 production in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens by optimization of the biosynthetic pathway and medium components

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Systems microbiology and Biomanufacturing 2023年第4期3卷 776-791页

作者： Chang‑Long Li Meng Li Wei‑Guo Zhang Jian‑Zhong Xu The Key laboratory of industrial Biotechnology Ministry of EducationSchool of BiotechnologyJiangnan University1800#Lihu RoadWuXi 214122People’s Republic of China

Menaquinone-7(MK-7)has an important role in preventing diseases such as cardiovascular disease and *** this study,a combination strategy of strain improvement and medium optimization is investigated to increase MK-7 production in Bacillus *** breeding method was first used to modify the biosynthetic pathway to construct a MK-7 high-producing strain by atmospheric and room temperature plasma mutagenesis and protoplast *** resulted strain Ba-4 with resistance to sulfaguanidine,1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid,menadione,2-deoxy-d-glucose and rifampicin as well as sensitive toβ-fluoropyruvate produced 73.57±1.61 mg/L of MK-7,which was 1.36 times more than that of the parent strain H.β.D.R.-5(i.e.,31.12±1.40 mg/L).Subsequently,single-factor optimization and response surface method-ology(RSM)were used to optimize the medium components for increasing MK-7 production by strain *** Ba-4 produced 90.43±1.32 mg/L of MK-7 under the single-factor optimized ***,the results of response surface methodology indicated that glycerol,soy peptone and Tween-80 had significant effects on MK-7 production,and the highest MK-7 production(i.e.,95.03±1.01 mg/L)was obtained under the optimized medium,which was 0.29 times higher than that of the initial *** results confirmed that the conventional breeding methods and fermenter control system are effective strategies in improving MK-7 production by ***.

关键词： Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Menaquinone-7 ARTP mutagenesis system Protoplast fusion Medium optimization

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