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Transforming growth factor-beta 1 enhances discharge activity of cortical neurons

Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 548-556页

作者： Zhihui Ren Tian Li Xueer Liu Zelin Zhang Xiaoxuan Chen Weiqiang Chen Kangsheng Li Jiangtao Sheng Department of Microbiology and Immunology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular ImmunopathologyShantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdong ProvinceChina Department of Neurosurgery First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdong ProvinceChina

Transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-β1)has been extensively studied for its pleiotropic effects on central nervous system *** neuroprotective or neurotoxic effects of TGF-β1 in specific brain areas may depend on the pathological process and cell types ***-gated sodium channels(VGSCs)are essential ion channels for the generation of action potentials in neurons,and are involved in various neuroexcitation-related ***,the effects of TGF-β1 on the functional properties of VGSCs and firing properties in cortical neurons remain *** this study,we investigated the effects of TGF-β1 on VGSC function and firing properties in primary cortical neurons from *** found that TGF-β1 increased VGSC current density in a dose-and time-dependent manner,which was attributable to the upregulation of Nav1.3 *** VGSC current density and Nav1.3 expression were significantly abolished by preincubation with inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase(PD98059),p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(SB203580),and Jun NH2-terminal kinase 1/2 inhibitor(SP600125).Interestingly,TGF-β1 significantly increased the firing threshold of action potentials but did not change their firing rate in cortical *** findings suggest that TGF-β1 can increase Nav1.3 expression through activation of the ERK1/2-JNK-MAPK pathway,which leads to a decrease in the firing threshold of action potentials in cortical neurons under pathological ***,this contributes to the occurrence and progression of neuroexcitatory-related diseases of the central nervous system.

关键词： central nervous system cortical neurons ERK firing properties JNK Nav1.3 p38 transforming growth factor-beta 1 traumatic brain injury voltage-gated sodium currents

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Fine-tuning the spatial allocation of phytohormones for smart canopy, smart breeding, and smart agriculture

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 309-310页

作者： Tao Zhou Lin Li National Key laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement Huazhong Agricultural University HuBei HongShan laboratory

The dual challenges of global climate change and population growth have increased demand for higher crop yields per unit area. The innovative technology of smart agriculture aims to synergize breeding, cultivation, and production through the application of biological and informatics technologies. Historically, the “Green Revolution” introduced semidwarf varieties of certain key crops by utilizing mutations affecting gibberellin pathways, which significantly increased planting densities and yields.

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Isobaric enzymatic assays reveal depth-dependent variation in microbial ectoenzyme activities in the deepest ocean on Earth

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 185-194页

作者： Junwei CAO Jiahua WANG Hongge ZHANG Junhao DENG Binbin PAN Jiawang CHEN Li ZHANG Jiasong FANG College of Oceanography and Ecological Science Shanghai Ocean University Ocean College Zhejiang University laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology

Microbial ectoenzymes play essential roles in the transformation and mineralization of organic matter in the ***, conventional methods for measuring microbial ectoenzyme activities(MEAs) in the deep ocean under atmospheric conditions can misrepresent the metabolic activities of indigenous microbial communities. To overcome this limitation, we measured the activities of three microbial ectoenzymes(aminopeptidase, α-glucosidase, and β-glucosidase) under both atmospheric and in situ pressure conditions in seawater collected using pressure-retaining and non-pressure-retaining samplers in the Challenger Deep, Mariana Trench. In the case of aminopeptidase and α-glucosidase, the highest isobaric MEAs were observed in the surface layer(50 m), followed by those at abyssopelagic depths(4,000–6,000 m) for aminopeptidase, hadal realm(10,903 m)for α-glucosidase, while β-glucosidase activity exhibited the highest value at 10,903 m. Furthermore, the isobaric MEAs in hadal waters were commonly found to be higher than the decompressed counterparts, highlighting the importance of pressure-retaining sampling and isobaric enzymatic assays. The half-saturation constant(Km) showed a general decreasing trend with depth,suggesting that the deep ocean microbes might have adapted to the high-pressure and oligotrophic environment by increasing their ectoenzyme's affinity to substrate. Furthermore, particle-free MEAs contribute more to the total MEAs in the deep ocean than particle-associated MEAs, suggesting the significance of cell-associated and dissolved ectoenzymes in ocean *** study provides a foundation for future investigations of MEAs in the ocean and has important implications for understanding the dynamics of microbially mediated biogeochemical cycling in marine ecosystems.

关键词： Pressure-retaining sampling Microbial ectoenzyme activity Deep-sea microbes High pressure Mariana Trench

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Bifunctional bridging capping layer enables 24.5% efficiency of perovskite solar cells with polymer-based hole transport materials

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第1期68卷 350-359页

作者： Can Zhu Yiyang Wang Lei Meng Beibei Qiu Jing Li Shucheng Qin Ke Hu Xin Jiang Wenbin Lai Minchao Liu Zhe Liu Chenxing Lu Jinyuan Zhang Yongfang Li Beijing National laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Chemical Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key laboratory of Solid State Optoelectronic Devices of Zhejiang Province College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering Zhejiang Normal University Key laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University

Developing a bridge capping layer between perovskite and hole transport layer materials（HTMs） in the n-i-p perovskite solar cells（pero-SCs） is an effective approach to modify the morphology of HTMs and passivate the perovskite ***, we select the quinoxaline-based bifunctional passivation agent, quinoxalin-6-yl-methylamine hydrochloride（Qx MACl）,as the bridging layer, and a D-A copolymer PBQ12 containing the same quinoxaline unit as an HTM for the n-i-p pero-SCs. Due to the π-π stacking among the common quinoxaline units in the bridge layer and HTM, Qx MACl induces the π-π stacking of the PBQ12 film and improves the film morphology of HTMs with better conductivity. Additionally, Qx MACl can effectively passivate the perovskite surface, and PBQ12 possesses appropriate energy levels and high hole mobility. The pero-SCs based on FAPbI3with PBQ12/Qx MACl treatment showed a higher power conversion efficiency（PCE） of 24.05% and outstanding stability, maintaining 95.4% and 92.1% of its initial PCE after 750 h of storage and after over 800 h of thermal annealing at 85 °C, respectively. To further enhance the PCE of the PBQ12/Qx MACl-based devices, we developed a non-metal ion dopant for the PBQ12 HTM. Through trace doping of PBQ12 HTM by the non-metal ion dopant, the PCE of the PBQ12/Qx MACl-based devices reached 25.24%（the calibrated PCE of 24.55% by the National Institute of Metrology, China）.

关键词： D-A copolymer, hole transport materials, bifunctional bridge capping layer, passivation perovskite solar cells

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CO2-mediated bicarbonate conversion to concentrated formate in a CEM-based electrolyzer

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 605-611页

作者： Haocheng Xiong Donghuan Wu Haonan Li Andrew Li Qikun Hu Siyao Song Bingjun Xu Qi Lu State Key laboratory of Chemical Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Ordos laboratory

Renewable energy-driven bicarbonate conversion to valuable chemicals presents an attractive strategy for mitigating CO2emissions,as bicarbonate can be efficiently generated from the capture of atmospheric CO2using alkaline solutions with reactive *** this work,we present a CO2-mediated bicarbonate conversion to pure formate using a cation exchange membrane-based electrolyzer with a 25 cm2electrode *** electrolysis achieved selectivities exceeding 75%for formate at a total current of 2.5 A,achieving formate concentrations up to 1.2 M and yields as high as 95%over extended *** techno-economic assessment confirmed the economic viability of the process,highlighting the potential for bicarbonate electrolysis as a sustainable method for producing valuable chemicals.

关键词： Electrocatalysis Techno-economic assessments Electrochemistry Flow electrolyzer

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Unraveling the impacts of intermolecular interaction on morphology evolution for highly efficient organic solar cells and modules

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第1期68卷 264-272页

作者： Xueqing Ma Yingying Cheng Yuqiang Liu Xinming Zheng Guangliu Ran Hongxiang Li Xinyue Cui Andong Zhang Wenkai Zhang Pei Cheng Wenchao Huang Zhishan Bo Beijing Key laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University College of Textiles and Clothing State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles Qingdao University Key State laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing School of Materials Science and EngineeringWuhan University of Technology Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major laboratory Center for Advanced Quantum Studies Beijing Normal University State Key laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering College of Polymer Science and Engineering Sichuan University

Understanding the effect of intermolecular interaction on the growth dynamic of active layers is critical for advancing organic solar cells(OSCs). However, the diverse structure of donors and acceptors makes the research challenging. Additives with customizable structures and properties could simplify this complexity. Herein, we meticulously tailor two additives of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene(EDOT) and 2,5-dibromo-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene(DBEDOT), possessing distinct intermolecular interaction features to elaborate the inherent relationship. It is found that varied interaction strengths can alter film formation processes. The enhanced intermolecular interaction between the DBEDOT and non-fullerene acceptor BTP-e C9-4F results in pre-aggregation and longer crystallization duration of BTP-e C9-4F, facilitating the formation of films with compact molecular packing and decent phase separation. Thus, exciton dissociation and charge transport become more efficient. Finally, devices processed with DBEDOT exhibit a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 19.35% in small-area OSCs and 14.11% in bladecoated 5 cm × 5 cm organic solar mini-modules. Especially, OSCs can maintain 80% of their initial efficiency after continuous annealing at 85 °C for over 2,100 h.

关键词： organic solar cell non-fullerene acceptor film growth molecular packing intermolecular interaction

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Exploring the potential of extrachromosomal DNA as a novel oncogenic driver

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 144-157页

作者： Huanbo Zhu Longtao Huangfu Junbing Chen Jiafu Ji Xiaofang Xing Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing) Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research LaboratoryPeking University Cancer Hospital & Institute Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Center Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation Liver Cancer InstituteZhongshan HospitalFudan University Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion Ministry of Education State Key laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational ResearchDivision of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research LaboratoryPeking University Cancer Hospital & Institute

Extrachromosomal DNA(ecDNA) is a form of circular DNA mostly found in tumor cells. Unlike the typical chromosomal DNA, ecDNA is circular, self-replicating, and carries complete or partial gene fragments. Although ecDNA occurrence remains a rare event in cancer, recent studies have shown that oncogene amplification on ecDNA is widespread throughout many types of cancer, implying that ecDNA plays a central role in accelerating tumor evolution. ecDNA has also been associated with increased tumor mutation burden, chromosomal instability, and even tumor microenvironment remodeling. ecDNA may be crucial in influencing tumor heterogeneity, drug sensitivity,oncogenic senescence, and tumor immunogenicity, leading to a worsening prognosis for tumor patients. In this way, several clinical trials have been conducted to investigate the importance of ecDNA in clinical treatment. In this review, we summarize the biogenesis, characteristics, and current research methods of ecDNA, discuss the vital role of ecDNA-caused tumor heterogeneity in cancers, and highlight the potential role of ecDNA in cancer therapy.

关键词： extrachromosomal DNA cancer therapy tumor heterogeneity drug resistance tumor evolution

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Trinuclear gold-catalyzed site-selective alkylation of peptides

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第1期68卷 249-256页

作者： Qing-Yun Fang Chengyihan Gu Yinghan Chen Wencheng Yan Yong Liang Weipeng Li Chengjian Zhu Jie Han Jin Xie State Key laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (Chem BIC) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University State Key laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University

Selective modification of peptides has always been a challenging issue. The selective alkylation of peptides can alter the biological activity and physical properties of molecules, and it has gained significant research interest. We herein disclose an intriguing gold-catalyzed alkylation of peptides using bench-stable unactivated alkyl bromides under photoredox catalysis. A wide range of structurally diverse primary, secondary and tertiary alkyl bromides serve as effective coupling partners to precisely connect with the α-C(sp3)–H in glycine residue of peptides. This protocol demonstrates an exceptionally broad scope for alkyl halides and excellent tolerance for a wide range of useful functional groups. A series of relay transformations to construct cyclic peptides, to proceed click reaction and to realize peptide fluorescence labeling further enhance its synthetic practicality. In addition, mechanistic studies and density functional theory(DFT) calculations reveal an inner-sphere and subsequent outersphere single electron transfer(SET) mechanism.

关键词： gold catalysis peptide alkylation C-C coupling radical

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Unveiling the promotion role of ZnO on Zn-Al spinel oxide for CO2 hydrogenation

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 18-25页

作者： Tongyao Wang Xinlong Yao Lixin Liang Hongyu Chen Pan Gao Guangjin Hou State Key laboratory of Catalysis Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

The Zn-Al spinel oxide stands out as one of the most active catalysts for high-temperature methanol synthesis from CO2hydrogenation. However, the structure–activity relationship of the reaction remains poorly understood due to challenges in atomic-level structural characterizations and analysis of reaction intermediates. In this study, we prepared two Zn-Al spinel oxide catalysts via coprecipitation（ZnAl-C）and hydrothermal（ZnAl-H） methods, and conducted a comparative investigation in the CO2hydrogenation reaction. Surprisingly, under similar conditions, ZnAl-C exhibited significantly higher selectivity towards methanol and DME compared to ZnAl-H. Comprehensive characterizations using X-ray diffraction（XRD）, Raman spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance（EPR） unveiled that ZnAl-C catalyst had abundant ZnO species on its surface, and the interaction between the ZnO species and its ZnAl spinel oxide matrix led to the formation of oxygen vacancies, which are crucial for CO2adsorption and activation. Additionally, state-of-the-art solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance（NMR） techniques,including ex-situ and in-situ NMR analyses, confirmed that the surface ZnO facilitates the formation of unique highly reactive interfacial formate species, which was readily hydrogenated to methanol and DME. These insights elucidate the promotion effects of ZnO on the ZnAl spinel oxide in regulating active sites and reactive intermediates for CO2-to-methanol hydrogenation reaction, which is further evidenced by the significant enhancement in methanol and DME selectivity observed upon loading ZnO onto the ZnAl-H catalyst. These molecular-level mechanism understandings reinforce the idea of optimizing the ZnO-ZnAl interface through tailored synthesis methods to achieve activity-selectivity balance.

关键词： Reaction intermediates

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Experimental Study on Diesel Spray and Flame Asymmetry Characteristics of Dual-Orifice Nozzles for a Medium-Speed Engine

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Journal of Thermal Science 2025年第1期34卷 303-322页

作者： JU Dehao LIU Rui ZHENG Liang DENG Jiahui ZHANG Wenzheng HUO Jinlu HUANG Li Shanghai Marine Diesel Engine Research Institute National Key laboratory of Marine Engine Science and Technology Key laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering Ministry of EducationShanghai Jiao Tong University

The asymmetry of the multi-orifice spray will cause uneven heat load of the marine diesel engine,thereby affecting its working performance and service ***,an in-depth understanding of the spray and flame characteristics of multi-orifice nozzles will guide the optimization of the nozzle structure,needle design and diesel atomization and combustion *** this reason,four groups of dual-orifice nozzles with different hole diameters(0.1-0.55 mm) and mass flow rates covering the typical marine medium-speed diesel injections are designed and customized,and the constant volume chamber(CVC) with high temperature and pressure is used to simulate the actual in-cylinder working conditions of the diesel engine for the spray visualization *** study the asymmetry of the fuel sprays discharged from a diesel injector,the multi-orifice nozzle is simplified as a dual-orifice nozzle in this *** with X-ray Computed Tomography(CT) imaging technology,the influences of the nozzle internal structure on the spray and flame asymmetry are studied in the constructed supercritical *** is found that the asymmetry of the inlet angle and the equivalent length-diameter ratio is positively correlated with the inconsistency of the dual *** an increase in the injection pressure and nozzle diameter,the asymmetry of the dual spray becomes more pronounced,resulting in greater disparities in the ignition delay times and ignition positions of the two ***,the increase in nozzle diameter also leads to combustion instability,resulting in a flame with a serrated *** the increase of ambient temperature,the proportion of liquid phase in the jet decreases and the relative density of spray front decreases.

关键词： atomization dual-orifice nozzle nozzle structure spray flame asymmetry

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