检索结果-南通市图书馆

Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1997年第2期10卷 214-219页

作者： ORVILLE A. LEVANDER (Nutrient Requirements and Functions laboratory, Beltsville human nutrition Research Center, U. S. Department of Agricult ure, ARS, Beltsville,Maryland 20705-235, USA) Nutrient Requirements and Functions laboratory Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center U. S. Department of Agriculture Maryland 20705-2350 USA.

In March 1996, WHO officially released an updated trace element nutrition report that presents much new information, especially regarding iodine, zinc, copper and selenium. For most minerals, both basal as well as normative requirements are given. The basal requirement refers to the intake needed to prevent clinically manifest signs of impaired function attributable to deficiency of the nutrient. The normative requirement refers to the intake needed to maintain a level of tissue storage (or index enzyme activity) judged to be desirable and *** the case of selenium, the population minimum mean intakes likely to meet basal requirements for adult males and females were 21 and 16 μg/day, respectively. These were derived from the amount needed to protect against Keshan disease plus a body weight correction factor. On the other hand, the population minimum mean intakes likely to meet normative requirements for adult males and females were 40 and 30μg/day, respectively. These were calculated from the amount needed to achieve two-thirds of the maximal plasma glutathione peroxidase activity assuming an interindividual variability of normal dietary selenium intake of 16%. Further work is needed to determine the relationship between these nutritional standards and the actual dietary intakes of selenium around the world

关键词： WHO IAEA FAO

Microbiota-host interplay at the gut epithelial level,health and nutrition

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第2期8卷 327-334页

作者： Jean-Paul Lallès Division of human nutrition Division INRA Clermont-Ferrand France human nutrition Research Center-West Nantes France

Growing evidence suggests the implication of the gut microbiota in various facets of health and disease. In this review, the focus is put on microbiota-host molecular cross-talk at the gut epithelial level with special emphasis on two defense systems： intestinal alkaline phosphatase（IAP） and inducible heat shock proteins（iHSPs）. Both IAP and iHSPs are induced by various microbial structural components（e.g. lipopolysaccharide, flagellin, CpG DNA motifs）,metabolites（e.g. n-butyrate） or secreted signal molecules（e.g., toxins, various peptides, polyphosphate）. IAP is produced in the small intestine and secreted into the lumen and in the interior milieu. It detoxifies microbial components by dephosphorylation and, therefore, down-regulates microbe-induced inflammation mainly by inhibiting NF-κB pro-inflammatory pathway in enterocytes. IAP gene expression and enzyme activity are influenced by the gut microbiota. Conversely, IAP controls gut microbiota composition both directly, and indirectly though the detoxification of pro-inflammatory free luminal adenosine triphosphate and inflammation inhibition. Inducible HSPs are expressed by gut epithelial cells in proportion to the microbial load along the gastro-intestinal tract. They are also induced by various microbial components, metabolites and secreted molecules. Whether iHSPs contribute to shape the gut microbiota is presently unknown. Both systems display strong anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties that are protective to the gut and the host. Importantly, epithelial gene expressions and protein concentrations of IAP and iHSPs can be stimulated by probiotics, prebiotics and a large variety of dietary components, including macronutrients（protein and amino acids, especially L-glutamine, fat, fiber）, and specific minerals（e.g. calcium）and vitamins（e.g. vitamins K1 and K2）. Some food components（e.g. lectins, soybean proteins, various polyphenols） may inhibit or disturb these systems. The general cel ular and molecula

关键词： Diet Gut Inducible heat shock protein Inflammation Intestinal alkaline phosphatase Microbiota

Effects of tomato juice on the pharmacokinetics of CYP3A4-substrate drugs

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2017年第5期12卷 464-469页

作者： Atsuko Ohkubo Tomomi Chida Hidetomo Kikuchi Tadashi Tsuda Katsuyoshi Sunaga laboratory of Pharmacotherapy Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Josai University

We previously demonstrated that tomato juice(TJ) contains potent mechanism-based inhibitor(s) of CYP3A4. In this study, we investigated the effects of TJ and grapefruit juice(GFJ)on the pharmacokinetics of the CYP3A4-substrate drugs, nifedipine(NFP) and midazolam(MDZ), in male Wistar rats. Oral administration of GFJ 90 min before the intraduodenal administration of NFP or MDZ increased the area under the concentration–time curves(AUCs)of NFP and MDZ by 32.4% and 89.4%, respectively. TJ increased MDZ blood concentrations and AUC after intraduodenal MDZ administration;however, it had no effect on NFP. When MDZ and NFP were intravenously administered, GFJ significantly increased the AUC of MDZ,but only slightly increased that of NFP. In contrast, TJ only slightly increased the AUC of *** results suggest that, similar to GFJ, TJ influences the pharmacokinetics of CYP3A4-substrate drugs;however, it may be a drug-dependent partial effect.

关键词： Food–drug interactions Tomato juice Grapefruit juice Nifedipine Midazolam Pharmacokinetic interactions

Abbreviated Report of the WHO Western Pacific Region Workshop on National Plans of Action for nutrition: Key Elements for Success, Constraints and Future Plans

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2001年第1期14卷 87-91页

作者： E-SIONG TEE Head Division of Human Nutrition

A workshop on National Plans of Action for nutrition: Constraints, Key Elements for Success, and Future Plans was convened and organized by the WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific in collaboration with the Institute for Medical Research Malaysia and co sponsored with FAO and UNICEF from 25—29 October 1999. It was attended by representatives of 25 countries in the region and resource persons, representatives from WHO and other international agencies. The objectives of the workshop were to review the progress of countries in developing, implementing and monitoring national plans of action for nutrition (NPANs) in the Western Pacific Region and to identify constraints and key elements of success in these efforts. Most of the countries have NPANs, either approved and implemented or awaiting official endorsement. The Plan formulation is usually multisectoral, involving several government ministries, non governmental organizations, and international agencies. Often official adoption or endorsement of the Plan comes from the head of state and cabinet or the minister of health, one to six years from the start of its formulation. The NPAN has stimulated support for the development and implementation of nutrition projects and activities, with comparatively greater involvement of and more support from government ministries, UN agencies and non-governmental agencies compared to local communities, bilateral and private sectors and research and academic institutions. Monitoring and evaluation are important components of NPANs. They are, however, not given high priority and often not built into the plan. The role of an intersectoral coordinating body is considered crucial to a country's nutrition program. Most countries have an intersectoral structure or coordinating body to ensure the proper implementation, monitoring and evaluation of their NPANs. The workshop identified the constraints and key elements of success in each of the four stages of the NPAN process: d

关键词： Workshop on National Plans of Action for nutrition Constraints and Future Plans Key Elements for Success Abbreviated Report of the WHO Western Pacific Region

Arginine: New and Exciting Developments for an“Old”Amino Acid

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1996年第2期9卷 296-315页

作者： LOUIS BEAUMIER LETICIA CASTILLO YONG-MING YU ALFRED M. AJAMI AND VERNON R. YOUNG(laboratory of human nutrition, School of Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA Shriners Burns Institute,Boston, MA, 02114 USA mass Tra laboratory of human nutrition School of Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge 02139 USA

Arginine (2-amino-5-guanidino pentanoic acid) was shown in 1895 by Hedin to be present in the proteins of horn. Metabolic nitrogen balance studies, conducted in 1957 by Rose in human adults and in 1959 by Snyderman and coworkers in young infants, revealed that a dietary source of this amino acid was not an obligatory requirement for growth and maintenance of nitrogen homeostasis in healthy individuals. Hence, It was initially classified as a non-essential (dispensable) amino acid and, perhaps, for reasons of this classification arginine did not receivc the earlier atteniion it now deserves, in relation to an understanding of the nutritional biochemistry and physiology of its metabolism in humans subjects. However, there is currently a considerable interest in the cellular and tissue functions, as well as clinical, therapeutic significance, of arginine. In this paper we review the multiple functions of arginlne, including its role in the L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway,cellular regeneration, immune function, protein synthesis and protein breakdown. We then consider some in vivo aspects of the physiology of arginine metabolism, which varies greatly among eukaryotes, with particular reference to humans. Against this background, studies of arginine in the nutrition of humans under various pathophysiological conditions are reviewed briefly. Finally, a new, updated concept for the metabolic basis for the 'conditional essentiality' of arginine is proposed

关键词： Amino Acid USA Old Arginine New and Exciting Developments for an

Xanthophyll β-cryptoxanthin treatment inhibits hepatic steatosis without altering vitamin A status inβ-carotene 9',10'-oxygenase knockout mice

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Hepatobiliary Surgery and nutrition 2022年第2期11卷 188-198页

作者： Chun Liu Bruna Paola M.Rafacho Xiang-Dong Wang nutrition and Cancer Biology laboratory JM USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts UniversityBostonMAUSA

Background:β-cryptoxanthin(BCX),one of the major carotenoids detected in human circulation,can protect against the development of fatty liver *** can be metabolized throughβ-carotene-15,15'-oxygenase(BCO1)andβ-carotene-9',10'-oxygenase(BCO2)cleavage pathways to produce both vitamin A and apo-carotenoids,respectively,which are considered important signaling molecules in a variety of biological ***,we have demonstrated that BCX treatment reduced hepatic steatosis severity and hepatic total cholesterol levels in both wide type and BCO1^(-/-)/BCO2^(-/-)double knock out(KO)*** the protective effect of BCX is seen in single BCO2^(-/-)KO mice is ***:In the present study,male BCO2^(-/-)KO mice at 1 and 5 months of age were assigned to two groups by age and weight-matching as follows:(I)-BCX control diet alone(AIN-93 purified diets);(II)+BCX 10 mg(supplemented with 10 mg of BCX/kg of diet)for 3 *** 4 and 8 months of age,hepatic steatosis and inflammatory foci were evaluated by *** and BCX concentrations in liver tissue were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Hepatic protein expressions of SIRT1,acetylated and total FoxO1,PGC1α,and PPARαwere determined by the Western blot ***-time PCR for gene expressions(MCAD,SCD1,FAS,TNFα,and IL-1βgene expression relative toβ-actin)was conducted in the ***:Steatosis was detected at 8 months but not at 4 months of ***,BCX supplementation significantly reduced the severity of steatosis in the livers of BCO2KO mice,which was associated with changes in hepatic SIRT1 acetylation of FOXO1,PGC1αprotein expression and PPARαprotein expression in BCO2^(-/-)KO *** analysis showed that hepatic BCX was detected in BCX supplemented groups,but there were no differences in the hepatic levels of retinol and retinyl palmitate(RP)among all ***:The present study provided experimental evidence that BCX intervention can r

关键词： β-cryptoxanthin(BCX) oxygenases fatty liver

Southeast Asian Perspectives on nutrition Needs for the New Millennium

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2001年第1期14卷 75-81页

作者： E-SIONG TEE Head Division of Human Nutrition Institute for Medical Research

Over the last three decades, there has been significant changes in the lifestyles of communities, including food habits, and food purchasing and consumption patterns in the Southeast Asian region. As a result, there is a definite change in the food and nutrition issues in the region. nutritional deficiencies in many of these countries are slowly being decreased in magnitude. On the other hand, the significant proportions of the population are now faced with the other facet of the malnutrition problem, namely diet related chronic diseases. However, because of the different stages of socio economic development, the extent of each of these extremes of the malnutrition problems varies considerably between the different countries in Southeast Asia. nutrition needs in the new millennium would necessarily differ somewhat among these countries while at the same time, there would be a considerable amount of similarities. This presentation highlights several macro issues that countries in the region may focus on in the near future. Various intervention programmes have been undertaken by authorities to tackle the co existence of twin faces of malnutrition in many developing countries. It would be desirable to have a blue print of such programmes and activities in the National Plans of Action for nutrition (NPANs). The NPAN should be more than a framework or a descriptive document. It should be a tool for action, an operational plan that sets out priorities; identifies projects and activities, with details of implementation such as what, how and when; designates responsibilities and accountability for the activities; identifies resource requirements and their source; and sets out the plan for monitoring and evaluation. One of the main obstacles in the formulation and effective implementation of intervention programmes in developing countries is the lack of comprehensive data on the extent of the problems in many cases and the causes of such problems specificy to the

关键词： Developing Countries Life Style nutrition Policy Public Health Asia Southeastern Data Collection humans International Cooperation nutrition Disorders nutrition Surveys nutritional Status Public Policy

Hydroxyproline alleviates 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in porcine intestinal epithelial cells

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Animal nutrition 2022年第2期9卷 7-15页

作者： Yun Ji Yu He Ying Yang Zhaolai Dai Zhenlong Wu State Key laboratory of Animal nutrition Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed ScienceChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food nutrition and human Health China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

Oxidative stress has been confirmed in relation to intestinal mucosa damage and multiple bowel *** (Hyp) is an imino acid abundant in sow's milk. Compelling evidence has beengathered showing the potential antioxidative properties of Hyp. However, the role and mechanism ofHyp in porcine intestinal epithelial cells in response to oxidative stress remains unknown. In this study,small intestinal epithelial cell lines of piglets (IPEC-1) were used to evaluate the protective effects of Hypon 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE)-induced oxidative DNA damage and apoptosis. IPEC-1 pretreated with0.5 to 5 mmol/L Hyp were exposed to 4-HNE (40 mmol/L) in the presence or absence of Hyp. Thereafter,the cells were subjected to apoptosis detection by Hoechst staining, flow cytometry, and Western blot orDNA damage analysis by comet assay, immunofluorescence, and reverse-transcription quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR). Cell apoptosis and the upregulation of cleaved-caspase-3 induced by 4-HNE (40 mmol/L) wereinhibited by 5 mmol/L of Hyp. In addition, 5 mmol/L Hyp attenuated 4-HNE-induced reactive oxygenspecies (ROS) accumulation, glutathione (GSH) deprivation and DNA damage. The elevation in transcriptionof GADD45a (growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein 45 alpha) and GADD45b(growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein 45 beta), as well as the phosphorylation of H2AX(H2A histone family, member X), p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase), and JNK (c-Jun N-terminalkinase) in cells treated with 4-HNE were alleviated by 5 mmol/L Hyp. Furthermore, Hyp supplementationincreased the protein abundance of Krüppel like factor 4 (KLF4) in cells exposed to *** of KLF4 expression by kenpaulone impeded the resistance of Hyp-treated cells to DNAdamage and apoptosis induced by 4-HNE. Collectively, our results indicated that Hyp serves to protectagainst 4-HNE-induced apoptosis and DNA damage in IPEC-1 cells, which is partially pertinent with theenhanced expression of KLF

关键词： Hydroxyproline Apoptosis DNA damage 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal Oxidative stress

Transcriptomic analysis of molecular mechanisms underlying the biodegradation of organophosphorus pesticide chlorpyrifos by Lactobacillus delbrueckii *** in skimmed milk

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Food Science and human Wellness 2024年第5期13卷 3018-3030页

作者： Yue Yang Wenxia Zhou Lingyu Yang Yilun Chen Dongxiao Sun-Waterhouse Dapeng Li Key laboratory of Food nutrition and human Health in Universities of Shandong College of Food Science and EngineeringShandong Agricultural UniversityTai’an 271018China

Bioremediation of organophosphorus pesticides in contaminated foodstuffs using probiotics has been increasingly under the spotlight in recent years,though the biodegradation mechanism and derived intermediate products remain *** study aimed to help fill this knowledge gap and examined the degradation mechanism of organophosphorus pesticide,chlorpyrifos,in milk by Lactobacillus delbrueckii *** using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(GC-MS/MS)combined with transcriptome *** the strain was cultured for 20 h in the presence of chlorpyrifos,differential expressions of 383 genes were detected,including genes probably implicated during chlorpyrifos degradation such as those related to hydrolase,phosphoesterase,diphosphatase,oxidoreductase,dehydratase,as well as membrane ***-MS/MS analysis revealed the changes of secondary metabolites in *** during milk fermentation due to chlorpyrifos stress.6-Methylhexahydro-2H-azepin-2-one,2,6-dihydroxypyridine and methyl 2-aminooxy-4-methylpentanoate as intermediates,along with the proposed pathways,might be involved in chlorpyrifos biodegradation by ***.

关键词： Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp.bulgaricus Biodegradation Chlorpyrifos Transcriptomics Metabolome

Liquid Chromatographic Assay of Peptides Activity with Inhibiting Angiotensin Converting Enzyme

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2010年第5期26卷 712-716页

作者： LIU Jing-bo YU Zhi-peng ZHAO Wen-zhu LU Jing CHEN Feng LIN Song-yi laboratory of nutrition and Functional Food Jilin University Changehun 130062 P. R. China Department of Food Science and human nutrition Clemson University Clemson SC 29634 USA

A rapid, simple and interference-free method was developed to evaluate the inhibitory activity of hydrolyzed peptides from egg white protein against the angiotensin-converting enzyme. The total reaction volume was 60 μL, saving the cost. The assay was based on a HPLC separation and quantification of the synthetic substrate hippuryl-L-histidyl-L-leucine and its hydrolyzed product-hippuric acid; the separation was performed on a C18 column eluted by a mobile phase of acetonitrile/water（0.5% TFA） at a volume ratio of 25：75. At a signal to noise ratio（S/N） of 10, the detective limit of the quantitation of hippuric acid was （0.4600±0.0097） μmol/L. The standard curve shows a linear response with a slope of 49488 and a correlation coefficient of 0.9995. The assay was adequate for the study of ACE inhibition by Captopril and peptides derived from food protein, and showed a very good correlation with the previous methods.

关键词： Angiotensin converting enzyme HPLC Egg white protein Peptide