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Elusive workers are more likely to differentiate into replacement reproductives than aggressive workers in a lower termite

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Current Zoology 2023年第3期69卷 332-338页

作者： Zhuang-Dong Bai Chong-Yang Shi David Sillam-Dusses Rui-Wu Wang School of Ecology and Environment Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710072China Laboratory of Experimental and Comparative Ethology LEECUR 4443University Sorbonne Paris NordVilletaneuseFrance

One of the most intriguing questions in eusocial insects is to understand how the overt reproductive conflict in the colony appears limited when queens or kings are senescent or lost because the morphologically similar individuals in the colony are reproductively totipotent.Whether there are some individuals who preferentially differentiate into replacement reproductives or not has received little attention.The consistent individual behavioral differences(also termed“animal personality”)of individuals from the colony can shape cunningly their task and consequently affect the colony fitness but have been rarely investigated in eusocial insects.Here,we used the termite Reticulitermes labralis to investigate if variations in individual personalities(elusiveness and aggressiveness)may predict which individuals will perform reproductive differentiation within colonies.We observed that when we separately reared elusive and aggressive workers,elusive workers differentiate into reproductives significantly earlier than aggressive workers.When we reared them together in the proportions 12:3,10:5,and 8:7(aggressive workers:elusive workers),the first reproductives mostly differentiated from the elusive workers,and the reproductives differentiated from the elusive workers significantly earlier than from aggressive workers.Furthermore,we found that the number of workers participating in reproductive differentiation was significantly lower in the groups of both types of workers than in groups containing only elusive workers.Our results demonstrate that the elusiveness trait was a strong predictor of workers’differentiation into replacement reproductives in R.labralis.Moreover,our results suggest that individual personalities within the insect society could play a key role in resolving the overt reproductive conflict.

关键词： consistent individual behavioral differences reproductive conflict reproductive differentiation,Reticulitermes labralis termite

Effect of conspecific and heterospecific urine odors on the foraging behavior of the golden spiny mouse

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Integrative Zoology 2013年第1期8卷 1-8页

作者： Claude BAUDOIN Abraham HAIM Jean-Luc DURAND experimental and comparative ethology University of Paris 13VilletaneuseFrance Israeli Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Chronobiology University of HaifaHaifaIsrael

The common spiny mouse(Acomys cahirinus)inhibits the foraging activity of the golden spiny mouse(A.russatus).These two sympatric species of spiny mice,which are considered habitat competitors,occur in extreme arid environments.To test this theory of competition,the influence of urinary odors of both conspecific and heterospecific mice on the foraging behavior of A.russatus was studied under controlled laboratory conditions.Twenty adult males,born in captivity and unfamiliar to the odors of the donor mice,were tested in 3 experimental conditions choosing between 2 seed patches that were scented with urine of either heterospecifics(A.cahirinus),conspecifics(A.russatus)or controls(odors of the tested individual).Of the 20 males,12 were also tested with urine of unfamiliar gerbils,bushy-tailed jird,considered as competitors in the field.Both conspecific and heterospecific urine samples from Acomys significantly reduced foraging behavior of A.russatus when compared to the control odor.The inhibitory effect of the Acomys urine does not result from the novelty of chemical stimuli of the urine because no effect was shown with unfamiliar gerbil urine.The findings are in accordance with the general theory that A.cahirinus dominates the foraging activity of A.russatus.We hypothesize that chemical cues in the urine of Acomys spp.might induce a negative effect on the foraging behavior of A.russatus.

关键词： Acomys spp. foraging behavior golden spiny mouse Sekeetamys calurus urine odors

男性的睾酮水平抑制雌鹦鹉产卵繁殖的实验：在虎皮鹦鹉

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Current Zoology 2015年第4期61卷 586-595页

作者： Stefanie E. R LAHAYE Marcel EENS Veerle M. DARRAS Rianne PINXTEN University of Antwerp Research Group Ethology Antwerp Belgium KU Leuven Laboratory of Comparative Endocrinology B-3000 Louvain Belgium

在一些鸣禽物种的研究表明，雄激素类固醇激素治疗的女性testoste -酮（T）会影响女性的生殖行为和繁殖成功。作为对女性的影响似乎是种属特异性，目前还不清楚是否高T类似的效应发生在非鸣禽物种。在这里，我们研究了T对虎皮鹦鹉，雌... 详细信息

在一些鸣禽物种的研究表明，雄激素类固醇激素治疗的女性testoste -酮（T）会影响女性的生殖行为和繁殖成功。作为对女性的影响似乎是种属特异性，目前还不清楚是否高T类似的效应发生在非鸣禽物种。在这里，我们研究了T对虎皮鹦鹉，雌性的生殖行为和产卵的影响虎皮鹦鹉，小鹦鹉物种与一夫一妻制父母行为的明显的性别差异。我们的实验增加T浓度男性喜欢T-治疗的女性相比对照组水平，我们允许女性繁殖。我们没有发现显著的治疗效果在延迟进入巢箱但治疗显著干扰产卵。我们的研究结果表明，T-治疗的女性的七倍，不可能产生一个离合器的女性比控制。我们发现，T处理对产卵有很强的抑制作用，我们的研究结果表明，雌鹦鹉患有男性喜欢血浆T水平的健身费用。因此，它是可能的，也是非鸣禽物种，在男性的睾酮水平更高的选择是通过选择相关的响应对健身成本而言，再现女性的约束。评估是否的确是这种情况需要进一步的工作，结合不同的方法对男性和女性的睾酮水平61 [现有生态演化的研究（4）：586-595，2015 ]。

关键词：虎皮鹦鹉男性产卵睾酮繁殖实验水激素治疗

Stem cell therapy for Alzheimer’s disease:An overview of experimental models and reality

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Animal Models and experimental Medicine 2022年第1期5卷 15-26页

作者： Chuan Qin Kewei Wang Ling Zhang Lin Bai Institute of laboratory Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(CAMS)Comparative Medicine CenterPeking Union Medical College(PUMC)NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative MedicineKey Laboratory of Human Diseases Animal ModelBeijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases BeijingBeijingChina

Alzheimer's disease(AD)is a neurodegenerative disorder.The pathology of AD is characterized by extracellular amyloid beta(Aβ)plaques,neurofibrillary tangles com-posed of hyperphosphorylated tau,neuronal death,synapse loss,and brain atrophy.Many therapies have been tested to improve or at least effectively modify the course of AD.Meaningful data indicate that the transplantation of stem cells can alleviate neuropathology and significantly ameliorate cognitive deficits in animal models with Alzheimer's disease.Transplanted stem cells have shown their inherent advantages in improving cognitive impairment and memory dysfunction,although certain weak-nesses or limitations need to be overcome.This review recapitulates rodent models for AD,the therapeutic efficacy of stem cells,influencing factors,and the underlying mechanisms behind these changes.Stem cell therapy provides perspective and chal-lenges for its clinical application in the future.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease animal model cognitive deficits memory loss stem cell therapy

Autophagy and autophagy-related molecules in neurodegenerative diseases

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Animal Models and experimental Medicine 2023年第1期6卷 10-17页

作者： Changsong Dou Yu Zhang Ling Zhang Chuan Qin NHC Key laboratory of Human Disease comparative Medicine Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Animal ModelInstitute of Laboratory Animal SciencesComparative Medicine CenterPeking Union Medical College(PUMC)Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(CAMS)BeijingChina Beijing Engineering Research Center for experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases Beijing Comparative Medicine CenterPeking Union Medical College(PUMC)Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(CAMS)BeijingChina

Autophagy is one of the degradation pathways to remove proteins or damaged or-ganelles in cells that plays an important role in neuroprotection.Different stages of autophagy are regulated by autophagy-related genes,and many molecules such as transcription factor EB(TFEB)are involved.The complete autophagy process plays an important role in maintaining the dynamic balance of autophagy and is crucial to the homeostasis of intracellular substance and energy metabolism.Autophagy balance is disrupted in neurodegenerative diseases,accounting for a variety of degeneration dis-orders.These impairments can be alleviated or treated by the regulation of autophagy through molecules such as TFEB.

关键词： autophagy mitophagy neurodegenerative TFEB

Brain GABA and glutamate levels in workers of two ant species （Hymenoptera： Formicidae）： Interspecific differences and effects of queen presence/absence

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Insect Science 2014年第5期21卷 647-658页

作者： Andrzej Wnuk Wojciech Kostowski Julita Korczynska Anna Szczuka Beata Symonowicz Przemyslaw Bienkowski Pawel Mierzejewski Ewa Joanna Godzinska laboratory of ethology Department of Neurophysiology Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS Warsaw Department of Pharmacology and Physiology of the Nervous System Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology Warsaw Poland

Presence of amino acid neurotransmitters gamma-aminobutyric acid （GABA） and glutamate （Glu） in ant brains was reported in very few studies. To learn more about factors influencing GABA and Glu levels in ant brains, we applied high-performance liquid chromatography to measure levels of these compounds in single brains of workers of 2 ant species, Myrmica ruginodis （subfamily Myrmicinae） and Formica polyctena （subfamily Formicinae） taken from queenright/queenless colony fragments and tested in dyadic aggression tests consisting of an encounter with a nestrnate, an alien conspecific or a small cricket. Brain glutamate levels were higher than those of GABA in both tested species. Brain GABA levels （in μmol/brain） and GABA ： Glu ratio were higher in M. ruginodis （a submissive species） than in E polyctena （a dominant, aggressive species） in spite of smaller brain weight of M. ruginodis. Brain glutamate levels （in μmol/brain） did not differ between the tested species, which implies that glutamate concentration （in μmol/mg of brain tissue） was higher in M. ruginodis. Queen absence was associated with increased worker brain GABA levels in E polyctena, but not in M. ruginodis. No significant effects of opponent type were discovered. As GABA agonists enhance friendly social behavior in rodents, we hypothesize that elevated brain GABA levels of orphaned workers of F.polyctena facilitate the adoption of a new queen. This is the first report providing information on GABA and glutamate levels in single ant brains and documenting the effects of queen presence/absence on brain levels of amino acid neurotransmitters in workers of social Hymenoptera.

关键词： Formica polyctena GABA glutamate interspecific differences Myrmica ruginodis queen

Is China ready for monkeypox?

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Animal Models and experimental Medicine 2022年第4期5卷 397-398页

作者： Qiang Wei Institute of laboratory Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine CenterPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina NHC Key laboratory of Human Disease comparative Medicine Beijing Engineering Research Center for experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases

Monkeypox is a rare viral infection caused by the monkeypox virus,which is similar to human smallpox.It is also a zoonosis which is found mainly in tropical rain forests of central and western Africa.The monkeypox virus was first detected in grivet at a laboratory in Copenhagen,Denmark,in 1958,and was later found in many African rodents,such as murine and squirrels.Therefore,it is believed that the primary way of infection is through direct human contact with these infected animals.In May 2003,human monkeypox appeared in the Western Hemisphere in the United States and spreaded rapidly,which immediately attracted the attention of all countries.

关键词： infection monkey Africa

Are dogs good at spotting movement?Velocity thresholds of motion detection in Canis familiaris

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Current Zoology 2020年第6期66卷 699-701页

作者： Miina Looke Orsolya Kanizsar Luca Battaglini Cecile Guerineau Paolo Mongillo Lieta Marinelli laboratory of Applied ethology Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food ScienceUniversity of PaduaViale delPUniversita 16Legnaro(PD)30202Italy Department of General Psychology University of PaduaVia Venezia 8Padua35131Italy

The ability to perceive motion is a fundamental property of the visual system,and one of its most basic aspects is the ability to discriminate moving objects from motionless ones,for example,motion detection.Velocity thresholds represent the minimum rate of displacement over time unit that an animal is able to perceive as movement,any slower motion being not discriminable from a still object.Although such topic has grabbed the attention of scientists already at the beginning of the 20th century,the interest has waned in time,and velocity thresholds have thus far been assessed in only a handful of species.

关键词： Dogs methods of limits motion velocity threshold vision

Novel spontaneous myelodysplastic syndrome mouse model

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Animal Models and experimental Medicine 2021年第2期4卷 169-180,I0002页

作者： Weisha Li Lin Cao Mengyuan Li Xingjiu Yang Wenlong Zhang Zhiqi Song Xinpei Wang Lingyan Zhang Grant Morahan Chuan Qin Ran Gao NHC Key laboratory of Human Disease comparative Medicine Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesInstitute of Laboratory Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences(CAMS)and Comparative Medicine CenterPeking Union Medical College(PUMC)BeijingChina

Background:Myelodysplastic syndrome(MDS)is a group of disorders involving he-mopoietic dysfunction leading to leukemia.Although recently progress has been made in identifying underlying genetic mutations,many questions still remain.Animal models of MDS have been produced by introduction of specific mutations.However,there is no spontaneous mouse model of MDS,and an animal model to simulate natu-ral MDS pathogenesis is urgently needed.Methods:In characterizing the genetically diverse mouse strains of the Collaborative Cross(CC)we observed that one,designated JUN,had abnormal hematological traits.This strain was thus further analyzed for phenotypic and pathological iden-tification,comparing the changes in each cell population in peripheral blood and in bone marrow.Results:In a specific-pathogen free environment,mice of the JUN strain are rela-tively thin,with healthy appearance.However,in a conventional environment,they become lethargic,develop wrinkled yellow hair,have loose and light stools,and are prone to infections.We found that the mice were cytopenic,which was due to abnor-mal differentiation of multipotent bone marrow progenitor cells.These are common characteristics of MDS.Conclusions:A mouse strain,JUN,was found displaying spontaneous myelodysplas-tic syndrome.This strain has the advantage over existing models in that it develops MDS spontaneously and is more similar to human MDS than genetically modified mouse models.JUN mice will be an important tool for pathogenesis research of MDS and for evaluation of new drugs and treatments.

关键词： myelodysplastic syndrome(MDS) spontaneous mouse model The Collaborative Cross Mice