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Mineral fibres and environmental monitoring:A comparison of different analytical strategies in New Caledonia

Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第1期11卷 189-202页

作者： Jasmine Rita Petriglieri Christine Laporte-Magoni Peggy Gunkel-Grillon Mario Tribaudino Danilo Bersani Orietta Sala Monika Le Mestre Ruggero Vigliaturo Nicola Bursi Gandolfi Emma Salvioli-Mariani Institute of Exact and Applied Sciences Universitéde la Nouvelle CalédonieCampus de NouvilleBP R498851Nouméa CedexNew CaledoniaFrance Department of Chemistry Life Sciences and Environmental SustainabilityUniversity of ParmaParco Area delle Scienze 157/AI-43124 ParmaItaly Department of Mathematical Physical and Computer SciencesUniversity of ParmaParco Area delle Scienze 7/AI-43124 ParmaItaly Arpae Emilia Romagna Sezione Provinciale di Reggio EmiliaCentro Regionale AmiantoVia Amendola 2I-42122Reggio EmiliaItaly Department of earth and environmental Science University of Pennsylvania240 S.33rd StreetHayden HallPhiladelphiaPA 19104-6316USA Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaVia Università4I-41125ModenaItaly

Covered by ultrabasic units for more than a third of its surface,the New Caledonia(South West Pacific)is one of the largest world producers of Ni-ore from lateritic *** all outcrops of geological units and open mines contain serpentine and amphibole,also as asbestos *** this geological context,in which weathering processes had a great contribution in the production and dispersion of mineral fibres into the environment,the development of a routinely analytical strategy,able to discriminate an asbestiform fibre from a non-harmful particle,is a pivotal ***,the acquisition of all these parameters is necessary for determining the risk associated to fibres exposition.A multidisciplinary routinely approach,based on the use of complementary simply-to-use but reliable analytical methods is the only possible *** addition,the instrumental apparatus must be easily transportable on the field,directly on the mining *** employment of specialized tools such as Polarized Light Microscopy associated to Dispersion Staining method(PLM/DS)and portable Raman spectroscopy for identification of environmental asbestos,are proved extremely effective in the improvement of the performance and rapidity of data acquisition and *** PLM/DS and handheld Raman devices confirmed to be discriminant in the detection and characterization of asbestos fibres for both serpentine and ***,these techniques proved extremely effective even in the presence of strongly fibrous and altered samples.

关键词： Asbestos Fibrous antigorite In situ monitoring Dispersion staining Portable Raman New Caledonia

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Development and future prospects of quantitative mineral assessment in China

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China Geology 2019年第2期2卷 198-210页

作者： Shi-hong Zhang Ke-yan Xiao Jian-ping Chen Jie Xiang Ning Cui Xiao-nan Wang MLR Key laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment Institute of Mineral ResourcesChinese Academy of Geological SciencesChina Geological SurveyMinistry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100037China China University of Geosciences(Beijing) Beijing 100083China Development Research Center China Geological SurveyMinistry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100037China Sichuan Energy Industry Investment Group Co. LtdChengdu 610011China

Mineral potential assessment at the earth’s surface has been an important research for geoscientists around the world in the past five decades. The fundamental aspects of mineral assessment at different scales can be associated with the following tasks, e.g., mineral potential mapping and estimation of mineral resources. This paper summarized the history and development in terms of theories, methods technologies and software platforms for quantitative assessment of mineral resources in China, e.g. comprehensive information methodology, geological anomaly, three-component quantitative prediction method, 5P orefinding area, integrated information assessment method, nonlinear process modeling and fractals, three dimensional mineral potential mapping, etc. At last, to discuss the future of quantitative mineral assessment in an era of big data including platform for 3D visualization, analysis and sharing, new methods and protocols for data cleaning, information enhancement, information integration, and uncertainties and multiple explanations of multi-information.

关键词： Quantitative mineral assessment Synthesis information Fractals Big data 3D Geological modeling Machine learning

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Effects of rare earth modifying inclusions on the pitting corrosion of 13Cr4Ni martensitic stainless steel

Effects of rare earth modifying inclusions on the pitting co...

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第十一届全国腐蚀与防护大会

作者：王长罡 Rongyao Ma Yangtao Zhou Yang Liu Enobong Felix Daniel Xiaofang Li Pei Wang Junhua Dong Wei Ke Shenyang National laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences environmental Corrosion Centre of Materials Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences

In this study,the pitting corrosion behavior of 13Cr4Ni martensitic stainless steel (BASE) and that modified with rare earth (REM) in 0.1 mol/L NaCl solution were *** such as automatic secondary electron microscope (ASPEX PSEM detector),scanning electron microscope(SEM),transmission electron microscope (TEM),scanning Kelvin probe force microscope (SKP),potentiodynamic and potentiostatic polarizations were *** results obtained indicates that BASE steel contains AlO/MnS,AlO and MnS inclusions,while REM steels contain (La,Ce,Cr,Fe)-O and (La,Ce,Cr,Fe)-O-S *** with BASE steel,REM steel is more susceptible to induce the metastable pitting nucleation and repassivation,whereas it restrains the transition from metastable pitting to stable *** 0.021%rare earth element to BASE steel can reduce the number and area of inclusions,while that of 0.058%can increase the number and enlarged the size of inclusions,which is also the reason that pitting corrosion resistance of 58REM steel is slightly lower than that of 21REM *** the process of pitting corrosion induced by AlO/MnS inclusions,MnS is preferentially anodic dissolved,and also the matrix contacted with AlO is subsequently anodic *** REM steels,anodic dissolution preferentially occurs at the boundary between inclusions and matrix,while (La,Ce,Cr,Fe)-O inclusions chemically dissolve in local acidic environment or are separated from steel *** chemically dissolved substance(Laand Ce) of (La,Ce,Cr,Fe)-O inclusions are concentrated in pitting pits,which inhibits its continuous growth.

关键词： 13Cr4Ni martensitic stainless steel Rare earth modifying inclusion Al2O3/MnS inclusion Metastable pitting corrosion Stable pitting corrosion

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中国蛇绿岩型铬铁矿的研究进展及思考

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高校地质学报 2014年第1期20卷 9-27页

作者：胡振兴牛耀龄刘益张国瑞孙文礼马玉鑫兰州大学地质科学与矿产资源学院兰州730000 Department of earth Sciences Durham UniversityDurham DH1 3LEUK 中国科学院海洋研究所青岛266071 中国地质大学地球科学与资源学院北京100083

中国广泛分布有不同时期的蛇绿岩。相对于全球一些大型蛇绿岩铬铁矿床(如Kempirsai,Bulquiza,Guleman等),我国同期蛇绿岩中赋存的铬铁矿床规模都较小(如萨尔托海,东巧,罗布莎等)。近年来的研究认识到绝大多数成矿的蛇绿岩都形成于俯冲... 详细信息

中国广泛分布有不同时期的蛇绿岩。相对于全球一些大型蛇绿岩铬铁矿床(如Kempirsai,Bulquiza,Guleman等),我国同期蛇绿岩中赋存的铬铁矿床规模都较小(如萨尔托海,东巧,罗布莎等)。近年来的研究认识到绝大多数成矿的蛇绿岩都形成于俯冲带上覆岩石圈。熔-岩反应是目前用来解释豆荚状铬铁矿成因的流行假说,但仍然不能解释铬元素的有效富集过程——即铬铁矿矿床的形成过程。高铬含量是岛弧玄武岩原始岩浆的特征,但与成矿要求的铬含量相差甚远;岛弧原始玄武岩浆结晶出富铬尖晶石,有利于成矿,但这个岩浆演化和相平衡过程仍然难以造就具有工业意义的矿体、矿床。那么存在形成富铬熔体的机制吗?又如何运移这些富铬熔体并集中结晶成矿?这些仍然是豆荚状铬铁矿成因的关键问题,有待于进一步思考研究。

关键词：蛇绿岩豆荚状铬铁矿熔-岩反应水铬尖晶石

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大浪滩盐湖蒸发盐嗜盐菌培养鉴定及其天体生物学意义

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地质学报 2010年第11期84卷 1661-1667页

作者：孔凡晶马妮娜 Alian Wang Jan Amend 中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所盐湖中心北京100037 国土资源部盐湖资源与环境重点实验室北京100037 Dept. earth and Planetary Sciences and McDonnell Center {or Space Sciences Washington University St. Louis MO 63130 USA

通过火星遥感及火星登陆测量都发现了火星上存在大量的含水硫酸盐,这些盐类的状态和演化也见证了近代火星表面环境条件的变化。大浪滩盐湖是柴达木盆地第二大盐湖,也是中国最为干旱的地区之一,而且大浪滩盐湖分布有与火星类似的硫酸盐... 详细信息

通过火星遥感及火星登陆测量都发现了火星上存在大量的含水硫酸盐,这些盐类的状态和演化也见证了近代火星表面环境条件的变化。大浪滩盐湖是柴达木盆地第二大盐湖,也是中国最为干旱的地区之一,而且大浪滩盐湖分布有与火星类似的硫酸盐盐类沉积。我们采集了蒸发盐表层盐壳,盐湖结晶盐以及剖面沉积盐类等样品,进行室内分离、培养及鉴定嗜盐菌研究。结果表明,大浪滩盐结晶及盐类沉积中分布有不同类型的嗜盐菌,主要类型为Virgibacillus,Oceanobacillus,Halobacillus,和Terribacillus等。大浪滩盐湖蒸发盐中内生嗜盐菌的分离鉴定,为探索火星高盐环境中生命存在的形式和机制提供一种类比模式。

关键词：盐湖嗜盐菌火星盐类天体生物学类比研究

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Leaching Kinetics of As, Mo, and Se from Acidic Coal Fly Ash Samples

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2017年第8期9卷 890-907页

作者： Ghanashyam Neupane Rona J. Donahoe Siddhartha Bhattacharyya Prakash Dhakal Idaho National laboratory Idaho Falls Idaho USA Center for Advanced Energy Studies Idaho Falls Idaho USA Department of Geological Sciences University of Alabama Tuscaloosa Alabama USA Department of Soil Water and Environmental Sciences University of Arizona Tucson Arizona USA

Annually, coal-fired electric power plants produce large volumes of potentially hazardous coal combustion products (CCPs) including fly ash. Since majority of the coal fly ash and other CCPs deposited in dry land fills or wet lagoons, they pose risk of contamination to local environment. In this study, we present results of leaching kinetics for As, Mo, and Se from three acidic fly ash samples collected from coal-fired power plants in the southeastern United States. This study shows that the leachate concentrations of As, Mo, and Se increase over time. Three kinetics equations, pseudo-second order, Elovich, and power-function, are able to adequately describe the experimental leaching kinetics data. Experimental leaching data and modeling results indicate that the rate limiting leaching of As, Mo, and Se is controlled by the diffusional process responsible for transferring these elements from interior to the surface of the particles as well as the dissolution of the fly ash particles. Therefore, it is important to adopt effective containment/treatment schemes to avoid potential and persistent dispersion of trace elements from ash disposal facilities to surrounding environment for a long time.

关键词： Coal Fly Ash Arsenic Molybdenum Selenium Kinetics Leaching

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俄罗斯远东林区林火过程数值分类研究

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资源科学 2007年第5期29卷 190-194页

作者：陈文波刘闯 Tomoko DOKO 王正兴 International Institute for Geo-Information Science and earth Observation(ITC) The Netherlands7500 AA 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所北京100101 北京师范大学资源学院世界资源研究所北京100875 Keio University Graduate School of Media and Governance5322 Endoh Fujisawa Kanagawa 252-8520 Japan

MODIS数据在当今的森林火灾监测中得到了广泛的应用,其用途大多是用来监测林火和研究林火对大气环境所产生的影响等等。而森林火灾在其燃烧的过程中是有着不同的类别,如暗火、明火、过火、火烧迹地等,不同的林火类别在其亮温上的表现是... 详细信息

MODIS数据在当今的森林火灾监测中得到了广泛的应用,其用途大多是用来监测林火和研究林火对大气环境所产生的影响等等。而森林火灾在其燃烧的过程中是有着不同的类别,如暗火、明火、过火、火烧迹地等,不同的林火类别在其亮温上的表现是不同的。但是仅凭借亮温是不能够准确的识别林火燃烧过程的类别,还需要有植被信息来加以判读。本文对林火燃烧的过程分了五类,即明火、暗火、过火、火烧迹地和非燃地区,选取了俄罗斯远东地区的林区,利用MODIS数据的CH21和CH31热红外波段,对林火在燃烧过程中亮温数值的变化进行研究,并与植被指数和多时相数据相结合进行综合分析,最后采用监督分类和决策树分类方法进行解译分类,以便更好的辨别森林火灾在燃烧过程中的不同阶段,使其能够快速、有效的对森林火灾进行监测和控制。

关键词： MODIS 森林火灾亮温植被指数

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淮河流域水文非线性多水源时变增益模型研究与应用

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水文 2015年第3期35卷 14-19页

作者：万蕙夏军张利平宋霁云佘敦先武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室湖北武汉430072 水资源安全保障湖北省协同创新中心湖北武汉430072 School of Sustainable Engineering and Built environment Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287USA

基于传统时变增益模型(TVGM),进一步考虑地下径流退水,在传统TVGM只考虑单一地表水源的基础上,添加地下水源模块,对地表地下径流分别进行产、汇流计算,改进并提出了多水源TVGM,并将其应用于淮河流域蚌埠闸以上13个水文站控制的代表性子... 详细信息

基于传统时变增益模型(TVGM),进一步考虑地下径流退水,在传统TVGM只考虑单一地表水源的基础上,添加地下水源模块,对地表地下径流分别进行产、汇流计算,改进并提出了多水源TVGM,并将其应用于淮河流域蚌埠闸以上13个水文站控制的代表性子流域。结果表明:多水源TVGM既继承了传统TVGM以简单结构描述复杂水文非线性系统关系的优点,同时通过增加地下水源模块,大大提高了洪水预报的精度。13个子流域参数率定期和模型验证期中,传统TVGM分别有9个和7个子流域达到乙级洪水预报标准,而多水源TVGM分别提高到12个和8个,其中以大型流域和大水年改进效果尤佳。传统TVGM水量平衡系数为0.88,多水源TVGM提高到0.95,平均提高了7%。洪峰模拟相对误差也由传统TVGM的50%达标率提高到多水源TVGM的92.3%,整体提高了42.3%。因此,多水源TVGM能更好的应用于淮河流域洪水预报工作。

关键词：淮河流域水文非线性时变增益模型多水源洪水预报

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冻融过程中抗生素环丙沙星的冰-水分布规律

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海洋环境科学 2024年第6期43卷 919-926页

作者：葛林科李璇艳魏文斌罗丽婷张蓬张会强贾佳周弛陕西省环境监测中心站陕西省环境介质痕量污染物监测预警重点实验室陕西西安710054 陕西科技大学环境科学与工程学院陕西西安710021 Lancaster environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancaster LA14YQUnited Kingdom

抗生素由于广泛生产、使用和排放,持续输入水环境中,并作为新污染物在表层水体中被频繁检出。水体的季节性冻融是中、高纬度地区普遍存在的自然现象,目前已在结冰的河流、水库中发现抗生素的存在。为揭示结冰水体中抗生素环丙沙星(cipro... 详细信息

抗生素由于广泛生产、使用和排放,持续输入水环境中,并作为新污染物在表层水体中被频繁检出。水体的季节性冻融是中、高纬度地区普遍存在的自然现象,目前已在结冰的河流、水库中发现抗生素的存在。为揭示结冰水体中抗生素环丙沙星(ciprofloxacin,CIP)的冰-水分布规律,本研究模拟了静态水体自上而下的冻结过程,发现CIP会在冰、水两相间进行再分配,由于冷冻浓缩效应,仅有少量CIP被捕获在冰体中,而大部分会从冰中排出并迁移至冰下水,使得CIP呈现出明显的冰-水分布规律。CIP初始浓度、环境温度、冻结时间和盐度通过影响冰生长速率、溶质扩散速率和冰体结构,从而改变CIP在冰-水体系中的分布,其中盐度的增加会阻碍CIP向冰下水体迁移。融冰过程中,在外界热量的作用下,冰体紧密的结构被破坏,冰裂隙增大使CIP出现早期洗脱现象。综上所述,CIP的冰-水分布规律受环境因素影响较大,冰下水中浓度明显高于冰中,冰融化时CIP会优先释放。本研究结果有助于理解寒冷地区结冰水体中抗生素类新污染物的分布和迁移,为准确评价冰下水中污染物的风险提供依据。

关键词：新污染物抗生素环丙沙星冰-水体系分布

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Improved Modelling of Soil Loss in El Badalah Basin: Comparing the Performance of the Universal Soil Loss Equation, Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation and Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation Models by Using the Magnetic and Gravimetric Prospection Outcomes

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Journal of Geoscience and environment Protection 2021年第4期9卷 50-73页

作者： Naima Azaiez King Khalid University Faculty of Human Sciences Abha Saudi Arabia Preparatory Institute for Literary Studies and Human Sciences of Tunis I (IPELSHT) Tunis Tunisia Research laboratory: “Biogeography Applied Climatology and Environmental Dynamics” (BICADE) Faculty of Arts and Humanities of Manouba Tunis Tunisia

Water erosion is a natural fact in the cycle of shaping the earth’s landforms and the most evident form of land degradation on a planetary scale (Roose & De Noni, 2004; Dautrebande & Sohier, 2006; Toumi et al., 2013; Azaiez, 2020a). Its effects have largely affected the rural landscape. Although it is the result of an ancient and primeval climatic and tectonic forcing, man’s footprint in its intensification remains a reality. A real awareness of this problem on the part of scientists is reflected in the many studies on understanding the risks. Experiments have been carried out, equations and models have been developed with the aim of preserving the soil. The watershed of wadi El Badalah, the subject of this study, is not excluded from this risk. The present research is a new comparative contribution to the quantification of soil loss based on four empirical models (Universal Soil Loss Equation USLE, Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation RUSLE, Modified Univer

关键词： Adjustment process Magnetic and Gravimetric Prospection Soil Loss USLE RUSLE and MUSLE Models

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