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Effects of grazing and precipitation variability on vegetation dynamics in a Mongolian dry steppe

Journal of plant ecology 2016年第5期9卷 508-519页

作者： Tserenpurev Bat-Oyun Masato Shinoda Yunxiang Cheng Yadamjav Purevdorj Arid Land Research Center Tottori UniversityHamasakaTottori 680-0001Japan Information and Research Institute of Meteorology Hydrology and EnvironmentUlaanbaatar 15160Mongolia Graduate School of Environmental Studies Nagoya UniversityFuro-choChikusa-kuNagoya 464-8601Japan College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730020China department of Food Science and Human Wellness Rakuno Gakuen UniversityEbetsuHokkaido 069-8501Japan

Aims Grazing and water availability are the primary drivers of vegetation dynamics in grazing-dominated regions of Mongolia with a semi-arid climate and frequent *** animal husbandry still plays a large part in the economy of Mongolia,but more variable precipitation regime and increase in livestock number have severely affected grassland ecosystems through overgrazing,leading to pasture *** study aimed to examine the effects of grazing exclusion,interannual variation of plant-available precipitation(PAP)and their interaction on the aboveground biomass(AGB)of each dominant species,the AGB of annual species and the total AGB in a Mongolian dry steppe,using long-term field *** To detect the effect of grazing on vegetation dynamics,vegetation surveys were conducted in a non-grazed exclosure zone and a fully grazed area outside the *** assessed the effects of grazing,PAP and their interaction on AGB parameters using a generalized linear model.A detrended correspondence analysis(DCA)was used to visualize the effects of grazing and PAP on the AGB of each *** Findings Grazing,PAP and their interaction had significant effects on *** effect of grazing on AGB was larger with higher precipitation and higher amounts of AGB(***)while AGB was strongly limited in drought years,which resulted in a smaller grazing *** current year PAP had the highest impact(r=0.88,P<0.01)on *** dominance of annual species was characterized by the amount of PAP in the current and preceding years:annuals dominated in wet years that followed consecutive dry *** DCA Axis 1 reflected the variation of AGB with interannual variation of PAP while the DCA Axis 2 differentiated the grazing *** DCA scatter diagram based on species score illustrated that Artemisia adamsii(an unpalatable herb)was clearly linked to grazing disturbance whereas palatable perennials such as Agropyron cristatum,Stipa krylovii and Cleistogenes

关键词： aboveground biomass annual species drought grazing plant-available precipitation

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根际激发效应的发生机制及其生态重要性

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植物生态学报 2014年第1期38卷 62-75页

作者：孙悦徐兴良 Yakov KUZYAKOV 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室北京100101 中国科学院大学北京100049 department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems University of Gottingen 37077 Gottingen Germany department of Agriculture Soil Science University of Gottingen 37077 Got-tingen Germany

土壤激发效应是指由各种有机物质添加等处理所引起的土壤有机质周转强烈的短期改变。根际是激发效应最主要也是最重要的发生部位。根际激发效应能够反映生态系统土壤碳氮周转的速度,并影响植物、土壤微生物等对养分的获取和竞争,维持生... 详细信息

土壤激发效应是指由各种有机物质添加等处理所引起的土壤有机质周转强烈的短期改变。根际是激发效应最主要也是最重要的发生部位。根际激发效应能够反映生态系统土壤碳氮周转的速度,并影响植物、土壤微生物等对养分的获取和竞争,维持生态系统各组分间的养分平衡。虽然对根际激发效应的产生机制已取得一定程度的认知,但是对根际激发效应在土壤碳氮转化过程中的作用机理及其生态重要性依然缺乏足够的理解。该文在论述激发效应的研究历史和主要发生部位的基础上对最新研究进展进行了综合分析,提出了一个具体的根际激发效应的发生机制,深入剖析了影响根际激发效应的生物与非生物因素,并阐释了根际激发效应的生态重要性,对未来根际激发效应的研究方向进行了展望。

关键词：胞外酶根际沉积物根际激发效应土壤微生物

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FACE试验对土壤有机质库组分及其激发效应的影响

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生态环境 2008年第4期17卷 1518-1522页

作者：尚卫辉舒薇李永涛 Marcel R.Hoosbeek Giuseppe E.Scarascia-Mugnozza 华南农业大学资源环境学院华南农业大学测试中心 department of Environmental Sciences Earth System Science GroupWageningen UniversityWageningen P.O.Box 376700AAThe Netherlands department of Forest Environment and Resources University of TusciaViterbo Via S. Camillo De Lellis01100 Italy

以意大利的FACE(Free atmospheric CO2enrichment)长期定位试验区和大气环境控制装置为研究对象,用化学分步酸提法将土壤有机质分离为活性库、慢库和惰性库,并培养测定土壤有机氮的矿化率,研究人工模拟大气CO2富集、施氮肥及植株类型对... 详细信息

以意大利的FACE(Free atmospheric CO2enrichment)长期定位试验区和大气环境控制装置为研究对象,用化学分步酸提法将土壤有机质分离为活性库、慢库和惰性库,并培养测定土壤有机氮的矿化率,研究人工模拟大气CO2富集、施氮肥及植株类型对土壤有机质库及激发效应的影响。第一茬(POP FACE)试验产生了激发效应,但第二茬(Euro FACE)试验CO2处理区的总碳增加量显著高于对照处理区,即激发效应终止。主成分分析显示,有效氮的矿化水平已成为有机质降解的制约因素。据此推断,试验区由活性碳和有效氮控制的激发效应阶段转变为氮利用受限所引起的碳积累阶段。CO2富集对N矿化率、慢库和惰性库均无显著性影响。研究结果表明,土壤的激发效应不仅受有机碳的活性库制约,氮的矿化率也是影响其发生的关键因子之一。

关键词：有机质库 CO2富集 FACE 活性碳酸提法

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Does a giant tortoise taxon substitute enhance seed germination of exotic fleshy-fruited plants?

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Journal of plant ecology 2013年第1期6卷 57-63页

作者： Annika Waibel Christine J.Griffiths Nicolas Zuel Bernhard Schmid Matthias Albrecht Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057 ZurichSwitzerland Mauritian Wildlife Foundation Grannum RoadVacoasMauritius School of Biological Sciences University of BristolWoodland RoadBristol BS81UGUK Present address:Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies department of Biodiversity and Conservation (‘Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientı´ficas-Universitat de les Illes Balears’)Miquel Marques 2107190 EsporlesMallorcaBalearic IslandsSpain

Aims The use of exotic species as taxon substitutes to restore lost ecological interactions is currently hotly *** gigantea giant tortoises have recently been introduced to three islands in the Mascarene archipelago(Ile aux Aigrettes,Round Island and Rodrigues)to resurrect herbivory and seed dispersal functions once performed by extinct giant ***,potential unintended impacts by frugivore substitutes on native ecosystems,*** they will facilitate the germination of exotic plant species,are largely *** investigated whether *** introduced to Rodrigues in 2006 could enhance the germination percentage of four widespread fleshy-fruited exotic species on the *** germination trials to forecast unintended impacts that could arise from the introduction of a frugivorous taxon substitute enables conservation managers to limit potential adverse negative interactions before they *** In germination trials that ran over 4 months,we investigated the effects of ingestion(gut passage and deposition in faeces)by subadult and adult *** on the germination percentage of four exotic fleshy-fruited plant species introduced to *** fed fruits of these plant species to sub-adult and adult *** to test how variation in age and size of the frugivore would affect seed *** of distinctly coloured plastic pellets together with the fruits allowed us to test for individual tortoise effects on seed *** Findings Ingestion by *** increased the percentage of seeds germinating of Mimusops coriacea and Lantana camara,but not percentage of germination of Veitchia merrillii or Wikstroemia *** were more likely to germinate following ingestion by sub-adult rather than adult tortoises,which may be a consequence of the shorter gut passage time observed for *** results demonstrate that introduced frugivorous taxon substitutes could facilitate germination of exot

关键词： ecological analogues exotic species invasion gut passage plant–frugivore interactions seed germination

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The Habitat Structure of Lukanga Ramsar Site in Central Zambia: An Understanding of Wetland Ecological Condition

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Open Journal of ecology 2017年第6期7卷 406-432页

作者： Harry Chabwela Chansa Chomba Loyd Thole department of Biological Sciences University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia School of Agriculture and Natural Resources Disaster Management Training Centre Mulungushi University Kabwe Zambia Zambia Environmental Management Authority Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources Lusaka Zambia

A field survey was carried out to determine the vegetation structure of the Lukanga Swamp Ramsar site in central Zambia. The aim of the study was to identify the different vegetation communities, species composition and distribution patterns for improved habitat management. Sampling was conducted in all recognizable vegetation communities. The results of the survey showed that the swamp was a littoral palustrine wetland predominantly characterized by the dominance of Leersia hexandria Swartz (42.02%), Typha capensis Rohrb (62.43%), Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud (33.61%), Aeschynomeme fluitans Peter (31.58%) and Polygonum senegalense Meisn (48.8%). The occurrence of Vossia cuspidata Griff and Cyperus papyrusL was restricted to small and isolated locations. Short Termitaria was generally covered by Acrocerus macrum Stapf (35.25%) while tall Termitaria was dominated by Panicum maximum Jacq. (26.00%). The most important woody plant species included Combretum ghasalense Engl. et Diels (I. V = 62.88), Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia Pax ((I. V = 90.48), Albizia adianthifolia (Schmacher) W.F. Wight (I. V = 135.63) Isoberlinia angolensis Hyle and Brenan (I. V = 87.25). The current structure of the hydrophytes composition observed in this study was an indication of a generally silting wetland, while the dominant occurrence of understorey woody plants in the surrounding vegetation signified degraded miombo vegetation. It was concluded that the ecological status of wetland habitat was potentially threatened by mainly anthropogenic activities such as;wildfires, and unsustainable exploitation of surrounding vegetation. Further research is required to examine water flows, eutrophication and the long-term effects of deforestation on the ecological functioning of the wetland.

关键词： Aquatic Macrophytes Wetland Habitat Brachystegia Woodland Palustrine Swamp Sedimentation Environmental Flows Wetland Fires and Overexploitation

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plant-herbivore assemblages under natural conditions are driven by plant size,not chemical defenses

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Journal of plant ecology 2017年第6期10卷 1012-1021页

作者： Eva Castells Maria Morante Sandra Saura-Mas Anabel Blasco-Moreno Departament de Farmacologia Terapèutica i ToxicologiaUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaCerdanyola del Vallès 08193Spain CREAF Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193Spain department de Biologia Animal Vegetal i EcologiaUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaCerdanyola del Vallès 08193Spain Servei d’Estadística Aplicada Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaCerdanyola del Vallès 08193Spain

Aims plant secondary metabolites have been traditionally recognized as key traits regulating plant-herbivore ***,the ecological relevance of secondary metabolites as resistance mecha-nisms in comparison to other plant attributes,including physical,morphological or ecological traits,has been recently *** aim to evaluate the role of chemical defenses,plant size and the presence of insect competitors on driving the differences in her-bivory damage under natural *** We performed a replicated field study on the herbivore commu-nity associated with four Senecio species(***,***,*** and ***)during a full-reproductive season in Montseny Natural Park(catalonia,NE Spain).Pyrrolizidine alka-loids(PAs),the most characteristic chemical defenses of Senecio due to their toxic effects on herbivores,were analyzed by gas *** plant size was estimated by the number of flower heads produced over the entire reproductive *** used linear mixed models to explore the relationships between total PA concentrations,plant size and herbivory *** Findings PA concentrations were not related to the natural guild of herbivores within any plant species or insect ***,no significant interactions were found between insect species sharing the same host *** contrast,herbivore abundance was positively related to plant size in ***,*** and *** found no evidence that PAs confer an increased plant resistance against herbivores in *** study supports the hypothesis that plant chemical defenses have a secondary role in determining plant-her-bivore assemblages in comparison to other plant traits under the complexity of natural conditions.

关键词： Senecio herbivory chemical defenses pyrrolizidine alkaloids plant traits

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洞庭湖流域植被光合物候的时空变化及其对气候变化的响应

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植物生态学报 2023年第3期47卷 319-330页

作者：任培鑫李鹏彭长辉周晓路杨铭霞湖南师范大学地理科学学院长沙410081 department of Biology Sciences Institute of Environment SciencesUniversity of Quebec at MontrealMontreal H3C 3P8Canada

为研究洞庭湖流域植被春季光合物候和秋季光合物候的时空变化,揭示其对气候变化的响应规律,为亚热带植被物候模型的建立和碳收支评估提供有益参考,该研究利用2000–2018年的日光诱导叶绿素荧光(SIF)遥感数据反演洞庭湖流域植被春季光合... 详细信息

为研究洞庭湖流域植被春季光合物候和秋季光合物候的时空变化,揭示其对气候变化的响应规律,为亚热带植被物候模型的建立和碳收支评估提供有益参考,该研究利用2000–2018年的日光诱导叶绿素荧光(SIF)遥感数据反演洞庭湖流域植被春季光合物候(春季光合作用开始的时间)和秋季光合物候(秋季光合作用停止的时间),分析植被春季、秋季光合物候的时空变化趋势及其对气候变化的响应机制。研究结果:(1) 2000–2018年,洞庭湖流域植被春季光合物候以0.75 d·a^(-1)的速度显著提前,秋季光合物候以0.17d·a^(-1)的速度呈延后趋势,植被生长季长度以0.90d·a^(-1)的速度显著延长;(2)季前最高气温和最低气温是研究区春季光合物候提前的主要影响因素,秋季光合物候与季前降水量、最低气温、辐射强度均呈正相关关系,而与季前最高气温主要呈负相关关系;(3)研究区植被春季光合物候对气候变化的响应更敏感,尤其是季前最低气温的升高导致常绿针叶林、常绿阔叶林、灌丛和草地的春季光合物候显著提前。洞庭湖流域植被春季光合物候提前对生长季延长起主导作用,这表明在气候变暖的背景下,植被春季光合物候对增强研究区碳汇功能扮演着比秋季光合物候更加重要的角色。研究区植被春季光合物候对气候变化响应更为敏感,且气温是控制春季光合物候的主要因素,这为常绿植被物候的模拟与预测提供了科学基础。

关键词：植被物候日光诱导叶绿素荧光气候变化亚热带碳汇

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死亡识别化学信号相关术语的标准化

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植物保护学报 2022年第1期49卷 240-249页

作者：石冀哲 Merchant Austin 王青华周序国 department of Entomology University of KentuckyLexington 40546KentuckyUSA 中国林业科学院森林生态环境与自然保护研究所北京100091

对同类的死亡作出响应并非人类独有,昆虫与其他动物也会面对同类死亡作出相近反应。在过去的几十年,大量与死亡相关的文章相继发表,直至2018年,研究人员整合了所有相关研究并提出了一个新的研究领域——进化死亡学,旨在从进化的角度综... 详细信息

对同类的死亡作出响应并非人类独有,昆虫与其他动物也会面对同类死亡作出相近反应。在过去的几十年,大量与死亡相关的文章相继发表,直至2018年,研究人员整合了所有相关研究并提出了一个新的研究领域——进化死亡学,旨在从进化的角度综合研究人类及其他动物的死亡过程与影响。死亡相关化学物质的研究在该领域的形成和发展过程中发挥了重要作用。在进化死亡学这样的跨学科研究领域,往往会出现由于专业术语不统一而阻碍其发展的现象,因此,专业术语的标准化就显得尤为重要。该文将循证系统评价和荟萃分析中的首选报告项目(Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis,PRISMA)与关键词共现联合分析相结合,对已发表文献中死亡相关化学物质的术语进行了整理和量化分析,总结和探讨了相关术语使用中的主要问题,并对未来相关术语的标准化使用提出了建议。结果表明在已存在可用相关术语的情况下,其他术语仍不断被创造和引入;同一领域内不同术语用于描述相同的概念;相同术语用于描述其他领域的不同概念。由于现有术语已足够描述可能出现的死亡相关化学物质,且目前对死亡及其相关化学物质在调控行为方面的机理和进化知之甚少,建议今后的研究尽量避免引入新术语,并使用死亡信号(death cue)作为描述死亡相关化学物质的标准术语。精简统一的标准化术语不仅有利于从进化角度跨物种比较研究死亡现象,还将推动进化死亡学这一新兴综合学科的整体发展。

关键词：死亡相关化学物质死亡信号专业术语进化死亡学

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Ecological Technologies of Applying plants on Glass Curtain Walls

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Journal of Landscape Research 2012年第11期4卷 54-56页

作者： XIAO Xiangdong XIE Liqun BI Ying department of Landscape Architecture Suchow University

Integrated landscaping technology of reclaiming condensed water from the thermal channel of double-pane glass curtain wall and applying the reclaimed water in micro irrigation of natural plants was *** of plant species for the internal space of glass curtain wall and vertical greening outside was studied to meet the ecological technological requirements of glass curtain *** experiment of new technology and simulated calculation of indexes were applied to obtain solar radiation consumption,meet the ecological characters of plants in glass curtain walls,and finally improve indoor and outdoor thermal *** results showed that new ecological technologies of applying plants on glass curtain walls help realize ecological utilization of glass curtain walls,further reduce energy consumption of buildings,achieve and even surpass the standards of national 3-star green buildings.

关键词： Glass curtain wall plant application plant ecology Condensed water reclaiming and application

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Study on Endophytic Bacteria Diversity in the Root of Peperomia dindygulensis Miq. by Applying Clone Library Construction Method

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Medicinal plant 2017年第6期8卷 13-16页

作者： Song JIN Zebin CHEN Yuchuan LI Tiyuan XIA Zhen REN Lifang YIN Agriculture College Kunming University Key laboratory of Characteristic Biological Resources Development and Utilization in Yunnan Province Urban Characteristic Agriculture Engineering Technology Research Center of Yunnan Province

[Objectives] To study the endophytic bacteria diversity in the root of Peperomia dindygulensis Miq. [Methods] The root of *** Miq. was taken as materials,culture-independent method was applied to build 16 S rDNA clone library for endophytic bacteria of P. dindygulensis Miq. [Results] In the 16 S rDNA clone library for endophytic bacteria of P. dindygulensis Miq.,95 clones separately belonged to 46 OTUs,Phylogenetic analysis indicated that these cloning sequences separately belonged to phylum Proteobacteria,phylum Bacteroidetes,phylum Actinobacteria,phylum Nitrospirae,and phylum Gemmatimonadetes. In these,phylum Proteobacteria accounted for 70. 53% of total number of clones,so it was the most dominant group in this library. [Conclusions]The endophytic bacteria diversity in the root of *** Miq. is rich and this study is expected to provide scientific basis for protection,development and use of resources of P. dindygulensis Miq.

关键词： Peperomia dindygulensis Miq Endophytic bacteria Culture-independence Diversity

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