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Glutamine,glutamate,and aspartate differently modulate energy homeostasis of small intestine under normal or low energy status in piglets

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第1期8卷 216-226页

作者： Jing Wang Nan Wang Ming Qi Jianjun Li Bie Tan College of Animal Science and Technology Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha 410128HunanChina Animal Nutrition and Human Health laboratory Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and RegulationSchool of Life SciencesHunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410081HunanChina laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical RegionNational Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry ProductionInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesChangsha 410125HunanChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 10008China

Weaning stress may cause reduced energy intake for maintenance of mucosal ***,Glu,and Asp are major energy sources for the small *** study investigated whether Gln,Glu,and Asp improve the intestinal morphology via regulating the energy metabolism in weaning piglets.A total of 198 weaned piglets were assigned to 3 treatments:Control(Basal diet+1.59%L-Ala);T1(Basal diet+1%L-Gln+0.5%L-Glu+0.1%L-Asp);T2(Low energy diet+1%L-Gln+0.5%L-Glu+0.1%L-Asp).Jejunum and ileum were obtained on d 5 or 21 post-weaning.T1 enhanced growth performance.T1 and T2 treatments improved small intestinal morphology by increasing villus height,goblet cell number and decreasing crypt *** post-weaning affected the efficacy of T2,but not T1,on energy *** normal energy supplementation,Gln,Glu,and Asp restored small intestinal energy homeostasis via replenishing the Krebs'cycle and down-regulating the AMPK(adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase)*** these are not sufficient to maintain the intestinal energy-balance of piglets fed with a low energy diet on d 5 post-weaning,the AMPK,glycolysis,beta-oxidation,and mitochondrial biogenesis are activated to meet the high energy demand of *** data indicated that Gln,Glu,and Asp could restore the energy homeostasis of intestinal mucosa of weaning piglets under normal energy *** energy feeding may increase the susceptibility of piglets to stress,which may decrease the efficacy of Gln,Glu,and Asp on the restoration of energy *** findings provide new information on nutritional intervention for insufficient energy intake in weaning piglets.

关键词： Glutamine Glutamate Aspartate Small intestine Energy metabolism

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Enhanced sensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma cells to chemotherapy with a Smac-armed oncolytic adenovirus

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2007年第12期28卷 1996-2004页

作者： Qiu-wei PAN~(2,5),Su-yang ZHONG~(2,5),Bi-sheng LIU~2,Jin LIU~2,Rong CAI~2,Yi-gang WANG~2,Xin-yuan LIU~(2,3,4),Cheng QIAN~(2,4)~2 Xin Yuan Institute of Medicine and biotechnology,Life Science College,Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310018,China,~3 Instituteof Biochemistry and Cell Biology,Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200031,China Xin Yuan Institute of Medicine and biotechnology Life Science College Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou China Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China

Aim:The aim of the present study was to further improve the therapeutic effectsfor human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and reduce the damage in normal cellsusing a novel chemo-gene-virotherapeutic ***:An oncolyticadenoviral vector (ZD55) similar to the typical oncolytic adenovirus ONYX-015,with a deletion of ElB-55K gene,was employed to express the second mitochon-dria-derived activator of caspases (Smac) protein by constructing a *** *** enhanced cytotoxicity of the combined treatment of ZD55-Smac with cisplatin or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was evaluated in several HCC ***,the negative effects on normal cells have been tested in humannormal liver cell lines L-02 and QSG-7701 cell lines by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and apoptotic cell ***:According to our observation,ZD55-Smac is superior to ONYX-015 in sensitizingchemotherapy,ZD55-Smac used in conjunction with chemotherapy was found toexhibit obviously enhanced cytotoxicity in HCC cells,yet significantly abolishedthe negative toxicity in normal cells by utilizing the tumor selective replicationvector and reducing the ***:This chemo-gene-virotherapeutic(cisplatin or 5-FU+ZD55-Smac) strategy is superior to the conventional chemo-gene or chemo-viro approach.

关键词： oncolytic adenovirus inhibitor of apoptosis proteins second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases chemotherapy hepatocellular carcinoma

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Crosstalk between trace elements and T-cell immunity during early-life health in pigs

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中国科学:生命科学英文版 2023年第9期66卷 1994-2005页

作者： Shunshun Jin Liuqin He Chengbo Yang Xinmiao He Heshu Chen Yanzhong Feng Wenjie Tang Jianzhong Li Di Liu Tiejun Li Hunan Provincial Key laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and HealthCollege of Life SciencesHunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410081China Department of Animal Science University of ManitobaWinnipegManitoba R3T2N2Canada CAS Key laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region Institute of Subtropical AgricultureHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic ProcessNational Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry ProductionChangsha 410125China Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin 150086China Animal Breeding and Genetics Key laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Animal Science AcademyChengdu 610066China

With gradual ban on the use of antibiotics, the deficiency and excessive use of trace elements in intestinal health is gaining attention. In mammals, trace elements are essential for the development of the immune system, specifically T-cell proliferation,and differentiation. However, there remain significant gaps in our understanding of the effects of certain trace elements on T-cell immune phenotypes and functions in pigs. In this review, we summarize the specificity, development, subpopulations, and responses to pathogens of porcine T cells and the effects of functional trace elements(e.g., iron, copper, zinc, and selenium) on intestinal T-cell immunity during early-life health in pigs. Furthermore, we discuss the current trends of research on the crosstalk mechanisms between trace elements and T-cell immunity. The present review expands our knowledge of the association between trace elements and T-cell immunity and provides an opportunity to utilize the metabolism of trace elements as a target to treat various diseases.

关键词： trace elements T cells pig gut immunity

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Tumor-specific memory CD8^(+)T cells are strictly resident in draining lymph nodes during tumorigenesis

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2023年第4期20卷 423-426页

作者： Qiao Liu Ling Ran Zhengliang Yue Xingxing Su Lisha Wang Shuqiong Wen Shun Lei Xiaofan Yang Yan Zhang Jianjun Hu Jianfang Tang Zhirong Li Li Hu Bo Zhu Lifan Xu Lilin Ye Qizhao Huang Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina Institute of Cancer Xinqiao HospitalThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina Institute of Immunology Third Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University ChongqingChina Provincial Key laboratory of Immune Regulation and Immunotherapy School of Laboratory Medicine and BiotechnologySouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina College of Veterinary Medicine Qingdao Agricultural UniversityShandongChina Institute of Immunological Innovation and Translation Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina.8 These authors

The functional exhaustion of CD8^(+)T cells represents a fundamental hallmark of chronic viral infection and cancer and,in both scenarios,is driven by prolonged exposure to persistent cognate antigens in the context of an immunoinhibitory *** CD8^(+)T cells upregulate the expression of a wide diversity of coinhibitory immunoreceptors(also referred to as immune checkpoint receptors),such as PD-1,Tim-3,LAG-3,and ***,exhausted CD8^(+)T cells lose their potential to differentiate into functional memory cells and are characterized by hierarchical loss of effector function,leading to compromised tumor control and viral eradication[1,2].

关键词： drain strictly specific

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Bioremediation of lead by lead-resistant microorganisms, isolated from industrial sample

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Advances in Bioscience and biotechnology 2012年第3期3卷 290-295页

作者： Sabyasachi Chatterjee Anindita Mukherjee Agniswar Sarkar Pranab Roy Department of biotechnology The University of Burdwan Golapbag More India

Lead contamination in water is a widespread problem throughout the world and results from industrial use and processing of lead ore. Bio-availability of lead can be hazardous for children and causes mental retardation. The use of lead free petrol is one measure to check this pollution, but this heavy metal is also present in industrial effluents and need to be removed before these effluents are discharged to natural land or water and as well as to the environment. Using bioremediation, bacteria could render lead non-bioavailable would provide an alternative option for detoxifying this contaminant in the environment. The property of some species of bacteria and algae, to extract metals from their surroundings, has been utilized to purify industrial effluents. The first step in devising a bioremediation strategy is to identify candidate bacterial strains capable of modifying the contaminant. Biotechnological approaches are recommended for extraction of metal forms can be grown in ponds where effluents (rich in heavy metals) are discharged. The microbes will extract the heavy metals and sequester them inside their cell membranes. The goal of the present study was to examine the capacity of lead resistant bacteria and bioremediation of lead contaminated water.

关键词： Bioremediation Lead Resistant Bacteria Industrial Bioremediation Industrial Effluent Toxicity

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The bearing of biological fitness in humans and crops upon the emergence and spread of agriculture

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natural Science 2013年第4期5卷 1-6页

作者： Aaron Rottenberg Department of biotechnology Ort Braude College Karmiel Israel

Past studies discussing the origins of agriculture have mainly emphasized changes in environmental and human-behavior factors as possible explanations for the shift from foraging to farming. This paper focuses on how increase in the biological fitness of both farmers and crops enabled the rapid evolution and success of farmers and agriculture. It is shown that the first plants under domestication achieved their superior fitness mainly as a consequence of some of their genetic and life-history traits. It led these species to be extensively integrated into human subsistence and eventually dominate the farmers’ fields. Concurrently, the first farmers gained their enhanced fitness by producing food surplus and by acquiring extra social prestige and power, while materializing the tendency to higher reproduction rate, and eventually to the expansion of farming populations. The unbreakable dependence between high fitness crops and high fitness man, namely their coevolution is a key issue and a promising research area in the understanding of the human story and the origins of agriculture.

关键词： Fitness Prestige Agriculture Origin Founder Crops Coevolution

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Comparison Between a Tetraploid Turnip and Its Diploid Progenitor(Brassica rapa L.):The Adaptation to Salinity Stress

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2011年第3期10卷 363-375页

作者： MENG Hua-bing JIANG Si-si HUA Shui-jin LIN Xian-yong LI Yuan-long GUO Wan-li JIANG Li-xi Institute of Crop Science College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 P.R.China Institute of Agricultural Chemistry College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Hangzhou 310029 P.R.China

Polyploidy is pursued in plant breeding programs due mainly to its ability to yield larger vegetative or reproductive organs. In controlled growth chamber experiments, a tetraploid turnip （cv. Aijiaohuang, 4n） and its diploid progenitor （cv. Aijiaohuang, 2n） were evaluated for their tolerance to salinity stress via investigations on a group of physiological parameters. The results indicate that the tetraploid turnip exhibit better adaptation to a high concentration salt medium （200 mmol L-1）, as evidenced by a less-affected germination rate and a healthier morphological appearance at the seedling stage. Furthermore, an extension of salinity stress up to a certain period of time at the 5-7-leaf stage shows differences between the tetraploid turnip and its diploid progenitor. The former had a higher K＋/Na＋ ratio in the roots, higher glutathione concentration and antioxidant activities in the leaves, and smaller reductions in photosynthetic capacity in terms of leaf chlorophyll content. Studies on the differences between an autopolyploid and its respective relative, from which the autopolyploid originated, in terms of their tolerance to salinity and/or other abiotic stresses, have remained rather limited. The comparison is interesting due to a homogenous genetic background.

关键词： turnip (Brassica rapa) diploid tetraploid autopolyploid salinity tolerance

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Quantitative Determination of Glymphatic Flow Using Spectrophotofluorometry

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2020年第12期36卷 1524-1537页

作者： Yu Zhang Jian Song Xu-Zhong He Jian Xiong Rong Xue Jia-Hao Ge Shi-Yu Lu Die Hu Guo-Xing Zhang Guang-Yin Xu Lin-Hui Wang Department of Physiology and Neurobiology Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123China Institute of Medical biotechnology Suzhou Vocational Health CollegeSuzhou 215009China Institute of Neuroscience Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123China

Following intrathecal injection of fluorescent tracers,ex vivo imaging of brain vibratome slices has been widely used to study the glymphatic system in the rodent *** penetration into the brain is usually quantified by image-processing,even though this approach requires much time and manual ***,we illustrate a simple protocol for the quantitative determination of glymphatic activity using *** specific time-points following intracisternal or intrastriatal injection of fluorescent tracers,certain brain regions and the spinal cord were harvested and tracers were extracted from the *** intensity of tracers was analyzed spectrophotometrically and their concentrations were quantified from standard *** this approach,the regional and dynamic delivery of subarachnoid CSF tracers into the brain parenchyma was assessed,and the clearance of tracers from the brain was also ***,the impairment of glymphatic influx in the brains of old mice was confirmed using our *** method is more accurate and efficient than the imaging approach in terms of the quantitative determination of glymphatic activity,and this will be useful in preclinical studies.

关键词： Glymphatic system Cerebrospinal fluid Fluorescent tracer Spectrophotofluorometry

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GLP-1R Agonists Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes

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Wuhan University Journal of natural Sciences 2014年第1期19卷 27-33页

作者： ZHOU Bilan PENG Anlin GONG Hao HUANG Kun Tongji School of Pharmacy Huazhong University of Science and Technology Department of Pharmacy the Third Hospital of Wuhan Centre for Biomedicine Research Wuhan Institutes of Biotechnology

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor （GLP-1R） agonists are widely used for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） be- cause of their glucose-lowering and weight-losing effects, and low risk of hypoglycemia. Hence, there is considerable interest in understanding the mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of GLP-I and developing stable and effective GLP-1R agonists. Here, we summarize the presently known mechanism of GLP-I actions, which are mainly through regulating cAMP-PKA signaling pathway; the latest developments in novel clinical GLP-1R agonists are also introduced, which are characterized with multiple properties, such as extended half-life, reduced side-effects, lower production costs and more convenient drug dosing mode. The potential risk of GLP-I-based therapeutics, an often-ignored fact, is also discussed.

关键词： glucagon-like peptide-I receptor (GLP-1R) GLP- 1R agonists type 2 diabetes

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Role of autophagy in tumorigenesis,metastasis,targeted therapy and drug resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第41期24卷 4643-4651页

作者： Fang Huang Bing-Rong Wang Yi-Gang Wang Department of Pathology Zhejiang Provincial People’s HospitalPeople’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and biotechnology School of Life SciencesZhejiang Sci-Tech University

Autophagy is a "self-degradative" process and is involved in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and the control of cellular components by facilitating the clearance or turnover of long-lived or misfolded proteins, protein aggregates, and damaged organelles. Autophagy plays a dual role in cancer, including in tumor progression and tumor promotion, suggesting that autophagy acts as a double-edged sword in cancer cells. Liver cancer is one of the greatest leading causes of cancer death worldwide due to its high recurrence rate and poor prognosis. Especially in China, liver cancer has become one of the most common cancers due to the high infection rate of hepatitis virus. In primary liver cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type. Considering the perniciousness and complexity of HCC, it is essential to elucidate the function of autophagy in HCC. In this review, we summarize the physiological function of autophagy in cancer, analyze the role of autophagy in tumorigenesis and metastasis, discuss the therapeutic strategies targeting autophagy and the mechanisms of drug-resistance in HCC, and provide potential methods to circumvent resistance and combined anticancer strategies for HCC patients.

关键词： Autophagy Drug resistance Hepatocellular carcinoma Tumorigenesis Metastasis Targeted therapy

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