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Technological Impact on the Quality of Palm Oil from Burundi: Elaeis guineensis, Variety of Dura and Tenera

Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第8期15卷 759-769页

作者： Severin Sindayikengera Jean Felix Karikurubu Josiane Manirakiza Dévote Ndayikengurukiye Michel Baseka Prudent Nsabiyumva Jonathan Niyukuri Department of Food Science and Technology Faculty of Agronomy and Bioengineering University of Burundi Bujumbura Burundi Food Science and Technology Research Center-CRSTA University of Burundi Bujumbura Burundi Burundi Bureau of Standards and Quality Control (BBN) Bujumbura Burundi Department of Health and Animal productions Faculty of Agronomy and Bioengineering University of Burundi Bujumbura Burundi Research Centre for Animal Plant and Environmental Sciences-CRAVE University of Burundi Bujumbura Burundi

The objective of this study is to determine the factors responsible for the acidification of Burundi palm oils. The investigation of the duration of fermentation of palm fruits performed among artisanal producers found that more than 89% of producers from commune of Rumonge ferment for more than 5 days while more than 61% of those from commune of Mutimbuzi ferment for 4 days. The determination of acid value using the method of ISO 660:2009 showed that Dura and Tenera varieties fermented for 4 days had respectively 5.9 ± 2.3 and 5.8 ± 1.8 mg of KOH/g of oil for clustered fruits, 7.03 ± 3.4 and 7.02 ± 3.2 mg of KOH/g for destemmed fruits. After 8 days, the acid values of Dura and Tenera varieties obtained were respectively 10.9 ± 4.7 and 12.5 ± 5.4 mg KOH/g for clustered fruits, 12.5 ± 5.4 and 12.5 ± 4.1 mg KOH/g for destemmed fruits. No significant difference was recorded between varieties. On the other hand, a highly significant difference at p < 0.05 was obtained between fruits fermented in the open air (e.g. around the foot of the oil palm, FFOA), in a shed when the fruits were not covered (SFNC) and in a shed when the fruits were covered by branches or straw (SFC). At 8 days of fermentation, the acid values of FFOA, SFNC and SFC were 9.1 ± 0.7 < 12.6 ± 0.8 < 17.7 ± 1.4 for destemmed fruit and 9.1 ± 0.7 < 13.2 ± 1.3 < 13.2 ± 3.2 for clustered fruit, respectively. In light of these results, the acidity of Rumonge palm oil is probably due to the long fermentation time and the technique of covering the fruits during fermentation. These results will allow producers to extract good quality oil and consequently improve the health of consumers.

关键词： Burundi Dura Tenera Acid Value Oil Palm

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Direct and Residual Effects of Different Levels of Chicken Manure Fertilization on the Growth and Biomass Production of Brachiaria ruziziensis(Poaceae)at the Bolting in West Cameroon

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Agricultural Sciences 2019年第8期10卷 1113-1123页

作者： Gilles Jiope Azangue Fernand Tendonkeng Francois Victor Nguetsop David Fokom Wauffo Etienne Tedonkeng Pamo Department of plant biology Faculty of ScienceUniversity of DschangDschangCameroon Department of Animal productions Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of DschangDschangCameroon

The direct and residual effects of different levels of chicken manure fertilization on the growth and biomass production of B. ruziziensis at the bolting were studied in West Cameroon. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of chicken manure fertilization on the growth and biomass production of Brachiaria ruziziensis at the bolting. A factorial device comparing five doses of nitrogen into chicken manure (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 kg N/ha) on plot of 6 m2 (3 × 2 m) in four replicates, (i.e. a total of 20 experimental plots) was used. Chicken manure was spread one month after planting pieces of stump during the first year. In the second year, no fertilization was brought up. 40 plants were harvested by treatment for heights and diameters measurements. The evaluation of stems biomass, leaves and whole plants was done on each plot based on the level of fertilization. The results obtained showed that chicken manure fertilization had a positive effect on the growth and biomass production of the B. ruziziensis on the direct and residual effect of fertilization. Thus, the height, diameters and biomass of whole plants in the fertilized plots were significantly larger than in the control plots. The mineralization of the organic matter contained in the chicken manure with doses of 100 kg N/ha was done on the direct and residual effect in order to assure a maximal plant growth. The level of T4 fertilization (corresponding to the dose of 100 kg N/ha) gave the best results. Referring to the result obtained, the level of T4 fertilization corresponding to 100 kg N/ha would be suitable for an optimal B. ruziziensis growth in order to avoid providing the soil with mineral fertilizer.

关键词： Brachiaria ruziziensis Chicken Manure Height Diameter Biomass

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<i>In Vitro</i>Digestibility and Gas Production from <i>E. crus-pavonis</i>Used in Wetlands from Domestic Wastewater Treatment

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2021年第4期11卷 608-622页

作者： Gabriel Nicodème Tsetagho Martin Lekeufack Mama Mouchili Etienne Pamo Tedonkeng Théophile Fonkou Department of plant biology Faculty of Science University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Department of Animal productions Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon

In order to evaluate the possibilities of valorization as the feed of the plant biomass produced during wastewater treatment in constructed wetlands, a study of the in vitro digestibility and gas production of Echinochloa crus-pavonis was carried out in the Laboratory of Animal Production and Nutrition of the University of Dschang. The in vitro digestibility of Echinochloa crus-pavonis was evaluated at different harvesting periods. The digestibility parameters of E. crus-pavonis samples were determined by the in vitro method at different phenological stages. The gas production (GP) during 24 h of incubation was assessed using the in vitro

关键词： Echinochloa crus-pavonis Constructed Wetlands Ruminant Feed Nutritional Value in Vitro Digestibility

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Research Status and Prospect of Burkholderia glumae, the Pathogen Causing Bacterial Panicle Blight

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Rice science 2016年第3期23卷 111-118页

作者： CUI Zhou-qi ZHU Bo XIE Guan-lin LI Bin HUANG Shi-wen State Key laboratory of Rice biology Institute of BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China College of Life Science Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310018 China State Key laboratory of Rice biology China National Rice Research Institute Hangzhou 310006 China

Bacterial panicle blight caused by Burkholderia glumae is one of the most severe seed-borne bacterial diseases of rice in the world. Currently, this disease has affected many countries of Asia, Africa, South and North America. It is a typical example of the shifting from minor plant disease to major disease due to the changes of environmental conditions. Some virulent factors of B. glumae have been identified, including toxoflavins and lipases, whose productions are dependent on the Tof I/Tof R quorum-sensing system, and type III effectors. In spite of its economic significance, neither effective control measure for this disease nor resistant rice variety is currently available. In recent years, genomics, transcriptomics and other molecular methods have provided useful information for better understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying B. glumae virulence and the rice defence mechanisms against pathogens. For the prevention of this pathogen, our laboratory has developed a rapid and sensitive multiplex PCR assay for detecting and distinguishing B. glumae from other Burkholderia species. This improved understanding of B. glumae will shed new light on bacterial panicle blight disease management.

关键词： bacterialpanicleblight Burkholderiaglumae pathogenesis genomics transcriptomics rice

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Global and Comparative Proteome Analysis of Nitrogen-Stress Responsive Proteins in the Root, Stem and Leaf of Brassica napus

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第3期92卷 645-663页

作者： Liang Chai Cheng Cui Benchuan Zheng Jinfang Zhang Jun Jiang Haojie Li Liangcai Jiang Crop Science Institute Sichuan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChengdu610066China Environment-Friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic improvement Key laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu610066China

Nitrogen(N)is one of the basic nutrients and signals for plant development and deficiency of it would always limit the productions of crops in the *** research on expression of N-stress responsive proteins on a proteome level remains *** order to gain a deep insight into the proteins responding to nitrogen stress in rapeseed(Brassica napus L.),comparative proteomic analysis was performed to investigate changes of protein expression profiles from the root,stem and leaf under different N concentrations,*** than 200 differential abundance proteins(DAPs)were detected and categorized into groups according to annotations,including“binding and catalytic activity”,“involved in primary metabolism and cellular processes”,“stress-response”and so *** in chlorophyll(Chl)content and antioxidant activities further revealed that oxidative stress raised with the increase of N *** analysis based on the expression level of total proteins suggested these DAPs might play important roles in adaptation to N-stress ***,these results provides a new aspect into N-stress responding proteins in Brassica plants.

关键词： Brassica napus nitrogen(N)response oxidative stress proteomics

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Coupling Aquaculture—Crop productions and Using of Water Drained from Ponds Rearing Clarias gariepinus as Fertilizer for Okra Production (Abelmoschus esculentus var. Clemson spineless, L. Moench)

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第9期14卷 2628-2647页

作者： Louis Dossou Magblénou Justin Kantoussan César Bassène Dieynaba Yacine Mar Gueye Hamath Sy Laboratoire des Sciences Biologiques Agronomiques et de Modlisation des Systmes Complexes (LaBAM) UFR des Sciences Agronomiques de lAquaculture et des Technologies Alimentaires (UFR S2ATA) Dpartement Aquaculture Universit Gaston Berger (UGB) Saint-Louis Senegal Laboratoire des Sciences Biologiques Agronomiques et de Modlisation des Systmes Complexes (LaBAM) UFR des Sciences Agronomiques de lAquaculture et des Technologies Alimentaires (UFR S2ATA) Dpartement Productions Vgtales et Agronomie (PVA) Universit Gaston Berger (UGB) Saint-Louis Senegal

The present study concerns the revalorization of drained water from aquaculture ponds rearing Clarias gariepinus on okra crops. The rearing was carried out at the farm of Gaston Berger University in 100 m2 ponds. In each pond, the individuals of C. garipinus with an average weight of 6 ± 0.3 g were stocked at a density of 11 per m2. The water temperature and pH were measured during the experiment. The control fishing is carried out every month to monitor variations in the weight and size of reared individuals. The plant production is carried out in elementary plots measuring 3 m × 1.5 m. Each plot was fertilized with either: drained water from C. gariepinus rearing (DWC), poultry droppings (PD), cow dung (CD) and mineral fertilizer (NPK). Treatments are carried out in tripliqua with either river water (RW), RW + the recommended dose of NPK (RD-NPK), RW + RD-PD, RW + RD-CD, DWC, DWC + 25% RD-NPK, DWC + 50% RD-NPK, DWC + 75% RD-NPK, DWC + 25% RD-PD, DWC + 50% RD-PD, DWC + 75% RD-PD, DWC + 25% RD-CD, DWC + 50% RD-CD, DWC + 75% RD-CD. Growth parameters and yield of okra were determined. The average temperature in the rearing environment was 27.6 ± 1.5˚C and pH 7.9 ± 1.1. After six (06) months of rearing, C. gariepinus individuals reached an average weight of 850.12 ± 1.3 g and an average height of 52.44 ± 1.1 cm. The daily weight gain and specific growth rates over this period were 3.9 g per day and 2.8% per day, respectively. The treatment T1 (RW + DR-NPK) gave the highest mean collar diameter and mean plant height with 2.3 ± 0.9 cm and 61.6 ± 32 cm, respectively. In T4 (DWC), the mean height of plants was 38.8 ± 23.5 cm and mean collar diameter 1.4 ± 0.8 cm. The growth performance in T4 was comparable to that of RD-CD (T3), but different from RD-NPK (T1) and RD-PD (T2). The highest average number, average weight, average length and average diameter of fruits were noted in treatments T13 (RW + RD-75%CD) and T7 (DWC + 75% RD-NPK). The best yields were noted in T1 (RW +

关键词： Integrated Aquaculture Drained Water Fertilization C. gariepinus Okra

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Impact of Climate Variability on Water Resources: The Case of Marc Delorme-Cnra Station, Southeast of Ivory Coast

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2021年第9期13卷 726-749页

作者： Charly Fernand Agoh Tacra Thierry Lekadou Mahaman Bachir Saley Bi Trazié Jérémie Gala Jean Homian Danumah Pierre-Marie Janvier Coffi Zadjéhi Eric-Blanchard Koffi Bi Tié Albert Goula laboratory of Water and Environmental Sciences and Techniques (LSTEE) UFR of Earth Sciences and Mineral Resources (STRM) Felix Houphou&euml t Boigny University Abidjan Ivory Coast National Agronomic Research Center Marc Delorme Research Station Abidjan Ivory Coast laboratory Geosciences and Environment Training and Research Unit of Environmental Sciences and Management (UFR) of Environmental Sciences and Management Nangui Abrogoua University (UNA) Abidjan Ivory Coast laboratory of biology and improvement of plant productions UFR Sciences de la Nature Peleforo Gon Coulibaly University Korhogo Ivory Coast

This study aims to characterize the climatic variability in the South-East of Ivory Coast and to show its impact on the supply of water resources. To do this, statistical and hydrological methods were applied to climatic data collected at the Marc DELORME Research Station of the CNRA. The statistical trend tests on this data revealed a significant decrease in precipitation and an increase in temperature, insolation and evaporation. Statistical break methods indicate a rainfall break in 1982 which marks a modification of the rainfall regime thus translating a drop in rainfall of 15%, a recession in the frequency of rainy days in general and in particular in rainfall heights between 10 and 30 mm and greater than 50 mm. This break is accompanied by a shortening of the rainy seasons, with average rainfall durations ranging from 54 days (short rainy season) to 104 days (great rainy season). Despite the disturbances in the different seasons of the year, the monthly rainfall regimes in the area have not changed. The assessment of the effects of drought on water resources using the Standardized Precipitation and Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) for three-time scales (1 month, 3 months and 12 months) indicates a severe drought ranging from 3% to 7% over the period 1961 to 2018. However, despite the presence of this severe drought, the intensity of the drought was found to be moderate on all time scales. The Thorrnthwaite method was used to highlight the impacts of this climatic variability on the region’s water resources. The average annual recharge estimated at 402 mm, has been reduced to 153 mm during a deficit period, a decrease of about 62%. The average annual runoff, which was 294 mm, fells to 257 mm, a decrease of about 13%. This recorded decrease in the water infiltrated after the rainfall break (1983-2018), explains the heterogeneous decrease in the depth of the water table.

关键词： Climate Variability Drought Statistical Tests Water Resource Ivory Coast

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The Genome of Medicinal plant Macleaya cordata Provides New Insights into Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloids Metabolism

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Molecular plant 2017年第7期10卷 975-989页

作者： Xiubin Liu Yisong Liu Peng Huang Yongshuo Ma Zhixing Qing Qi Tang Huifen Cao Pi Cheng Yajie Zheng Zejun Yuan Yuan Zhou Jinfeng Liu Zhaoshan Tang Yixiu Zhuo Yancong Zhang Linlan Yu Jialu Huang Peng Yang Qiong Peng dinbo Zhang Wenkai Jiang Zhonghua Zhang Kui Lin Dae-Kyun Ro Xiaoya Chen Xingyao Xiong Yi Shang Sanwen Huang Jianguo Zeng National and Local Union Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Herbal Medicine Resource and Initiative Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients Horticulture and Landscape College Veterinary Medicine College Hunan Agricultural University Changsha 410128 China Institute of Vegetables and Flowers Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics Beijing 100081 China Agricuitural Genome Institute at Shenzhen Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Shenzhen 518124 China School of Pharmacy Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha 410208 China MOE Key laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering and College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Micolta Bioresource Inc. Changsha 410016 China Herbal Extract Engineering Research Center Changsha 410331 China Biotechnology Research Center Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changsha 410125 China Novogene Bioinformatics Institute Beijing 100083 China Department of Biological Sciences University of Calgary Calgary T2N1N4 Canada National Key laboratory of plant Molecular Genetics National Plant Gene Research Center Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes forBiological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China plant Science Research Center Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden Shanghai 201602 China

The overuse of antibiotics in animal agriculture and medicine has caused a series of potential threats to public health. Macleaya cordata is a medicinal plant species from the Papaveraceae family, providing a safe resource for the manufacture of antimicrobial feed additive for livestock. The active constituents from M. cordata are known to include benzylisoquinoline alkaloids （BIAs） such as sanguinarine （SAN） and chelerythrine （CHE）, but their metabolic pathways have yet to be studied in this non-model plant. The active biosynthesis of SAN and CHE in M. cordata was first examined and confirmed by feeding ^13C-labeled tyrosine. To gain further insights, we de novo sequenced the whole genome of M. cordata, the first to be sequenced from the Papaveraceae family. The M. cordata genome covering 378 Mb encodes 22,328 predicted protein-coding genes with 43.5% being transposable elements. As a member of basal eudicot, M. cordata genome lacks the paleohexaploidy event that occurred in almost all eudicots. From the genomics data, a complete set of 16 metabolic genes for SAN and CHE biosynthesis was retrieved, and 14 of their biochemical activities were validated. These genomics and metabolic data show the conserved BIA metabolic pathways in M. cordata and provide the knowledge foundation for future productions of SAN and CHE by crop improvement or microbial pathway reconstruction.

关键词： Macleaya cordata genome Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids Secondary metabolism Sanguinarine Chelerythrine Isotopic labeling

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Isoquercitrin suppresses the expression of histamine and pro-inflammatory cytokines by inhibiting the activation of MAP Kinases and NF-κB in human KU812 cells

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2016年第6期14卷 407-412页

作者： LI Li ZHANG Xiao-Hui LIU Guang-Rong LIU Chang DONG Yin-Mao Beijing Key laboratory of plant Resources Research and Development Beijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijing100048China Infinitus(China)Company Ltd. Guangzhou 510665China

Mast cells and basophils are multifunctional effector cells that contain abundant secretory granules in their cytoplasm. Both cell types are involved in a variety of inflammatory and immune events, producing an array of inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines. The aim of the study was to examine whether isoquercitrin modulates allergic and inflammatory reactions in the human basophilic KU812 cells and to elucidate its influence on the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) and nuclear factor(NF)-κB activation. The KU812 cells were stimulated with phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate plus the calcium ionophore A23187(PMACI). The inhibitory effects of isoquercitrin on the productions of histamine and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the stimulated KU812 cells were measured using cytokine-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent(ELISA) assays. Western blotting analysis was used to assess the effects of isoquercitrin on the MAPKs and NF-κB protein levels. Our results indicated that the isoquercitrin treatment of PMACI-stimulated KU812 cells significantly reduced the production of histamine and the pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin(IL)-6, IL-8, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α. The treated cells exhibited decreased phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK), revealing the role of ERK MAPK in isoquercitrin-mediated allergy inhibition. Furthermore, isoquercitrin suppressed the PMACI-mediated activation of NF-κB in the human basophil cells. In conclusion, the results from the present study provide insights into the potential therapeutic use of isoquercitrin for the treatment of inflammatory and allergic reactions.

关键词： Isoquercitrin,KU812 cells Histamine Cytokines Mitogen-activated protein kinase Nuclear factor-κB

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Characterization of New Ent-kaurane Diterpenoids of Yunnan Arabica Coffee Beans

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Natural Products and Bioprospecting 2016年第4期6卷 217-223页

作者： Rui Chu Luo-Sheng Wan Xing-Rong Peng Mu-Yuan Yu Zhi-Run Zhang Lin Zhou Zhong-Rong Li Ming-Hua Qiu State Key laboratory of Phytochemistry and plant Resources in West China Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Five new ent-kaurane diterpenoids,named mascaroside Ⅲ–Ⅴ(1–3),and 20-nor-cofaryloside Ⅰ–Ⅱ(4–5),together with seven known diterpenoids,were isolated from methanol extracts of the green coffee beans of Yunnan Arabica *** chemical structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic ***,cytotoxicity assay against HL-60,A-549,SMMC-7721,MCF-7 and SW480 cell lines showed that they have not evident inhibition of cytotoxicity.

关键词： Coffea arabica L. Green coffee beans Diterpenoids Structural elucidation

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