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Habitat heterogeneity influences avian feeding guild composition in urban landscapes:evidence from Bhubaneswar,India

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Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 418-427页

作者： Bibhu Prasad Panda B.Anjan Kumar Prusty Biswajit Panda Abanti Pradhan Siba Prasad Parida Environmental Sciences Department of Chemistry and BBRCITERSiksha‘O’Anusandhan(Deemed to be University)BhubaneswarOdishaIndia Department of Natural Resources Management and geoinformatics Khallikote UniversityBerhampurOdishaIndia Department of Stem Cell Facility All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia Department of Zoology School of Applied SciencesCenturion University of Technology and ManagementBhubaneswarOdishaIndia.

Background:Habitat heterogeneity clearly distinguished in terms of availability of food and habitat resources and landscape features(natural or human-modified)play a crucial role in the avian species composition and population *** examine this,a study was carried out in Bhubaneswar,India,to understand the ecological niche distinction in birds based on habitat *** sampling was conducted in 30 sampling sites covering six different habitat types in a predominantly urban landscape of Bhubaneswar for understanding the ecological niche in *** birds were classified into 11 types of foraging ***:The insectivorous guild had the highest bird species richness(181 species)and the omnivorous guild had the lowest(11 species).The piscivorous guild and wetland habitat had the strongest linkage,followed by the insectivorous guild and agricultural *** frugivorous guild was significantly correlated with forest habitats(r=0.386,p<0.01)and park and garden habitats(r=0.281,p<0.01).This urban area hosted a higher number of bird species in certain habitat types,viz.,agricultural lands(52%,115 species)and forest patches(50%,111 species).Conclusion:The present study highlights the importance of agricultural lands,forest patches,parks and gardens,and wetlands inside the cityscape for supporting *** is therefore suggested that such habitats should be conserved inside an urban area to protect native ***,the city development plan must invariably include strategies for conserving the forest patches inside the urban *** must be taken to restrain the degradation of agricultural lands and reduce their utilization for non-agricultural purposes,which will help in further reducing the bird population decline in the urban landscape.

关键词： Bird species richness Community structure Feeding guild Habitat characteristics Urban area

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Comprehensive Approach for Porous Materials Analysis Using a Dedicated Preprocessing Tool for Mass and Heat Transfer Modeling

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Journal of Thermal Science 2018年第5期27卷 479-486页

作者： MADEJSKI Pawel KRAKOWSKA Paulina HABRAT Magdalena PUSKARCZYK Edyta JEDRYCHOWSKI Mariusz Department of Power Systems and Environmental Protection Facilities Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ro-botics AGH University of Science and TechnologyKraków 30-059 Poland Department of Geophysics Faculty of Geology Geophysics and Environmental Protection AGH University of Sci-ence and Technology Kraków 30-059 Poland Department of geoinformatics and applied Computer Science Faculty of Geology Geophysics and Environmental Protection AGH University of Science and TechnologyKraków 30-059 Poland Department of Condensed Matter Physics Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science AGH University of Science and TechnologyKraków 30-059 Poland

The paper presents a comprehensive, newly developed software – poROSE(poROus materials examination SoftwarE) for the qualitative and quantitative assessment of porous materials and analysis methodologies developed by the authors as a solution for emerging challenges. A low porosity rock sample was analyzed and thanks to the developed and implemented methodologies in poROSE software, the main geometrical properties were calculated. A tool was also used in preprocessing part of the computational analysis to prepare a geometrical representation of the porous material. The basic functions as elimination of blind pores in the geometrical model were completed and the geometrical model was exported for CFD software. As a result, it was possible to carry out calculations of the basic properties of the analyzed porous material sample. The developed tool allows to carry out quantitative and qualitative analysis to determine the most important properties characterized porous materials. In presented tool the input data can be images from X-ray computed tomography(CT), scanning electron microscope(SEM) or focused ion beam with scanning electron microscope(FIB-SEM) in grey level. A geometric model developed in the proper format can be used as an input to modeling mass, momentum and heat transfer, as well as, in strength or thermo-strength analysis of any porous materials. In this example, thermal analysis was carried out on the skeleton of rock sample. Moreover, thermal conductivity was estimated using empirical equations.

关键词： porous materials rock software thermal properties preprocessing

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Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment for the Corridor Wellfield Using DRASTIC and Modified DRASTIC Models: A Case Study of Eastern Jordan

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Open Journal of Geology 2020年第10期10卷 991-1008页

作者： Ibraheem Hamdan Abdulla Al-Rawabdeh Mu’ayyad Al Hseinat Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences Al al-Bayt University Mafraq Jordan Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Yarmouk University Irbid Jordan applied geoinformatics laboratory Yarmouk University Irbid Jordan Department of Geology The University of Jordan Amman Jordan

Groundwater vulnerability maps were created for the Corridor wellfield (~300 km2) in the eastern Jordan using the DRASTIC and modified DRASTIC groundwater vulnerability assessment models. The study area is considered as one of the most important well fields therein providing partially three governorates with the needed drinking water. Detailed geological and hydrogeological parameters as well as the land-use map of the area were obtained from various sources to utilize both models. ArcGIS software was used for calculations and maps preparation. As a result, the generic DRASTIC vulnerability index ranges between 109 and 168. Thus, two vulnerability classes were observed, moderate (9.9%) and high (90.1%) vulnerability classes. On the other hand, the modified DRASTIC model (risk map) is taking into account the land-use map classes in the study area. The output risk map reveals two main classes, the moderate and high-risk areas. The moderate-risk areas occupy 9.3% of the total volume of the study area while the high-risk areas are 90.7%. Due to the high depth to groundwater within the area (between 90 m and 390 m), the depth to groundwater intervals was modified in the model to become more comfortable with the situation in Jordan. The high percentage of the high vulnerable areas against pollutants reflects the need to do more investigation for the studied area.

关键词： DRASTIC Risk Map Groundwater Vulnerability Corridor Wellfield Jordan

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Redistribution of Soil Organic Carbon Triggered by Erosion at Field Scale Under Subhumid Climate,Hungary

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Pedosphere 2016年第5期26卷 652-665页

作者： Zoltan SZALAI Judit SZABO Jozsef KOVACS Erzsebet MESZAROS Gaspar ALBERT Csaba CENTERI Boglarka SZABO Balazs MADARASZ Dora ZACHARY Gergely JAKAB Geographical Institute Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences Hungarian Academy of SciencesBudapest 1112(Hungary) Department of Environmental and Landscape Geography Eotvos Lordnd UniversityBudapest 1117(Hungary) Department of applied and Environmental Geology Eotvos Lordnd UniversityBudapest 1117(Hungary) Department of Cartography and geoinformatics Eotvos Lordnd UniversityBudapest 1117(Hungary) Department of Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology Szent Istvdn UniversityGodollo 2100(Hungary)

Soil organic carbon(SOC) has primary importance in terms of soil physics, soil fertility and even of climate change control. One hundred soil samples were taken from an intensively cultivated Cambisol to quantify SOC redistribution triggered by soil erosion under a subhumid climate, by the simultaneous application of diffuse reflectance(240–1 900 nm) and traditional physico-chemical *** representative sample points were collected from the solum along the slopes at the depth of 20–300 cm with a mean SOC content of 12 g kg^(-1). Hierarchical cluster analyses were performed based on the determined SOC results. The spatial pattern of the groups created were similar, and even though the classifications were not the same, diffuse reflectance had proven to be a suitable method for soil/sediment classification even within a given arable field. Both organic and inorganic carbon distributions were found to be a proper tool for estimations of past soil erosion processes. The SOC enrichment was found on two sedimentary spots with different geomorphological positions. Soil organic matter composition also differed between the two spots due to selective deposition of the delivered organic matter. The components with low-molecular-weight reached the bottom of the slope where they could leach into the profile, while the more polymerised organic matter compositions were delivered and deposited even before on a higher segment of the slope in an aggregated form. This spatial difference appeared below the uppermost tilled soil layer as well, referring the lower efficiency of conventional ploughing tillage in soil spatial homogenisation.

关键词： Cambisol carbon sequestration diffuse reflectance selective erosion soil organic matter composition

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Geomorphometric relief classification with the κ-median method in the Silesian Upland,southern Poland

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2020年第1期14卷 152-170页

作者： Bartlomiej SZYPULA Malgorzata WIECZOREK Institute of Earth Sciences Faculty of Natural SciencesUniversity of Silesia in KatowiceSosnowiec 41-200Poland Department of geoinformatics and Cartography Faculty of Earth Sciences and Environment ManagementUniversity of WroclawWroclaw 50-137Poland

The aim of this study is geomorphometric relief classification of a temperate latitude upland area in Central *** Silesian Upland represents diversified structural relief which contains a fan-shaped configuration of long thresholds and wide erosion depressions.A 20 m × 20 m digital elevation model(DEM)provided input data for the *** κ-median method was applied to examine morphometric variables of the *** aim of these activities was to identify clusters with objects of similar mathematical *** clusters were the basis of landform *** numbers of clusters 4 transparently show hypsometric *** elements of the morphology of the area were clearly *** division into 6 clusters gives the best results-a detailed but clear image of the morphological diversity by distinguishing characteristic landform *** results for 8 clusters show significant background noise and are ambiguous,which makes them diflBcult to *** research has confirmed that the κ-median method is a useful tool for landform *** determined optimal parameters of this method(filtering window size,DEM resolution,number of clusters,aspect influence).

关键词： κ-median method relief classifications digital elevation model(DEM) geomorphometry Silesian Upland

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Accuracy Assessment of Alos W3d30, Aster Gdem and Srtm30 Dem: A Case Study of Nigeria, West Africa

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2019年第2期11卷 111-123页

作者： O. I. Apeh V. N. Uzodinma E. S. Ebinne E. C. Moka E. U. Onah Department of geoinformatics & Surveying University of Nigeria Enugu Campus Nigeria

Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) depict the configuration of the earth surface and are being applied in many areas in earth and environmental sciences. In this study, the accuracy of the Advanced Land Observing Satellite World 3D Digital Surface Model version 2.1 (ALOS W3D30), the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission Digital Elevation Model version 3.0 (SRTM30) and the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer Global DEM version 2.0 (ASTER GDEM2) was statistically assessed using high accuracy GPS survey data. Root-Mean-Square errors of ~5.40 m, ~7.47 m and ~20.03 m were obtained for ALOS W3D30, SRTM30 and ASTER GDEM2 respectively. In further analyses, we discovered that ALOS W3D30 and SRTM30 were much more accurate in regions where the height intervals were within 201 m - 400 m and >801 m. ALOS W3D30 proved to be the most accurate DEM that best represents the topography of the earth’s surface and could be used for some earth and environmental applications in Nigeria. We recommend that this study should serve as a guide in the use of any of these DEMs for earth and environmental applications in Nigeria.

关键词： ALOS W3D30 ASTER GDEM2 SRTM30 Nigeria DEMs Accuracy Assessment Root-Mean-Square Error

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GIS-based ordered weighted averaging and Dempster-Shafer methods for landslide susceptibility mapping in the Urmia Lake Basin, Iran

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2014年第8期7卷 688-708页

作者： Bakhtiar Feizizadeh Thomas Blaschke Hossein Nazmfar Department of Physical Geography Centre for Remote Sensing and GISUniversity of TabrizTabrizIran Department of geoinformatics(Z_GIS) University of SalzburgSalzburgAustria Department of Geography and Urban Planning University of Mohaghegh ArdabiliArdabilIran

In this paper,GIS-based ordered weighted averaging(OWA)is applied to landslide susceptibility mapping(LSM)for the Urmia Lake Basin in northwest *** landslide causal factors were used,whereby the respective parameters were extracted from an associated spatial *** factors were evaluated,and then the respective factor weight and class weight were assigned to each of the associated factors using analytic hierarchy process(AHP).A landslide suscept-ibility map was produced based on OWA multicriteria decision *** order to validate the result,the outcome of the OWA method was qualitatively evaluated based on an existing inventory of known ***,an uncertainty analysis was carried out using the Dempster-Shafer *** on the results,very strong support was determined for the high susceptibility category of the landslide susceptibility map,while strong support was received for the areas with moderate *** this paper,we discuss in which respect these results are useful for an improved understanding of the effectiveness of OWA in LSM,and how the landslide prediction map can be used for spatial planning tasks and for the mitigation of future hazards in the study area.

关键词： GIS-multicriteria decision analysis OWA uncertainty analysis belief landslide susceptibility mapping Urmia Lake Basin

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Pervasive geo-security - a lightweight triple-A approach to securing distributed geo-service infrastructures

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2014年第5期7卷 373-390页

作者： Bernd Resch Bernhard Schulz Manfred Mittlboeck Thomas Heistracher Research Studio iSPACE Research Studios AustriaSalzburgAustria SENSEable City laboratory Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyBostonMAUSA Department of Information Technology and Systems Management University of Applied SciencesSalzburgAustria

Security has recently become a major concern in distributed geo-infrastructures for spatial data ***,a lightweight approach for securing distributed low-power environments such as geo-sensor networks is *** first part of this article presents a survey of current security mechanisms for authentication and *** on this survey,a lightweight and scalable token-based security infrastructure was developed,which is tailored for use in distributed geo-web service *** developed security framework comprises dedicated components for authentication,rule-based authorisation and optimised storage and administration of access *** validation purposes,a prototypical implementation of the approach has been created.

关键词： pervasive security distributed geo-service infrastructures triple-A geo-authorisation standardised sensor networks service protection Geographic Information Systems(GIS) geoinformatics spatial data infrastructure Digital Earth Digital Earth Architecture

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Diet and habitat affinities in six raptor species in India

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Avian Research 2018年第4期9卷 354-362页

作者： Satish Pande Reuven Yosef Federico Morelli Rajkumar Pawar Ram Mone ELA Foundation C-9 Bhosale ParkSahakarnagrPune 411009India Department of Environmental Sciences Savitribai Phule Pune UniversityGaneshkhindPune 411007India Ben Gurion University of the Negev-Eilat Campus P.O.Box 27288000 EilatIsrael Department of applied geoinformatics and Spatial Planning Faculty of Environmental SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PragueKamycká129165 00 Prague 6Czech Republic

Background: Sympatric species adapt to, and temporally or geographically segregate access to similar limiting ***: We compared nesting habitat and diet affinities of six raptor species in central India between the years ***: A large composition of reptiles in the diet was characteristic for Circaetus gallicus, Spilornis cheela and Elanus caeruleus, while Aquila fasciata, Falco chicquera and Nisaetus cirrhatus show a higher proportion of birds. Species with greatest similarity of diet were C. gallicus and S. cheela. Considering the environmental characterization of areas where raptors built the nest, some species were ecologically closer than others. N. cirrhatus and S. cheela were related to the presence of water bodies, dry deciduous forest and evergreen forests, while E. caeruleus and C. gallicus preferred more open habitats. A. fasciata bred either on cliffs or trees, F. chicquera on trees or mobile towers, and the other four species built their nests exclusively in ***: We conclude that although there was overlap in diet and nesting ecology for a number of species, the geographical separation likely limits competition for resources.

关键词： Raptor species Diet Breeding area Niche overlap Resource partitioning

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Customized Visualizations of Urban Infill Development Scenarios for Local Stakeholders

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Journal of Building Construction and Planning Research 2015年第2期3卷 68-81页

作者： Juho-Pekka Virtanen Tuulia Puustinen Kyosti Pennanen Matti TVaaja Matti Kurkela Kauko Viitanen Hannu Hyyppa Petri Ronnholm Department of Real Estate Planning and GeoinformaticsAalto UniversityEspooFinland Helsinki Metropolia University of applied Sciences Construction and Real Estate HubicHelsinkiFinland VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland EspooFinland

Infill development has been seen as one of the solutions to urban challenges. However, it changes the dynamics and visual appearance of the neighborhood. As infill development usually requires the acceptance of local stakeholders, their perceptions of the resulting intensified housing have a significant role. In this study, customized visualizations illustrating scenarios of infill development were made from the perspective of individual apartments in neighboring residential building. The usefulness of customized visualizations for local stakeholders was studied in the Tammela test area. A 3D virtual model of the existing environment was created. Models depicting the alternative infill buildings were added to the 3D model, which was used to create customized visualizations. These visualizations were utilized in the interviews of local stakeholders. The findings indicate that the customized visualizations help stakeholders conceptualize the impact, and plan and manage the infill development. Visualizations can also be seen as a tool for a resident-driven approach to intensifying housing.

关键词： 3D Model Resident-Driven Infill Development Visualization Interviews of Stakeholders Laser Scanning

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