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Responses of Nutrients to the Precipitation Variation and Land Use in Subtropical Monsoonal Small Mountainous Rivers:A Case Study of Baixi Watershed

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2024年第2期23卷 383-391页

作者： TIAN Yuan GAO Fei CAO Ke LV Shenghua DUAN Xiaoyong YIN Ping Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology China Geological SurveyMinistry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266237China laboratory for Marine Geology Laoshan LaboratoryQingdao 266237China

Small mountainous rivers are characterized by large instantaneous fluxes and susceptible to extreme weather events,which can rapidly transport materials into the sea and have a significant impact on the ecological environment of estuaries and bays.In order to investigate the seasonal characteristics of nutrients in small mountainous rivers in the subtropical monsoon region and the output pattern to the sea during heavy precipitation,surveys on the mountainous rivers were carried out in Baixi watershed in August 2020(wet season),March 2021(dry season)and June 2021(Meiyu period).The results showed that the dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN)of the rivers has an average concentration of 752μg L^(−1)in the wet season and 1472μg L^(−1)in the dry season.The concentrations of dissolved inorganic phosphorus(DIP)in wet season and dry season were 63μg L^(−1)and 51μg L^(−1),respectively.Influenced by the changes of land use in sub-watersheds,DIN concentrations in the mainstream increased from 701μg L^(−1)in the upper reaches to 1284μg L^(−1)in the middle reaches.Two rainstorms during the Meiyu period in the watershed caused the pulse runoff in the river.The maximum daily runoff reached 70 times that before rains.The maximum daily fluxes of DIN and DIP were 109 and 247 times that before rains,respectively.In view that the watershed experienced several rainstorms in the wet season,the river,with pulse runoff,carries a large amount of nutrients into the sea in a short time,which will have a significant impact on the environment of Sanmen bay and its adjacent sea.

关键词： small mountainous river uneven precipitation rainstorm pulse runoff nitrogen and phosphorus

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Early Triassic Legoupil Formation in Schmidt Peninsula,Antarctic Peninsula:provenance and Depositional Settings

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第2期35卷 317-331页

作者： Chao Zhang Ying-Chun Cui Chen-Guang Liu Fang-Hua Cui Lu-Yuan Wang Wei-Qiang Zhang School of Resources and Environmental Engineering Shandong University of TechnologyZibo255049China MNR Key laboratory for Polar Science Polar Research Institute of ChinaShanghai201209China Key laboratory of Marine Sedimentology and Environmental Geology First Institute of OceanographyState Oceanic AdministrationQingdao266061China laboratory for Marine Geology Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao266061China Key laboratory of Mineral Resources Evaluation in Northeast Asia Ministry of Land and ResourcesChangchun130061China

Geochemical compositions can be used to determine the tectonic setting of sedimentary basins,while where the link of source to sink is no longer preserved,detrital zircon age patterns can aid in resolving the original basin setting.The metasedimentary Legoupil Formation,located at Cape Legoupil and the Schmidt Peninsula,could give a hint for the tectonic evolution of Antarctic Peninsula.In this contribution,we constrain the sedimentary provenance of the Legoupil Formation through geochemistry and detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology.The petrography and geochemical features indicate that the provenance of the Legoupil Formation could be felsic rocks.Detrital zircon grains record a steady supply of Permian and Ordovician material into the Legoupil Formation.The youngest concordant zircon ages of 262 Ma suggest that the depositional time of Legoupil Formation is no older than Late Permian.The detrital zircon age spectrum of Legoupil Formation suggests that the Legoupil Formation sediments should be derived from regional sources endemic to western Gondwana prior to its breakup.Together with the previous studies,geochemistry and detrital zircons reflect an active continental margin tectonic setting and the detrital zircon spectra of Legoupil Formation are similar to the ones deposited in forearc tectonic setting.

关键词： Schmidt Peninsula Legoupil Formation Trinity Peninsula Group detrital zircons Antarctic Peninsula geochemistry

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Apatite Fission-Track Thermochronology in the Tamusu Area,Bayingobi Basin,NW China,and its Geological Significance

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第3期98卷 585-601页

作者： TONG Qinlong QIN Mingkuan YE Fawang CNNC Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology National Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Information and Image Analysis TechnologyBeijing 100029China

The Bayingobi basin is located in the middle of Central Asia Orogenic Belt,at the intersection of Paleo-Asian Ocean and Tethys Ocean,as well as the junction of multiple tectonic plates.This unique tectonic setting underpins the basin's intricate history of tectonic activity.To unravel the multifaceted tectono-thermal evolution within the southwestern region of the basin and to elucidate the implications of sandstone-hosted uranium mineralization,granitic and clastic rock samples were collected from the Zongnai Mts.uplift and Yingejing depression,and apatite fission track(AFT)dating and thermal history simulation analysis were performed.AFT dating findings reveal that the apparent ages of all samples fall within the range of 244 Ma to 112 Ma.In particular,the bedrock of the Zongnai Mts.and Jurassic detrital apatite fission tracks have undergone complete annealing,capturing the uplift-cooling age.Meanwhile,the AFT ages of Cretaceous detrital rocks are either equivalent to or notably exceed the age of sedimentary strata,signifying the cooling age of the provenance.A comprehensive examination of AFT ages and palaeocurrent direction analyses suggests that the Cretaceous source in the Tamusu area predominantly originated from the central and southern sectors of the Zongnai Mts.uplift.However,at a certain juncture during the Late Early Cretaceous,the Cretaceous provenance expanded to include the northern part of the Zongnai Mts.uplift.Based on the results of thermal history simulations and previous studies,it is considered that the Tamusu area has undergone four distinct tectonic uplift events since the Late Paleozoic.The first is the Late Permian to Early Triassic(260-240 Ma),which is associated with the closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean and the accretionary orogeny within the Alxa region.The second uplift event took place in the Early Jurassic(190-175 Ma)and corresponded to intraplate orogeny following the closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean.The third uplift event is the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous(160-120 Ma),which

关键词： apatite fission-track tectono-thermal history sandstone-hosted uranium deposit Bayingobi basin Central Asian Orogenic Belt

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provenance of Conglomerate and Sandstone from Early Permian Shoushangou Formation in Xi Ujimqin,Inner Mongolia:Implications for Understanding Paleo-Asian Ocean Subduction

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第1期98卷 10-31页

作者： ZHANG Yingli GUO Xianqing MA Shouxian MNR Key laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment Institute of Mineral ResourcesCAGSBeijing 100037China Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037China

During the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian,a rift was formed by post-collisional extension after ocean closure or an island arc-related basin formed by Paleo-Asian Ocean(PAO)subduction in the Xi Ujimqin area.Nevertheless,the closure time of the PAO is still under debate.Thus,to identify the origin of the PAO,the geochemistry and U-Pb age of zircons were analyzed for the extra-large deep marine,polymict clastic boulders and sandstones in the Shoushangou Formation within the basin.The analyses revealed magmatic activity and tectonic evolution.The conglomerates include megaclasts of granite(298.8±9.1 Ma)and granodiorite porphyry(297.1±3.1 Ma),which were deposited by muddy debris flow.Results of this study demonstrated that the boulders of granitoids have the geochemistry of typical I-type granite,characterized by low Zr+Nb+Ce+Y and low Ga/Al values.The granitoid boulders were formed in island arc setting,indicating the presence of arc magmatism in the area that is composed of the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian subduction-related granitoid in southern Xi Ujimqin.Multiple diagrams for determining sedimentary provenance using major and trace elements indicate that Shoushangou sediments originated from continental island arc-related felsic rocks.Detrital zircon U-Pb age cluster of 330–280 Ma was obtained,indicating input from granite,ophiolite,Xilin Gol complex,and Carboniferous sources to the south.The basin was geographically developed behind the arc during the Early Permian period because the outcropped intrusive rocks in the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian form a volcanic arc.The comprehensive analyses of source areas suggest that Shoushangou sediments developed in a backarc basin in response to the northward subduction of the PAO.The backarc basin and intrusive rocks,in addition to previously published Late Carboniferous to Early Permian magmatic rocks of arc unit in Xilin Gol,confirm the presence of an Early Permian trencharc-basin system in the region,represented by the Baolidao arc and Xi Ujimqin ba

关键词： provenance analysis backarc basin Shoushangou Formation Early Permian Central Asian Orogenic Belt

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Glacial-interglacial cycles recorded in clay minerals from the eastern Tibetan Plateau over the last 800 ka and their indications

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第7期67卷 2162-2177页

作者： Xiaoyan ZHANG Chunxia ZHANG Yan ZHAO Bin HU Zhengtang GUO Key laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China College of Earth Science and Engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590China Key laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Clay mineral proxies have been widely used to reconstruct changes in provenance and the paleoclimate.However,high-altitude clay mineral indications and long-term and orbital variations have not been fully explored.Herein,we present an800-ka clay-mineral record from a lacustrine sediment core(ZB13-C2)from the Zoige Basin on the eastern Tibetan Plateau(TP).X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to identify the clay mineral assemblages and their micromorphological characteristics of core ZB13-C2.The results revealed that the clay minerals in core ZB13-C2 are mainly illite,with small amounts of chlorite,kaolinite,and smectite(including irregular mixed-layers of illite-smectite(I/S)and chloritesmectite(C/S)).The clay mineral assemblages and proxies exhibit three stages of change,which are mainly controlled by the Zoige watershed range under different climate conditions.The watershed was limited to the southeastern region with altitudes ranging from~3500 to~4200 meters above sea level(m a.s.l.),and glacial-interglacial hydraulic erosion controlled the input of bedrock debris during 800-621 ka BP.It expanded to higher altitudes(~4200 to~4700 m a.s.l.)due to stronger seasonal freezethaw weathering without significant glacial-interglacial variations under a cooling and drying climate during 621-100 ka BP.Finally,it expanded to its highest altitudes of~4700 to~5200 m a.***.l.northwest of the watershed after 100 ka BP,and hydraulic erosion increased obviously under a warm climate of the interstadial MIS 3 on the TP.The watershed underwent two major expansions under different climatic conditions at~621 ka and 100 ka BP,with the wet/dry alternation became strong at~621 ka BP.These results reveal that long-term temperature changes and the wet/dry alternation at high altitudes controlled the watershed range and degree of the physical erosion,and that the indications of clay minerals should be carefully clarified before they are used as climate indicators,especially on the TP.

关键词： Quaternary Zoige Basin Lacustrine sediments Paleoenvironment Weathering

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Devonian integrative stratigraphy,biotas,and paleogeographical evolution of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第4期67卷 1036-1070页

作者： Wenkun QIE Kun LIANG Wen GUO Biao GAO Junjun SONG Bo CHEN Pu HUANG Li QIAO Honghe XU Jitao CHEN Yucong SUN Yichun ZHANG State Key laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and PalaeontologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 211135China

The Devonian System in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas is widely distributed,diverse in lithotypes and rich in fossils.It records the crucial processes of continuous subduction and reduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean in the northern hemisphere and the transformation of the Proto-Tethys Ocean into the Paleo-Tethys Ocean in the southern hemisphere.Thus,it is of great significance for explaining the global paleogeographic evolution,tectonic activities and biodiversity changes during this critical period.The blocks on both sides of the southern Tienshan suture zone and the Longmu Co-ShuanghuChangning-Menglian suture zone belong to different sedimentary systems and paleobiogeographic realms and regions,showing important tectonic paleogeographic partitioning significance.The two suture zones represent the main branches of the PaleoAsian Ocean and the Paleo-Tethys Ocean,respectively,and on this basis the Devonian System can be subdivided into three types:the Tienshan type,the Tethys type and the Gondwana type.Based on recent research progress on the Devonian stratigraphy and paleontology in combining provenance analysis and biotic characteristics in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and surrounding areas,this paper aims to establish the latest integrative stratigraphic framework and conduct paleogeographic reconstruction,providing foundation for exploring the geological evolution and dynamic mechanisms of various terranes and blocks in the northern margin of Gondwana.The results indicate that the North Qiangtang,South Qiangtang,Simao,Baoshan and Tengchong terranes,as well as the Himalaya Tethys Zone and the South China Block have affinities with the Indian Block,while the Lhasa Terrane has affinities with the Australian Block,and may be located between the South China and Australian blocks.In the Emsian(Early Devonian),the South China Block separated from the northern margin of Gondwana,a process that was accompanied by the opening of the Jinshajiang-Ailaoshan Ocean.In the Middle Devonian,the mid-oceanic

关键词： Devonian Paleo-Tethys Ocean Integrative stratigraphy Biotas provenance Analysis Paleogeography

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The Langjiexue Group is an in situ sedimentary sequence rather than an exotic block: Constraints from coeval Upper Triassic strata of the Tethys Himalaya(Qulonggongba Formation)

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Science China Earth Sciences 2019年第5期62卷 783-797页

作者： Zhongyu MENG Jiangang WANG Weiqiang JI Hao ZHANG Fuyuan WU Eduardo GARZANTI Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences laboratory for provenance studies Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Università di Milano-Bicocca

The Upper Triassic Langjiexue Group in southeastern Tibet has long been an enigmatic geological unit. It belongs tectonically to the northern Tethys Himalayan zone, but provenance signatures of the detritus it contains are significantly different from those of typical Tethys Himalayan sandstones. Because the Langjiexue Group is everywhere in fault contact with Tethys Himalayan strata, its original paleogeographic position has remained controversial for a long time. According to some researchers, the Langjiexue Group was deposited onto the northern edge of the Indian passive continental margin, whereas others interpreted it as an independent block accreted to the northern Indian margin only during final India-Asia convergence and collision in the Paleocene. This study compares the Langjiexue Group and coeval Upper Triassic strata of the southern Tethys Himalayan zone(Qulonggongba Formation). Our new provenance data indicate that Qulonggongba Formation sandstones contain common felsic volcanic rock fragments, minor plagioclase, and euhedral to subhedral zircon grains yielding Late Paleozoic to Triassic ages. These provenance features compare well with those of the Langjiexue Group. Because the Qulonggongba Formation certainly belongs to the Tethys Himalayan zone, the provenance similarity with the Langjiexue Group indicates that the latter is also an in situ Tethys Himalayan sedimentary sequence rather than part of an exotic block. Volcanic detritus including Late Paleozoic to Triassic zircon grains in both Langjiexue Group and Qulonggongba Formation are interpreted to have been derived from the distant Gondwanide orogen generated by Pan-Pacific subduction beneath the southeastern margin of Gondwana. The Qulonggongba Formation, deposited above marlstones of the lower Upper Triassic Tulong Group, is overlain by India-derived coastal quartzose sandstones of the uppermost Triassic Derirong Formation. Deposition of both the Qulonggongba Formation and the Langjiexue Group were most likely controlled by regional tectonis

关键词： Tethys Himalaya provenance analysis Langjiexue Group Detrital-zircon geochronology Tectonic setting Late Triassic Paleogeography

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Detecting APT-Exploited Processes through Semantic Fusion and Interaction Prediction

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第2期78卷 1731-1754页

作者： Bin Luo Liangguo Chen Shuhua Ruan Yonggang Luo School of Cyber Science and Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu610065China Key laboratory of Data Protection and Intelligent Management(Sichuan University) Ministry of EducationChengdu610065China Cyber Science Research Institute Sichuan UniversityChengdu610065China

Considering the stealthiness and persistence of Advanced Persistent Threats(APTs),system audit logs are leveraged in recent studies to construct system entity interaction provenance graphs to unveil threats in a host.Rule-based provenance graph APT detection approaches require elaborate rules and cannot detect unknown attacks,and existing learning-based approaches are limited by the lack of available APT attack samples or generally only perform graph-level anomaly detection,which requires lots of manual efforts to locate attack entities.This paper proposes an APT-exploited process detection approach called ThreatSniffer,which constructs the benign provenance graph from attack-free audit logs,fits normal system entity interactions and then detects APT-exploited processes by predicting the rationality of entity interactions.Firstly,ThreatSniffer understands system entities in terms of their file paths,interaction sequences,and the number distribution of interaction types and uses the multi-head self-attention mechanism to fuse these semantics.Then,based on the insight that APT-exploited processes interact with system entities they should not invoke,ThreatSniffer performs negative sampling on the benign provenance graph to generate non-existent edges,thus characterizing irrational entity interactions without requiring APT attack samples.At last,it employs a heterogeneous graph neural network as the interaction prediction model to aggregate the contextual information of entity interactions,and locate processes exploited by attackers,thereby achieving fine-grained APT detection.Evaluation results demonstrate that anomaly-based detection enables ThreatSniffer to identify all attack activities.Compared to the node-level APT detection method APT-KGL,ThreatSniffer achieves a 6.1%precision improvement because of its comprehensive understanding of entity semantics.

关键词： Advanced persistent threat provenance graph multi-head self-attention graph neural network

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An integrated north–south paleo-Dadu-Anning River: New insights from bulk major and trace element analyses of the Xigeda Formation

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China Geology 2024年第1期7卷 91-103页

作者： Yong Zheng Hai-bing Li Jia-wei Pan Ping Wang Ya Lai Zheng Gong Key laboratory of Deep-Earth Dynamics Institute of GeologyChinese Academy of Geological SciencesChina Geological SurveyMinistry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100037China Jiangsu Donghai Continental Deep Hole Crustal Activity National Observaion and Research Station Lianyungang 222300China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong laboratory Guangzhou 511458China Geophysical Exploration Center China Earthquake AdministrationZhengzhou 450002China Institute of Geophysics China Earthquake AdministrationBeijing 100081China

The Xianshuihe-Anninghe fault extends SE–S and constitutes the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.However,the Dadu River which is associated with the fault does not flow following the path,but makes a 90ºturn within a distance of 1 km at Shimian,heading east,and joins the Yangtze River,finally flowing into the East China Sea.Adjacent to the abrupt turn,a low and wide pass near the Daqiao reservoir at Mianning separates the N–S course of the Dadu River from the headwater of the Anning River which then flows south into the Yunnan Province along the Anninghe fault.Therefore,many previous studies assumed southward flow of the paleo-Dadu River from the Shimian to the Anning River.However,evidences for the capture of the integrated N–S paleo-Dadu-Anning River,its timing,and causes are still insufficient.This study explored the paleo-drainage pattern of the Dadu and Anning Rivers based on bulk mineral and geochemical analyses of the large quantities of fluvial/lacustrine sediments along the trunk of the Dadu and Anning Rivers.Similar with sands in the modern Dadu River,the Xigeda sediments also exhibit a granitoid affinity with the bulk major mineral compositions of quartz(>50%),anorthite(about 10%),orthoclase(about 5%),muscovite(about 5%),and clinochlore(about 4%).Correspondingly,bulk major elements show high SiO_(2),with all samples>60%,and some of them>70%,low TiO_(2)(≤0.75%),P_(2)O_(5)(≤0.55%),FeO*(≤5%),and relatively high CaO(1.02%–8.51%),Na_(2)O(1.60%–2.52%),and K_(2)O(2.17%–2.71%),with a uniform REE patterns.Therefore,synthesizing all these results indicate that these lacustrine sediments have similar material sources,which are mainly derived from its course in the Songpan-Ganzi flysch block,implying that the paleo-Dadu originally flowed southward into the Anning River and provided materials to the Xigeda ancient lake.The rearrangement of the paleo-Dadu River appears to be closely related to the locally focused uplift driven by strong activities of the XianshuiheXiaojiang fault system.

关键词： Dadu River Anninghe fault River diversion Xigeda Formation Tectonic uplift provenance Songpan-Ganzi flysch Ancient lake Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault system Tibetan Plateau

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Grain size and surface micro-texture characteristics and their paleoenvironmental significance of Holocene sediment in southern margin of the Gurbantunggut Desert,China

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第5期16卷 632-653页

作者： MA Yunqiang LI Zhizhong TAN Dianjia ZOU Xiaojun TAO Tonglian School of Geographical Sciences Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 350117China Key laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 350117China Institute of Geography Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 350117China

The southern margin of the Gurbantunggut Desert,China,is characterized by alternating layers of aeolian and alluvial deposits.Investigating the characteristics of arenaceous sediment in this area is of significant importance for understanding the interactive processes of wind and water forces,as well as the provenance of sediment.However,there are relatively few investigations on the characteristics of such sediment at present.In this study,we researched three aeolian-alluvial interactive stratigraphic profiles and different types of surface sediment on the desert-oasis transitional zone of southern margin of the Gurbantunggut Desert.Based on the optically stimulated luminescence(OSL)dating of aeolian sand and analyses of quartz sand grain size and surface micro-texture,we explored the aeolian-alluvial environmental change at southern margin of the desert in Holocene,as well as the provenance of sediment.The results indicated that the grain size characteristics of different types of sediment in the stratigraphic profiles were similar to those of modern dune sand,interdune sand,muddy desert surface soil,and riverbed sand.Their frequency curves were unimodal or bimodal,and cumulative probability curves were two-segment or three-segment,mainly composed of suspension load and saltation load.The quartz sand in the sediment at southern margin of the desert had undergone alternating transformation of various exogenic forces,with short transportation distance and time,and sedimentary environment was relatively humid.In Holocene,southern margin of the desert primarily featured braided river deposits,and during intermittent period of river activity,there were also aeolian deposits such as sand sheet deposits,stabilized dune deposits,and mobile dune deposits.The provenance for Holocene alluvial deposits at southern margin of the desert remains relatively constant,with the debris of the Tianshan Mountains being the primary provenance.Aeolian sand is mainly near-source recharge,which is formed by in situ deposition of fluvial

关键词： aeolian-alluvial deposition grain size surface micro-texture sedimentary environment Holocene

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