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Production of hydrogen from fossil fuel:A review

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Frontiers in energy 2023年第5期17卷 585-610页

作者： Shams ANWAR Xianguo LI laboratory for fuel cell and green energy Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics EngineeringUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntario N2L3G1Canada

Production of hydrogen,one of the most promising alternative clean fuels,through catalytic conversion from fossil fuel is the most technically and economically feasible *** conversion of natural gas into hydrogen and carbon is thermodynami-cally favorable under atmospheric ***,using noble metals as a catalyst is costly for hydrogen production,thus mandating non-noble metal-based catalysts such as Ni,Co,and Cu-based *** paper reviews the various hydrogen production methods from fossil fuels through pyrolysis,partial oxidation,autother-mal,and steam reforming,emphasizing the catalytic production of hydrogen via steam reforming of *** multicomponent catalysts composed of several non-noble materials have been *** the Ni,Co,and Cu-based catalysts investigated in the literature,Ni/Al_(2)O_(3)catalyst is the most economical and performs best because it suppresses the coke formation on the *** avoid carbon emission,this method of hydrogen production from methane should be integrated with carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS).Carbon capture can be accomplished by absorption,adsorption,and membrane separation *** remaining challenges,prospects,and future research and development directions are described.

关键词： methane catalytic conversion natural gas hydrogen production CCUS

Alternative Strategy for Development of Dielectric Calcium Copper Titanate‑Based Electrolytes for Low‑Temperature Solid Oxide fuel cells

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第1期17卷 310-332页

作者： Sajid Rauf Muhammad Bilal Hanif Zuhra Tayyab Matej Veis MAKYousaf Shah Naveed Mushtaq Dmitry Medvedev Yibin Tian Chen Xia Martin Motola Bin Zhu College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060People’s Republic of China Department of Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Natural SciencesComenius University BratislavaIlkovicova684215 BratislavaSlovakia energy Storage Joint Research Center School of Energy and EnvironmentSoutheast UniversityNanjing 210096People’s Republic of China Hydrogen energy laboratory Ural Federal University620002 EkaterinburgRussia laboratory of Electrochemical Devices Based on Solid Oxide Proton Electrolytes Institute of High Temperature Electrochemistry620066 EkaterinburgRussia School of Microelectronics Hubei UniversityWuhan 430062People’s Republic of China

The development of low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells(LT-SOFCs)is of significant importance for realizing the widespread application of *** has stimulated a substantial materials research effort in developing high oxide-ion conductivity in the electrolyte layer of *** this context,for the first time,a dielectric material,CaCu_(3)Ti_(4)O_(12)(CCTO)is designed for LT-SOFCs electrolyte application in this *** individual CCTO and its heterostructure materials with a p-type Ni_(0.8)Co_(0.15)Al_(0.05)LiO_(2−δ)(NCAL)semiconductor are evaluated as alternative electrolytes in LT-SOFC at 450–550℃.The single cell with the individual CCTO electrolyte exhibits a power output of approximately 263 mW cm^(-2) and an open-circuit voltage(OCV)of 0.95 V at 550℃,while the cell with the CCTO–NCAL heterostructure electrolyte capably delivers an improved power output of approximately 605 mW cm^(-2) along with a higher OCV over 1.0 V,which indicates the introduction of high hole-conducting NCAL into the CCTO could enhance the cell performance rather than inducing any potential short-circuiting *** is found that these promising outcomes are due to the interplay of the dielectric material,its structure,and overall properties that led to improve electrochemical mechanism in CCTO–***,density functional theory calculations provide the detailed information about the electronic and structural properties of the CCTO and NCAL and their heterostructure CCTO–*** study thus provides a new approach for developing new advanced electrolytes for LT-SOFCs.

关键词： LT-SOFCs Dielectric CaCu_(3)Ti_(4)O_(12) Semiconductor Ni_(0.8)Co_(0.15)Al_(0.05)LiO_(2−δ) Ionic conductivity Heterostructure electrolyte

Modeling development on the meso-scale reacting transport phenomena in proton exchange membrane fuel cells

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2013年第3期29卷 370-378页

作者： Jianliang Yuan Yu Xiao Department of energy Sciences Lund University fuel cell System and Engineering laboratory Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Science

The catalyst layer （CL） of proton exchange mem-brane fuel cell （PEMFC） involves various particles and pores in meso-scale, which has an important effect on the mass, charge （proton and electron） and heat transport coupled with the electrochemical reactions. The coarse-grained molecular dynamics （CG-MD） method is employed as a meso-scale structure reconstruction technique to mimic the self-organization phenomena in the fabrication steps of a CL. The meso-scale structure obtained at the equilibrium state is further analyzed by molecular dynamic （MD） software to provide the necessary microscopic parameters for understanding of multi-scale and-physics processes in CLs. The primary pore size distribution （PSD） and active platinum （Pt） surface areas are also calculated and then compared with the experiments. In addition, we also highlight the implementation method to combine microscopic elementary kinetic reaction schemes with the CG-MD approaches to provide insight into the reactions in CLs. The concepts from CG modeling with particle hydrodynamics （SPH） and the problems on coupling of SPH with finite element modeling （FEM） methods are further outlined and discussed to understand the effects of the meso-scale transport phenomena in fuel cells.

关键词： CG-MD · Meso-scale · Reaction · Catalyst layer · fuel cell

Analysis on carbon emission reduction intensity of fuel cell vehicles from a life-cycle perspective

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Frontiers in energy 2024年第1期18卷 16-27页

作者： Ziyuan TENG Chao TAN Peiyuan LIU Minfang HAN fuel cell and energy Storage Center Department of Energy and Power EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation EquipmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

The hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is rapidly developing in China for carbon reduction and *** paper evaluated the life-cycle cost and carbon emission of hydrogen energy via lots of field surveys,including hydrogen production and packing in chlor-alkali plants,transport by tube trailers,storage and refueling in hydrogen refueling stations(HRSs),and application for use in two different *** also conducted a comparative study for battery electric vehicles(BEVs)and internal combustion engine vehicles(ICEVs).The result indicates that hydrogen fuel cell vehicle(FCV)has the best environmental performance but the highest energy ***,a sufficient hydrogen supply can significantly reduce the carbon intensity and FCV energy cost of the current *** carbon emission for FCV application has the potential to decrease by 73.1%in City A and 43.8%in City *** only takes 11.0%–20.1%of the BEV emission and 8.2%–9.8%of the ICEV *** cost of FCV driving can be reduced by 39.1%in City *** improvement can be obtained with an economical and“greener”hydrogen production pathway.

关键词： hydrogen energy life-cycle assessment(LCA) fuel cell vehicle carbon emission energy cost

Research progress of Pt and Pt-based cathode electrocatalysts for proton-exchange membrane fuel cells

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Chinese Physics B 2022年第12期31卷 619-628页

作者： Ni Suo Longsheng Cao Xiaoping Qin Zhigang Shao fuel-cell System and Engineering laboratory Key Laboratory of Fuel Cells&Hybrid Power SourcesDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023China

Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)have been widely used commercially to solve the energy crisis and environmental *** oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)at the cathode is the rate-determining step in ***(Pt)catalysts are used to accelerate the ORR ***’s scarcity,high cost,and instability in an acidic environment at high potentials seriously hinder the commercialization of ***,studies should explore electrocatalysts with high catalytic activity,enhanced stability,and low-Pt *** review briefly introduces the research progress on Pt and Pt-based ORR electrocatalysts for PEMFCs,including anticorrosion catalyst supports,Pt,and Pt-based alloy *** preparation technology and material characterization of Pt-based ORR electrocatalysts are necessary to improve the performance and corresponding reaction mechanisms.

关键词： electrocatalysts oxygen reduction reaction activity stability

Applications of M/N/C analogue catalysts in PEM fuel cells and metal-air/oxygen batteries: Status quo, challenges and perspectives

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2020年第6期30卷 807-814页

作者： Bin Chi Xiaorong Zhang Mingrui Liu Shijie Jiang Shijun Liao The Key laboratory of fuel cell Technology of Guangdong Province & The Key laboratory of New energy Technology of Guangdong Universities School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology

To meet the sharp increase in demand for clean and renewable energy, it is necessary to develop new energyconversion and storage technologies, such as proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs) and metal-air/oxygen batteries(MABs). Due to the sluggish reaction kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) and the oxygen evolution reaction(OER) in the cathodes of PEMFCs and MABs, significant amounts of precious metal catalysts need to be used, driving up the cost of fuel cells and MABs and thereby hindering their commercialization on a large scale. Transition metal and nitrogen co-doped carbonaceous catalysts(M/N/C) have high catalytic activity towards the ORR and OER once the catalysts are modified with certain promoters/additives. In addition, M/N/C catalysts can be prepared from abundant, inexpensive materials, making their cost negligible compared with precious metal catalysts, a development that would efficiently decrease the cost of PEMFCs and MABs. In last decade, numerous researchers have attempted to realize these applications of M/N/C catalysts, and some exciting results have been achieved, making these promising replacements for precious metal ***, some serious problems and significant challenges remain. In this paper, we review the research on the application of M/N/C analogue catalysts in PEMFCs and MABs in the last 10 years, indicate the remaining challenges, and suggest the future research directions.

关键词： PEM fuel cell MABs M/N/C catalysts Oxygen reaction

Significant potential of Solid Oxide fuel cell systems for distributed power generation and carbon neutrality

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Frontiers in energy 2022年第6期16卷 879-882页

作者： Ziyuan TENG Minfang HAN fuel cell and energy Storage Center Department of Energy and Power EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation EquipmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

energy is important for human survival and *** September 2020,the Chinese government announced that“China aims to have their CO_(2) emissions peak before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060.”As China’s reformation and opening-up proceeds into its fifth decade,this new vision for its future is in line with that of the world’s major economies in terms of the need to reach net zero emissions globally by the mid-21stcentury[1].However,coal-fueled thermal power generation is currently dominant and accounts for more than 70%of the total amount of power generated in China,making it the world’s largest energy consumer and carbon *** on the country’s domestic resources,namely the abundance of coal and scarcity of oil and gas,it would be difficult to fundamentally change this coal-based energy structure in the short *** 2021,the global total energy sector was responsible for 36.3 Gt of CO_(2) emissions,including approximately 12 Gt from China,which thus accounts for one-third of the total global emissions[2].The demand for efficiency,energy savings,and emissions reduction in the power generation industry has become increasingly *** need has arisen to enhance ways in which to use coal cleanly and efficiently,reduce the consumption thereof,and replace coal with other forms of *** addition,carbon emissions need to be lowered by promoting the adoption of alternative power generation technologies that are more energy *** would require transformation away from coal power and the exploration of clean,efficient,flexible,and safe forms of energy as the main future development directions[3].

关键词： neutral carbon replace

Water-induced electrode poisoning and the mitigation strategy for high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

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Journal of energy Chemistry 2022年第6期31卷 569-575,I0016页

作者： Zinan Zhang Zhangxun Xia Jicai Huang Fenning Jing Suli Wang Gongquan Sun Division of fuel cell&Battery Dalian National Laboratory for Clean EnergyDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023LiaoningChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Key laboratory of fuel cell&Hybrid Power Sources Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023LiaoningChina

Engineering failure of membrane electrode assembly caused by increasingly fuel poisoning in the high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells fed with humidified reformate gases is firstly demonstrated herein this work. Based on the results of the in-situ environmental scanning electron microscope, electrochemical analyses, and limiting current method, a water-induced phosphoric acid invasion model is constructed in the porous electrode to elucidate the failure causations of the hindered hydrogen mass transport and the enhanced carbon monoxide poisoning. To optimize the phosphoric acid distribution under the inevitably humidified circumstance, a facile and effective strategy of constructing acid-proofed electrode is proposed and demonstrates outstanding stability with highly humidified reformate gases as anode fuel. This work discusses a potential defect that was rarely studied previously under practical working circumstance for high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells, providing an alternative opinion of electrode design based on the fundamental aspects towards the engineering problems.

关键词： High temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells Reformate gases Phosphoric acid Porous electrode Interface structure

Accelerated life-time test of MEA durability under vehicle operating conditions in PEM fuel cell

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Frontiers in energy 2017年第3期11卷 326-333页

作者： Tian TIAN Jianjun TANG Wei GUO Mu PAN State Key laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Hubei Provincical Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China

In this paper, a novel accelerated test method was proposed to analyze the durability of MEA, considering the actual operation of the fuel cell vehicle. The proposed method includes 7 working conditions： open circuit voltage （OCV）, idling, rated output, overload, idling-rated cycle, idling-overload cycle, and OCV-idling cycle. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method can effectively destroy the MEA in a short time （165 h）. Moreover, the degradation mechanism of MEA was analyzed by measuring the polarization curve, CV, SEM and TEM. This paper may provide a new research direction for improving the durability of fuel cell.

关键词： polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell accelerated life-time test load cycling test durability