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Are population cycles recovering?

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 538-547页

作者： Vasily D.YAKUSHOV Boris I.SHEFTEL A.N.Severtsov Institute of ecology and evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences MoscowRussia

The dynamics of populations of small mammals of Central Siberia was *** studies were carried out at the Yenisei ecological station“Mirnoye”of the *** Institute of ecology and evolution,Russian Academy of *** time series analysis was performed by the wavelet transform using the statistical data processing language *** the 20th century,the dynamics of the population of the community and some of its constituent species(Sorex araneus;***;***;***;***;Craseomys rufocanus;Clethrionomys rutilus;Microtus oeconomus;***)were characterized by a 4-year *** type of dynamics changed to noncyclic by the nineties,but by 2022,four species(***,***,***,and ***)and the community as a whole showed a tendency toward recovery of population *** remaining species were characterized by consistently low numbers with irregular low amplitude fluctuations.

关键词： population cycles small mammals time-series analysis wavelet transform

Juvenile survival curves in a solitary ground squirrel with a prolonged hibernation:effects of individual characteristics,environment,and maternal investment

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 13-23页

作者： Nina A.Vasilieva Liudmila E Savinetskaya Andrey V.Tchabovsky A.N.Severtsov Institute of ecology and evolution Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow 119071Russia

Juvenile survival is a key life-history influence on population dynamics and adaptive *** analyzed the effects of individual chara-cteristics,early environment,and maternal investment on juvenile survival in a large solitary hibernating rodent-yellow ground squirrel Spermophilus fulvus using Cox mixed-effects *** 48%of weaned pups survived to dispersal and 17%survived to *** life expectancy was primarily determined by individual characteristics and,to a lesser extent,by the early *** strongest and pos-itive predictor of juvenile survival was body mass which crucially affected mortality immediately after *** suffered higher mortality than females after the onset of dispersal;however,the overall difference between sexes was partly masked by high rates of mortality in the first days after emergence in both *** emerged juveniles had lower life expectancy than the earliest *** overall effect of local juvenile density was *** lactation did not enhance juvenile survival:Pups nursed longer survived shorter than the young nursed for a shorter *** findings support the hypothesis that females of *** cannot effectively regulate maternal expenditures to mitigate the effects of unfavorable conditions on their *** strategy to deal with seasonal time constraints on life history in female *** suggests an early termination of maternal care at the cost of juvenile quality and *** female reproductive strategy corresponds to a"fast-solitary"life of folivorous desert-dwelling *** and other solitary ground squirrels with prolonged hibernation.

关键词： early-life conditions ground squirrels hibernation juvenile mortality maternal investment survival curves

Autotomy does not affect the locomotor performance of a scorpion

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第2期19卷 336-338页

作者： Aijia MAO Shichang ZHANG Centre for Behavioral ecology and evolution State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme EngineeringSchool of Life SciencesHubei UniversityWuhanChina

Autotomy,the self-induced loss of a body part,is one of the most extreme forms of defense against *** occurs in a variety of animal taxa,including both vertebrates and invertebrates(Fleming et al.2007).The most commonly seen examples are spiders,lizards,and crustaceans(Emberts et al.2019)(Fig.1).By performing the autotomy behavior,animals can effectively survive predation or non-predatory entrapment,or reduce the cost of injury(Emberts et al.2019;Wuthrich et al.2022).

关键词： scorpion extreme performance

Bird specimen number linked with species trait and climate niche breadth

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Avian Research 2024年第1期15卷 108-115页

作者： Xiaoyu Duan Xiongwei Huang Jingya Zhang Shuo Lv Gang Song Yanping Wang Gang Feng Ministry of Education Key laboratory of ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau&Inner Mongolia Key laboratory of Grassland ecology School of Ecology and EnvironmentInner Mongolia UniversityHohhot010020China Key laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province Institute of OceanologyCollege of Marine SciencesFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou350002China Key laboratory of Zoological Systematics and evolution Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China laboratory of Island Biogeography and Conservation biology College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjing210023China

Biological specimens are fundamental for taxonomy and flora/fauna *** importantly,they also play crucial roles in recording environmental impacts on morphology and behavior,which is vital for biodiversity research and ***,there are few systematic studies on the patterns and drivers of bird specimen number at regional *** study is the first attempt to examine the relationships between bird specimen number and species traits as well as climate niche breadth in China,aiming to answer two questions:1)how do species’temperature niche breadth and precipitation niche breadth influence specimen number?2)which trait is most associated with bird specimen number?The associations between bird specimen number and explanatory variables were examined using ordinary least squares,generalized linear models,phylogenetic generalized linear mixed models,and multiple *** results showed that Muscicapidae was the family with the highest specimen number,and Passeriformes was the order with the highest specimen *** specimen number significantly increased with larger temperature niche breadth and precipitation niche *** number was also positively associated with geographic range size,habitat specificity,hunting vulnerability and clutch size,but negatively associated with body *** findings suggest that future bird specimen collection should pay more attention to birds with limited ecological niches,large body sizes,and small clutch *** research enhances the use of bird specimen data to study and preserve biodiversity.

关键词： Biodiversity conservation Biological specimens Bird traits Scientific collection Specimen number Temperature and precipitation

Toward the generation of pure coral genomes with experimental and bioinformatic improvements

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The Innovation 2024年第4期5卷 30-32页

作者： Yisi Hu Zhiwei Zhang Shuyan Sun Youfang Sun Hui Huang Wenliang Zhou Fuwen Wei Center for evolution and Conservation biology Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou)Guangzhou 511458China Jiangxi Provincial Key laboratory of Conservation biology College of ForestryJiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchang 330029China Key laboratory of Animal ecology and Conservation biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Key laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and ecology South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510301China

Stony corals,the primary architects of coral reef ecosystems,are largely underrepresented in omics studies despite their *** presence of endosymbiotic Symbiodiniaceae algae complicates the extraction of pure coral DNA,posing a challenge for genomic ***,we devised a comprehensive methodological framework that incorporates various experimental treatments to achieve 99%purity in coral DNA extraction and a robust bioinformatics pipeline to guarantee the assembly of high-quality,contamination-free coral *** of our framework using Acropora millepora samples demonstrated its efficacy and superiority in obtaining high-quality pure coral genomes using easily accessible adult *** integrated framework serves as a critical foundation for largescale genome-enabled research on stony corals,providing insight into coral evolution and conservation.

关键词： coral guarantee purity

Comparative DNA methylation reveals epigenetic adaptation to high altitude in snub-nosed monkeys

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Zoological Research 2024年第5期45卷 1013-1026页

作者： Ling Wang Wei-Qiang Liu Juan Du Meng Li Rui-Feng Wu Ming Li Key laboratory of Animal ecology and Conservation biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Center for Excellence in Animal evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650223China

DNA methylation plays a crucial role in environmental ***,using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing,we generated comprehensive genome-wide DNA methylation profiles for the high-altitude Yunnan snub-nosed monkey(Rhinopithecus bieti)and the closely related golden snub-nosed monkey(***).Our findings indicated a slight increase in overall DNA methylation levels in golden snub-nosed monkeys compared to Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys,suggesting a higher prevalence of hypermethylated genomic regions in the *** genomic methylation analysis demonstrated that genes associated with differentially methylated regions were involved in membrane fusion,vesicular formation and trafficking,hemoglobin function,cell cycle regulation,and neuronal *** results suggest that the high-altitude-related epigenetic modifications are extensive,involving a complete adaptation process from the inhibition of single Ca^(2+)channel proteins to multiple proteins collaboratively enhancing vesicular function or inhibiting cell differentiation and *** assays demonstrated that overexpression or down-regulation of candidate genes,such as SNX10,TIMELESS,and CACYBP,influenced cell viability under stress ***,this research suggests that comparing DNA methylation across closely related species can identify novel candidate genomic regions and genes associated with local adaptations,thereby deepening our understanding of the mechanisms underlying environmental adaptations.

关键词： Snub-nosed monkeys Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing DNA methylation High-altitude adaptation

Leaf habit differentiation explains trait tradeoffs across savanna woody plants

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第3期11卷 287-295页

作者： Yangsiding Wang Da Yang German Vargas G. Guangyou Hao Jennifer S.Powers Yan Ke Qin Wang Yunbing Zhang Jiaolin Zhang CAS Key laboratory of Tropical Forest ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan 666303China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Biological Sciences University of UtahSalt Lake CityUT 84112USA CAS Key laboratory of Forest ecology and Management Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China Department of ecology Evolution and BehaviorUniversity of MinnesotaSt PaulMN 55108USA

Identifying how leaf habit subdivisions link to the fast–slow and avoidance–tolerance trait tradeoffs can provide new insight into divergence in ecophysiological strategies among plant functional groups. Here, we tested a hypothesis that the differentiation across deciduous, semi-deciduous and evergreen woody species contributes to physiological trait tradeoffs in a dry-hot valley savanna. We investigated 11 photosynthetic, morphological and hydraulic traits of 24 species including 8 deciduous, 10 semi-deciduous and 6 evergreen species. Deciduous species were grouped in the fast and avoidance side associated with high values of maximum photosynthetic rates,stomatal conductance and leaf size, while evergreen species were grouped in the slow and tolerance side associated with high photosynthetic water use efficiency, leaf mass per area, sapwood density, Huber value, leaf water potential at turgor loss point and water potential causing 50% loss of stem hydraulic conductance. Semideciduous species generally had intermediate trait values and represented different physiological characteristics when compared to deciduous and evergreen species. The physiological trait tradeoffs showed a close linkage to the differentiation of these three leaf habits. Our findings clearly reveal trait tradeoffs related to fast–slow and avoidance–tolerance strategies among diverse savanna plants, suggesting a syndrome in multiple ecophysiology strategies across different leaf habits.

关键词： Dry-hot habitat Gas exchange Hydraulics Phenology Tolerance Valley savanna

Multipartite oil-flower/oil-bee mutualisms involving male-bee-pollinated orchids in tropical Asia

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National Science Review 2024年第5期11卷 105-107页

作者： Meng Zhang Li-Bing Jia Susanne S.Renner Zhi-Xi Tian Xiao-An Wang Jiang-Yun Gao Yi-Bo Luo Antonio J.C.Aguiar Huan-Li Xu Shuang-Quan Huang Institute of evolution and ecology School of Life Sciences Central China Normal University Department of biology Washington University State Key laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan Yunnan University State Key laboratory of Systematic and evolutionary Botany Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Zoology University of Brasília Department of Entomology College of Plant Protection China Agricultural University

Most animal-pollinated flowers offer nectar or pollen as a reward to their pollinators. A small fraction, however, have switched to other rewards, such as fatty oils offered in glandular hairs or just below the epidermis. This type of reward has evolved in some 150 genera in at least 11 families, including South American and African Orchidaceae [1,2]. Oiloffering flowers are exploited by a few hundred species of oil-collecting bees in temperate and tropical biomes on all continents except Antarctica [1,2]. Oil bees depend obligatorily on floral oil for cell lining and as larval food [3,4], which is why oil collecting usually is confined to female bees.

关键词： CTENOPLECTRINI HYMENOPTERA DENDROBIUM APIDAE

Genome editing in plants using the TnpB transposase system

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aBIOTECH 2024年第2期5卷 225-230页

作者： Qi Li Yongqiang Wang Zhuoting Hou Hang Zong Xuping Wang Yong EZhang Haoyi Wang Haitao Chen Wen Wang Kang Duan School of ecology and Environment Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710129China Sanjie Institute of Forage Yangling 712100China Key laboratory of Zoological Systematics and evolution Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China State Key laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

The widely used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease(Cas)system is thought to have evolved from IS200/IS605 *** proteins,encoded by one type of IS200/IS605 transposon,are considered to be the evolutionary ancestors of Cas12 nucleases,which have been engineered to function as RNA-guided DNA endonucleases for genome editing in bacteria and human *** nucleases,which are smaller than Cas nucleases,have been engineered for use in genome editing in animal systems,but the feasibility of this approach in plants remained ***,we obtained stably transformed genome-edited mutants in rice(Oryza sativa)by adapting three recently identified TnpB genome editing vectors,encoding distinct TnpB nucleases(ISAam1,ISDra2,and ISYmu1),for use in plants,demonstrating that the hypercompact TnpB proteins can effectively edit plant ***2 and ISYmu1 precisely edited their target sequences,with no off-target mutations detected,showing that TnpB transposon nucleases are suitable for development into a new genome editing tool for *** modifications improving the genome-editing efficiency of the TnpB system will facilitate plant functional studies and breeding programs.

关键词： ISAam1 ISDra2 ISYmu1 Plant genome editing Rice TnpB transposon endonuclease