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Science China Earth Sciences 2014年第6期57卷 988-998页

作者： HOU SuKuan DENG Tao HE Wen CHEN ShanQin Key laboratory of Vertebrate evolution and human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of Sciences Hezheng Paleozoological Museum

The skull and mandible of a Late Miocene fossil pig,Chleuastochoerus,are compared morphologically with those of extant pigs and peccaries,and subjected to a functional *** presence of a rostral bone in the skull and relatively strong rostral muscles indicates that Chleuastochoerus possessed considerable digging ability,though the relatively narrow occipital surface and the shortness of the skull would have restricted the range of motion through which the skull could be *** distinctive pre-zygomatic plate and over-canine arch-niche may have played a role in protecting the skull and canines during *** massive masticatory muscles,reconstructed based on well-developed parietal and zygomatic crests,would have enabled the mouth to close quickly and contributed to moving the mandible both longitudinally and *** configuration of the cranio-mandibular joint and its relatively high position show clearly that Chleuastochoerus was capable of both crushing and grinding movements during *** comparatively simple structure of the crown surfaces of the cheek teeth suggests that the food of Chleuastochoerus may have been softer than that of extant *** diet of Chleuastochoerus is postulated to fall between those of true forest pigs and open habitat pigs,and the habitat of Chleuastochoerus to be relatively humid forest edge or nearby areas of open steppe.

关键词： Suidae Late Miocene Linxia Basin morpho-functional analysis foraging behavior

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Late Pleistocene spore-pollen record and climatic change at the Chongphadae Cave Site,Democratic People's Republic of Korea

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2023年第4期12卷 624-636页

作者： Se Chan Kim Rye Sun Choe Il Nam Kim Chol U Ryong Il Kang Institute of human evolution and Development History Faculty of HistoryKim Il Sung UniversityTaesong DistrictPyongyangDemocratic People's Republic of Korea

We present a detailed pollen record and interpretations of late Pleistocene climatic change at the Chongphadae Cave Site, Democratic People's Republic of Korea. The mean annual paleotemperature and mean annual paleoprecipitation of the site were calculated using the temperature index and precipitation index based on ecological features and geographical distribution of each taxon. Temperature index and precipitation index range from 8.8℃ to 10.4℃ and from 805.0 mm to 963.1 mm, respectively. Four dates(radiocarbon, uranium series, fission track, and paleomagnetic excursion dating) of the deposit profile investigated yield a range of ~21.3 ka BP to ~117 ka BP, geochronologically corresponding to the late Pleistocene, and extend from the last interglacial highstand through the Last Glacial Maximum. Our results are thus consistent with the climatic shift from interglacial to glacial conditions, provide evidence that the environments of the region, which was reconstructed from the paleoclimatic index, changed from a mild and humid to a cool and dry climate during the late Pleistocene, and suggest trends similar to those of several parts of the Northern Hemisphere which lie in the same latitudinal zone as our study area.

关键词： Chongphadae cave Pollen Climatic change Late Pleistocene Mean annual temperature Mean annual precipitation

Neogene integrative stratigraphy,biotas,and paleogeographical evolution of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第4期67卷 1326-1359页

作者： Tao DENG Xiaomin FANG Qiang LI Shiqi WANG Feixiang WU Sukuan HOU Jiao MA Qigao JIANGZUO Danhui SUN Yan ZHENG Qinqin SHI Boyang SUN Lu LI Key laboratory of Vertebrate evolution and human Origins Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Beijing 100044China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences and Key laboratory of Continental Collision and Plateau Uplift Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Key laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal evolution School of Earth and Space SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

The remarkable uplift of the Tibetan Plateau in the Neogene had great impacts on the climate and environment of East Asia and even the ***,establishment of the Neogene stratigraphic framework of the Tibetan Plateau is of great significance to research in various fields of *** on marine sediments,the international chronostratigraphic system of the Neogene is divided into six stages in the Miocene and two stages in the *** the beginning of the Cenozoic,the share of terrestrial strata on continents has increased *** the Neogene,it had far exceeded that of marine strata,and almost all deposits on the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas were terrestrial *** China,the Miocene includes five stages and the Pliocene includes two *** for the Tunggurian of the Miocene,which has a lower boundary at 15 Ma,the other stages have the same paleomagnetic definitions and time intervals as the corresponding international marine *** fossils play a very important role in the division and correlation of Cenozoic terrestrial strata,and rodent,carnivore,proboscidean,perissodactyl and artiodactyl fossils are especially important in Neogene terrestrial *** are many basins with well-exposed strata and abundant mammalian fossils in the Tibetan *** lower boundary stratotype sections of the Neogene Xiejian and Bahean stages are located respectively in the Xining and Linxia basins,and there are precise paleomagnetic dates in coordination with mammalian *** lower boundary stratotypes of other stages can also be effectively determined in the Tibetan *** first appearing mammalian genera in East Asia also appeared in the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas,especially in the Linxia Basin on the northeast margin and in the Siwaliks on the southwest *** them,Prodeinotherium first appeared at the bottom of the Miocene in the Siwaliks,and the earliest Hipparion of the Old

关键词： Tibetan Plateau Neogene Terrestrial stratum Mammalian fossil Paleomagnetism

On the founder effect in COVID-19 outbreaks:how many infected travelers may have started them all?

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National Science Review 2021年第1期8卷 30-39页

作者： Yongsen Ruan Zhida Luo Xiaolu Tang Guanghao Li Haijun Wen Xionglei He Xuemei Lu Jian Lu Chung-I Wu State Key laboratory of Biocontrol School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-sen University State Key laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research Center for Bioinformatics School of Life SciencesPeking University CAS Key laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine Beijing Institute of Genomics Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key laboratory of Genetic Resources and evolution Kunming Institute of ZoologyCenter for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of Sciences

How many incoming travelers（I;at time 0, equivalent to the ‘founders’ in evolutionary genetics） infected with SARS-CoV-2 who visit or return to a region could have started the epidemic of that region? I;would be informative about the initiation and progression of epidemics. To obtain I;, we analyze the genetic divergence among viral populations of different regions. By applying the ‘individual-output’ model of genetic drift to the SARS-CoV-2 diversities, we obtain I; 0） or the fitness of the variants. With such a tiny trickle of human movement igniting many outbreaks, the crucial stage of repressing an epidemic in any region should,therefore, be the very first sign of local contagion when positive cases first become identifiable. The implications of the highly ‘portable’ epidemics, including their early evolution prior to any outbreak, are explored in the companion study（Ruan et al., personal communication）.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 population genetics genetic drift founder effect

Northeastern Asia humidification at the end of the Miocene drives the boost of mammalian dispersals from the Old to New World

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2023年第1期12卷 50-68页

作者： Qigao Jiangzuo Shi-Qi Wang Key laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal evolution School of Earth and Space SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Key laboratory of Vertebrate evolution and human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100871China CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Beijing 100871China Division of Paleontology American Museum of Natural HistoryNew YorkNY 10024-5102USA

Mammals have high dispersal ability,and many lineages can spread across the continents when a landbridge ***,we summarize the dispersal of mammals between the Old and New World at the end of the *** analysis suggested that the three phases of dispersal represented the largest dispersal tide during the Neogene,and the direction of dispersal is dominated by being from the Old to New *** from the components that crossed the dispersal corridor,the Arctic environment near the Beringia corridor in the first phase(~7.5 Ma)is a mixed environment,and in the second phase(~6.5 Ma)is an open environment,and in the third phase(~5.8 Ma and continue to the Pliocene)is a wooded(closed)environment.A clear trend of eastern Asian humidification driven by Asian monsoon and the global C4 grassland expansion explain this dispersal *** boost of mammalian dispersals is controlled by the heterogeneity of environmental changes in different continents.

关键词： Eastern asia North America Carnivora Dispersal Late miocene

New progress in understanding the origins of modern humans in China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2017年第12期60卷 2160-2170页

作者： GAO Xing PENG Fei FU QiaoMei LI Feng Key laboratory of Vertebrate evolution and human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044 University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology University of TubingenTubingen 72070Germany

Hypotheses concerning the origins of modern humans have been intensively debated, and two competing models, the recent "Out-of-Africa" and "Multiregional evolution" paradigms, have dominated research and discussions for decades. Evidence from China has played a fundamental role in this debate: regional continuity and replacement by populations in-migrated from Africa have both been suggested and supported mainly by paleoanthropologists and geneticists, respectively. As more evidence has accumulated, new results obtained, and more scholars from various disciplines become involved, supporters of the recent "Out-of-Africa" model agree more or less with the "Multiregional evolution" model regarding the complex history of modern humans and their interbreeding with other archaic populations(e.g., Neandertals). Recent discoveries of new human fossils, Paleolithic archaeological materials, and ancient DNA evidence in China have yielded a large body of information regarding the formation and development of modern humans in this region. However, controversies continue, including that most molecular biologists insist on the replacement of archaic populations by modern humans dispersed from Africa, while most paleoanthropologists and archaeologists propose an enhanced "Continuity with Hybridization" model. In this paper, we compile new results and progress in China and present the current debates and issues on the origins of modern humans. Finally, we offer several suggestions for future studies.

关键词： China Origins of modern humans Modern behavior Recent out-of-Africa Continuity with hybridization Interdisciplinary research

Holocene vegetation succession and responses to climate change in the northern sector of Northeast China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2016年第7期59卷 1390-1400页

作者： ZHAO Chao LI XiaoQiang ZHOU XinYing ZHAO KeLiang YANG Qing Key laboratory of Vertebrate evolution and human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Geography Science Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China

Sediment pollen samples from the Huola Basin in the northern sector of northeast China, and surface pollen samples from its environs, were analyzed to reconstruct accurately the historical response of vegetation to climate change since 9100 cal yr BP. Pollen analysis of the Huola Section indicates that vegetation experienced a transformation from early-mid Holocene warm-cold mixed vegetation to late Holocene cold-temperate vegetation. From 9100 to 6000 cal yr BP, the study area was warmer and moister than at present, developing Corylus, Carpinus, Pinus, Picea, Betula and Larix-dominated forests. Two cooling events at 6000–5000 and 3500–2500 cal yr BP led to a decrease in Corylus, Carpinus and other warmth-loving vegetation, whereas cold temperate forests composed of Larix and Betula expanded. After 2500 cal yr BP, Larix and Betula dominated cold-temperate vegetated landscapes. The Holocene warm period in NE China(9100–6000 cal yr BP) suggests that such warming could have resulted in a strengthening of the influence from East Asian Summer Monsoon on northernmost NE China and would have benefited the development of warm-temperate forest vegetation and an improved plant load, which also provides the similarity model for the possible global warming in the future.

关键词： Holocene Vegetation responses Cold temperate forest Northeast China

Neolithic millet farmers contributed to the permanent settlement of the Tibetan Plateau by adopting barley agriculture

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National Science Review 2019年第5期6卷 1005-1013页

作者： Yu-Chun Li Jiao-Yang Tian Feng-Wen Liu Bin-Yu Yang Kang-Shu-Yun Gu Zia Ur Rahman Li-Qin Yang Fa-Hu Chen Guang-Hui Dong Qing-Peng Kong State Key laboratory of Genetic Resources and evolution/Key laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS Center for Excellence in Animal evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of Sciences Key laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education) Lanzhou University CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences and Key laboratory of Alpine Ecology Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research(ITPCAS) Chinese Academy of Sciences

The permanent human settlement of the Tibetan Plateau(TP) has been suggested to have been facilitated by the introduction of barley agriculture ～3.6 kilo-years ago(ka).However, how barley agriculture spread onto the TP remains *** that the lower altitudes in the northeastern TP were occupied by millet cultivators from 5.2 ka, who also adopted barley farming ～4 ka, it is highly possible that it was millet farmers who brought barley agriculture onto the TP ～3.6 *** test this hypothesis, we analyzed mitochondrial DNA(mt DNA) from 8277 Tibetans and 58 514 individuals from surrounding populations,including 682 newly sequenced whole *** lines of evidence, together with radiocarbon dating of cereal remains at different elevations, supports the scenario that two haplogroups(M9a1a1c1b1a and A11a1a), which are common in contemporary Tibetans(20.9%) and were probably even more common(40–50%) in early Tibetans prior to historical immigrations to the TP, represent the genetic legacy of the Neolithic millet *** haplogroups originated in northern China between 10.0–6.0 ka and differentiated in the ancestors of modern Tibetans ～5.2–4.0 ka, matching the dispersal history of millet *** showing that substantial genetic components in contemporary Tibetans can trace their ancestry back to the Neolithic millet farmers, our study reveals that millet farmers adopted and brought barley agriculture to the TP ～3.6–3.3 ka, and made an important contribution to the Tibetan gene pool.

关键词： Tibetans millet farmers barley agriculture archaeology mitochondrial genomes

Snub-nosed monkeys(Rhinopithecus spp.)： conservation challenges in the face of environmental uncertainty

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Science Bulletin 2016年第5期61卷 345-348页

作者： Peng Zhang Kaijin Hu Bin Yang Danhe Yang Anthropology Department School of Sociology and Anthropology Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275 China Key laboratory for human evolution and Archaeometry of Guangdong Province Guangzhou 510275 China Institute of Zoology Shaanxi Academy of Sciences Xi'an 710032 China

The genus of snub-nosed monkey comprises five species that are only distributed in very limited areas in China,Vietnam and *** snub-nosed monkey(Rhinopithecus avunculus)is endemic to northern Viet-

关键词：川金丝猴不确定性 spp 护面环境越南北部民族自豪感社会生态学

Inter-Regional Comparisons on the Quaternary Large Mammalian Faunas between China and Sub-Saharan Africa

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2011年第1期85卷 91-106页

作者： TONG Haowen HU Nan LIU Jinyi Ronald CLARKE Key laboratory of evolutionary Systematics of Vertebrates Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Institute for human evolution University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg 2193 South Africa

The current and dominant theory about the origin of modern humans is the out-of-Africa hypothesis, which asserts that populations of Homo sapiens left Africa 100,000 years ago and replaced indigenous populations of humans in Eurasia. Many scholars equated the out-of-Africa dispersal of humans with paleoenvironmental changes. However, until now, few have paid special attention to the faunal data and whether or not faunal patterns are supportive of the popular theory. Recent comparative study of the Chinese fauna shows that the communication of faunas between Africa and East Asia could have occurred during the Neogene, but it was very limited during the Pleistocene. In the Chinese Quaternary fauna, only 16% of the genera are also present in the sub-Saharan African fauna. There is also no element among the dominant taxa of the Chinese Quaternary fauna which can be related to the African fauna. There is no reliable proof for the existence of Hippopotamus and Giraffa, as well as Panthera leo, during the Quaternary in China. Two controversial taxa are Acinonyx and Crocuta, about which there is still argument concerning their species identification in Eurasia. It is possible that both of the genera have co-specific taxa in Africa and Eurasia. Although the two genera are confined to Africa today, they did have a long evolutionary history in China. For the Out of Africa hypothesis for Homo sapiens, the implications of the limited faunal interchanges between China and Africa are not completely clear yet.

关键词： large mammals faunal comparisons Quaternary out of Africa theory Sub-SaharanAfrica China