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Technology diffusion and population migration reflected in blade technologies in northern China in the Late Pleistocene

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Science China Earth Sciences 2016年第8期59卷 1540-1553页

作者： LI Feng CHEN FuYou WANG YingHua GAO Xing Key laboratory of Vertebrate evolution and human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China Inner Mongolia Museum Hohhot 010010 China

In recent years, the origin and evolution of modern human behaviors have become a common topic of research in Paleolithic archaeology. One important part of modern human behavior, blade technology, was once thought to be unique to modern humans. Recent studies have suggested that variations in blade technology do not fully correspond to modern populations. However, the standardization, diversity, discontinuity in terms of time distribution, and differences in spatial distribution of blade technology give it an important role in discussions of modes of adaptation, diffusion of technology, and population migration of hominins. By categorizing the major blade assemblages in China, we show that there were two blade reduction methods in northern China: the Levallois method and the prismatic method. Dating back 40000–30000 years, the Levallois and prismatic blade method combined to form the characteristics of the early stage of the Upper Paleolithic. Artifacts bearing such characteristics are located in Northwest China, Northeast China, and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The unearthed blades are similar in technological organization and are connected geographically with those discovered in Siberia and Mongolia, which also indicates a distinct border from those discovered in northern China. This fact is suggestive of population immigration. About 29000–25000 years ago, a combination of prismatic blades and microblades was developed in the hinterland of China; however whether it can be regarded as the representative of population migration or only a technological adaption remains undetermined. We suggest that the system of production of different blades should be distinguished in the study of blade assemblages and that different blade methods should not be integrated into a single technical system to discuss technology diffusion and population dispersal.

关键词： North China Late Pleistocene Blade technology Technology diffusion human migration

Cretaceous basin evolution in northeast Asia:tectonic responses to the paleo-Pacific plate subduction

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National Science Review 2022年第1期9卷 144-161页

作者： Qing-Ren Meng Zhong-He Zhou Ri-Xiang Zhu Yi-Gang Xu Zheng-Tang Guo State Key laboratory of Lithospheric evolution Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Innovation Academy for Earth Science Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key laboratory of Vertebrate evolution and human Origins Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Key laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences

Cretaceous rift basin evolution was an important part of the tectonic history of northeast Asia in the late *** types of rift basins are identified—active,passive and wide rift basins—and they developed in different *** rift basins in the eastern North China craton are thought to be the consequence of crustal stretching and passive asthenospheric *** rift basins in the eastern Central Asian orogen are assumed to originate from gravitational collapse of the thickened and heated orogenic *** rift basins in the northern North China craton are attributed to uprising of asthenospheric materials along a lithospheric-scale tear *** tearing of the sub ducting paleo-Pacific plate is postulated and well explains the spatial distribution of different types of rift basins and the eastward shifting of magmatism in the northern North China *** Late Cretaceous witnessed a period of mild deformation and weak magmatism,which was possibly due to kinematic variation of the paleo-Pacific plate.

关键词： NE Asia Cretaceous rift basin volcanism paleo-Pacific plate

Holocene vegetation change in relation to fire and volcanic events in Jilin, Northeastern China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2015年第8期58卷 1404-1419页

作者： ZHAO HongLi LI XiaoQiang Valerie A.HALL State Key laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences laboratory of Vertebrate evolution and human Origins Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of Sciences School of Geography Archaeology and Palaeoecology Queen's University Belfast

Volatiles erupted from large-scale explosive volcanic activities have a significant impact on climate and environmental *** an important ecological factor,the occurrence of fire is affected by vegetation cover,and fire can feed back into both vegetation and climatic *** causes of fire events are diverse;and can include volcanic *** amount of charcoal in sediment sequences is related to the frequency and intensity of fire,and hence under good preservation conditions fire history can be reconstructed from fossil charcoal *** now,little research on the role of fire has been carried out in northeastern *** this study,through research on charcoal and tephra shards from Gushantun and Hanlongwan,Holocene vegetation change in relation to fire and volcanic events in Jilin,Northeastern China,was *** tephra shards are present in Gushantun it is associated with low level of both conifers and broadleaved trees,and is also associated with a pronounced charcoal *** suggests forest cover was greatly reduced from a fire caused by an eruption of the Tianchi *** also detected one tephra layer in Hanlongwan,which also has the almost same depth with low level forest pollen values and one charcoal *** was caused probably by an eruption of the Jinlongdingzi volcano.

关键词： Holocene vegetation change fire history tephra shards volcanic events Northeastern China

Reconstructing vegetation and climate in the Nihewan Basinr North China,during the middle Pleistocene(〜603-587 ka)to trace the evolution of human environments

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2021年第3期14卷 372-383页

作者： Yun Zhu Yi-Feng Yao Qi Wei David K.Ferguson Yu-Fei Wang State Key laboratory of Systematic and evolutionary Botany Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China Univcrsity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China lKey laboratory of Vertebrate evolution and human Origin of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China University of Vienna Institute of PalaeontologyVienna A-1090Austria

Aims The Nihewan Basin of North China,considered the cradle of Eastern civilization,contains a set of late Cenozoic strata and artifacts used by Homo ereettvs in the early Pleistocene(〜1.66 Ma to 780 ka)and the cranial bones and teeth of early *** from the late middle Pleistocene(~370 to 260 ka).Palynological studies provide an opportunity to explore the living environment of early *** Ralynological samples from the Hutouliang Section(-603-587 ka)of the Xiaodukou Formation of the Nihewan Basin were treated by heavy liquid *** on the palynological assemblages from the section,vegetation and climate in the Nihewan Basin were *** Findings The dynamic vegetation changed from temperate needle-and broad-leaved mixed forest-steppe(mainly Picea,Abies,Betula,luglans,Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae)to conifer forest(mainly Pinus,Picea and Abies),which saw the replacement of *** by early *** comparison of the Nihewan Basin with other human sites around the world during the same period reveals that early humans preferred to live in caves,accompanied by relatively open steppe or forest-steppe environments,inhabited by numerous ***,it is inferred that the emergence of dense conifer forest and the disappearance of open steppe environments in the Nihewan Basin at approximately 603-587 ka provide new evidence that early humans followed most mammals to steppe or forest-steppe environments and thus left the Nihewan *** new findings not only enrich our knowledge of early human behavior,such as their diet,migration and settlement,but also fill in gaps in paleovegetation and paleoenvironmental research in the Nihewan Basin during the middle Pleistocene(780-400 ka).

关键词： early human human evolution living environment spores and pollen paleoecology

An Asian origin for Sinomastodon(Proboscidea, Gomphotheriidae) inferred from a new Upper Miocene specimen from Gansu of China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2014年第10期57卷 2522-2531页

作者： WANG ShiQi ZHAO DeSi XIE GuangPu SUN BoYang Key laboratory of Vertebrate evolution and human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Gansu Industrial Occupational Technology College Gansu Provincial Museum

We report a fossil specimen referable to Sinomastodontinae gen. et sp. indet, from the Neogene strata at Yanghecun locality, Xihe County, Gansu Province, China. The specimen is characterized by a brevirostrine mandible, complete pretrite trefoils, and relatively simple posttfite half lophids, showing typical features of Sinomastodon. It differs from the other known species of Sinomastodon by the following features： relatively short and wide m3 due to fewer lophid numbers, less inflated pretrite ac- cessory central conules, poorly developed secondary trefoils and cementum, and relatively strong cingulid. All of these fea- tures indicate a bias towards pleisiomorphies of Sinomastodon, implying that this specimen is more ancestral than any known species of Sinomastodon. The symphysis of the new specimen is relatively long, which differs from the typical brevirostrine Sinomastodon, and thus we consider it a gen. et sp. indet, in the Subfamily Sinomastodontinae. In addition, the horizon in which the present specimen was found probably represents the Upper Miocene because it is lower than Pliocene strata yielding Hipparion （Proboscidipparon） pater. Generally, Sinomastodon is considered to have migrated from North America at about the time of the Miocene/Pliocene boundary, and to have been derived from a certain clade of American gomphotheres. However, the discovery of the Yanghecun specimen verifies that Sinomastodon lived in East Asia during the Late Miocene, and probably derived from Old World gomphotheres （e.g., G. wimani）. The similarity between the members of the Subfamilies Sinomastodontinae and those of Cuvieroniinae is suggested to have been the result of parallel evolution.

关键词： Sinomastodon gomphotheres Sinomastodontinae Cuvieroniinae East Asia biostratigraphy

Preliminary attempt to distinguish the domesticated pigs from wild boars by the methods of carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis

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Science China Earth Sciences 2009年第1期52卷 85-92页

作者： Michael P.RICHARDS Department of human evolution Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyDeutscher Platz 6D-04103LeipzigGermany

Despite great achievements in the origins of domestic pigs made by the methods of zooarchaeology and molecular biology,how to scientifically distinguish the domesticated pigs from wild boars during the early stage of pig domestication is still poorly *** to wild boar's diets which come from the natural environment,the diets of domestic pigs are more easily influenced by human feeding ***,in principle,exploration of the dietary differences among pigs and understanding the impact on pig diets fed by humans can have great potential to differentiate between wild boars and domesticated *** reveal dietary differences among pigs and distinguish the domesticated pigs from wild boars based on comparison with the diets of humans and other animals,we analyzed the carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes of human bones from Xiaojingshan Site and animal bones from Yuezhuang Site,both of which belong to Houli Culture in Shandong Province and date to about 8500―7500 years *** mean δ 13C value((-17.8 ± 0.3)‰) and δ 15N value((9.0±0.6)‰) in human collagen indicate that although millet agriculture began it was not the main subsistence strategy as millets are typical of C4 plants and that humans made a living mainly by gathering,hunting or raising some domesticated *** δ 13C value(-16.1‰) and δ 15N value(6.9‰) in the bovine suggest that C3 plants were dominant in its diet with some C4 plants *** fish has lower δ 13C value(-24.9‰) and higher δ 15N value(8.8‰) than the bovine,which is the characteristic of the isotopic values from Eurasian freshwater *** on the differences in carbon and nitrogen isotope values,the pigs can be divided into three groups.A group,composed of two pigs,has low δ 13C values(-18.1‰,-20.0‰) and low δ 15N values(4.7‰,6.0‰).B group,only one pig,has the highest δ 13C value(-10.6‰) and mediate δ 15N value(6.4‰).As for the C group,also only one pig,low δ 13C value(-19.0‰) and the highest δ 15N value(9.1‰

关键词： origins of domestic pigs early stage of domestication differentiation of domesticated pigs from wild boars carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis millet agriculture

The depositional Environment at Shuidonggou Locality 2 in Northwest China at ～72-18 kaBP

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2012年第6期86卷 1539-1546页

作者： LIU Decheng GAO Xing LIU Enfa PEI Shuwen CHEN Fuyou ZHANG Shuqin Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthtopology the Laboratory of Human EvolutionChinese Academy of Sciences The Fourth Geological Exploration Institute of Henan Geology and Mineral Bureau Research Center of Paleontology&Stratigraphy Jilin University

Shuidonggou site has abundant Paleolithic remains of Late Pleistocene deposition. Studying the evolution of depositional environments is essential to the comprehensive understanding of the living conditions of ancient populations. To reconstruct the depositional environment at Shuidonggou, we carried out archaeological excavations and collected systematic deposition samples at the key position of Shuidonggou Locality 2 for grain size analysis and sporopollen statistics. The environmental evolution around the Shuidonggou site generally underwent four stages at ~72-18 kaBP. During the first stage （~72-41 kaBP）, the river developed with gravel and sand stratums. During the second stage （41-34 kaBP）, a swamp with numerous aquatic plants formed. In the third stage （34-29 kaBP）, site formation was characterized by shallow lake depositional conditions; the climate was relatively warm and humid. The marginal bank depositional conditions deteriorated during the fourth stage （29-18 kaBP）, and the site underwent several dry events; the climate also became drier and colder.

关键词： Shuidonggou site depositional environment grain size sporopollen Upper Paleolithic

Dinosaur-associated Poaceae epidermis and phytoliths from the Early Cretaceous of China

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National Science Review 2018年第5期5卷 721-727页

作者： Yan Wu Hai-Lu You Xiao-Qiang Li Key laboratory of Vertebrate evolution and human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of Sciences CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment College of Earth Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Grasses(Poaceae) are human’s most important crop plants and among the most important extant clades of vascular plants. However, the origin and early evolution of grasses are controversial, with estimated ages from molecular dating ranging between 59 and 129 Ma(million years ago). Here we report the discovery of basalmost grasses from the late Early Cretaceous(Albian, 113-101 Ma) of China based on microfossils(silicified epidermal pieces and phytoliths) extracted from a special structure along the dentition of a basal hadrosauroid(duck-billed dinosaur). Thus, this discovery represents the earliest known grass fossils, and is congruent with previous estimations on grass origin and early evolution calibrated by oldest known fossil grasses, highlighting the role of fossils in molecular dating. This discovery also indicates deep-diverging grasses probably gained broad distribution across both Laurasian and Gondwanan continents during the Barremian(129-125 Ma).

关键词： Poaceae dinosaur phytolith epidermis Early Cretaceous

Perspectives on the origin of microfilaments, microtubules, the relevant chaperonin system and cytoskeletal motors- a commentary on the spiro chaete origin of flagella

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Cell Research 2003年第4期13卷 219-227页

作者： JING YAN LI, CHUAN FEN WUlaboratory of Cellular and Molecular evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China Department of Molecular Genetics, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA laboratory of Cellular and Molecular evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China

The origin of cytoskeleton and the origin of relevant intracellular transportation system are big problems for understanding the emergence of eukaryotic cells. The present article summarized relevant information of evidences and molecular traces on the origin of actin, tubulin, the chaperonin system for folding them, myosins, kinesins, axonemal dyneins and cytoplasmic dyneins. On this basis the authors proposed a series of works, which should be done in the future, and indicated the ways for reaching the targets. These targets are mainly: 1) the reconstruction of evolutionary path from MreB protein of archaeal ancestor of eukaryotic cells to typical actin; 2) the finding of the MreB or MreB-related proteins in crenarchaea and using them to examine J. A. Lake’s hypothesis on the origin of eukaryote from 'eocytes' (crenarchaea); 3) the examinations of the existence and distribution of cytoskeleton made of MreB-related protein within coccoid archaea, especially in amoeboid archaeon Thermoplasm acidophilum;

关键词： origin actin tubulin motor proteins Bagella and cilia spirochaete hypothesis.