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Brain developmental and cortical connectivity changes in transgenic monkeys carrying the human-specific duplicated gene SRGAP2C

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National Science Review 2023年第11期10卷 45-60页

作者： Xiaoyu Meng Qiang Lin Xuerui Zeng Jin Jiang Min Li Xin Luo Kaimin Chen Haixu Wu Yan Hu Cirong Liu Bing Su State Key laboratory of Genetic Resources and evolution Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of Sciences National Resource Center for Non-human Primates Kunming Primate Research Centerand National Research Facility for Phenotypic and Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility)Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of Sciences Kunming College of Life Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology Institute of NeuroscienceCAS Key Laboratory of Primate NeurobiologyChinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Animal evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of Sciences

human-specific duplicated genes contributed to phenotypic innovations during the origin of our own species, such as an enlarged brain and highly developed cognitive abilities. While prior studies on transgenic mice carrying the human-specific SRGAP2C gene have shown enhanced brain connectivity, the relevance to humans remains unclear due to the significant evolutionary gap between humans and rodents. In this study,to investigate the phenotypic outcome and underlying genetic mechanism of SRGAP2C, we generated transgenic cynomolgus macaques(Macaca fascicularis) carrying the human-specific SRGAP2C *** MRI imaging revealed delayed brain development with region-specific volume changes,accompanied by altered myelination levels in the temporal and occipital regions. On a cellular level, the transgenic monkeys exhibited increased deep-layer neurons during fetal neurogenesis and delayed synaptic maturation in adolescence. Moreover, transcriptome analysis detected neotenic expression in molecular pathways related to neuron ensheathment, synaptic connections, extracellular matrix and energy metabolism. Cognitively, the transgenic monkeys demonstrated improved motor planning and execution skills. Together, our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms by which the newly evolved gene shapes the unique development and circuitry of the human brain.

关键词： transgenic monkey brain evolution brain development neurogenesis neoteny

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Transition of human diets and agricultural economy in Shenmingpu Site, Henan, from the Warring States to Han Dynasties

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Science China Earth Sciences 2012年第6期55卷 975-982页

作者： HOU LiangLiang WANG Ning Lu Peng HU YaoWu SONG GuoDing WANG ChangSui laboratory of human evolution Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China Department of Scientific History and Archaeometry Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Instztute oJ Archaeology Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Beijing 100710 China

Historical records and archaeological remains indicate that the Chinese agricultural economy changed significantly from the Warring States （475-221 BC） to Han Dynasties （206 BC-220 AD）, i.e., from rice-millet based agriculture to rice-millet-wheat based agriculture. However, the variation of human diets and the inner relationship between human diets and the agricultural transition during this period remain poorly understood. In this paper, the C and N stable isotopes from human and animal bones at the Shenmingpu site （SMPS）, Xichuan County, Henan Province were analyzed. If some outliers （M34, M36, M102） were excluded, the mean δ13C value （（-16.7±0.8）‰, n=15） of humans in Hart Dynasties was dramatically lower than that in the Warring States （（-12.7±0.8）‰, n=14）, indicating that the cultivation of rice and wheat, especially wheat, had been more widely popularized in Han Dynasties. Meanwhile, the range of 615N values of humans （6.6‰-9.3‰） in Hart Dynasties was narrower than that of the Warring States （6.2‰-10.4‰）, suggesting that the animal protein resources in human foods during Han Dynasties were more concentrated. The transition of human diets and the close relationship with the change of agricultural economy in SMPS were due to more stable society, the carryout of new agricultural policies, and the emergence of new agri- cultural tools in Han Dynasties.

关键词： Shenmingpu site the Warring States to Han Dynasties C and N stable isotopes palaeodiet

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Ecological civilization: China's effort to build a shared future for all life on Earth

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National Science Review 2021年第7期8卷 8-12页

作者： Fuwen Wei Shuhong Cui Ning Liu Jiang Chang Xiaoge Ping Tianxiao Ma Jing Xu Ronald R.Swaisgood Harvey Locke CAS Key laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for evolution and Conservation Biology Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) Center for Excellence in Animal evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beyond the Aichi Targets Task Force IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas

After hundreds of years of technological revolution and rapid development, humanity has reached a moment of crisis in its relationship with nature [1]. To find better solutions to address global challenges, holistic thinking is required to integrate environmental goals with human activities. Some of these approaches include sustainable development (SD), the planetary boundaries (PB) and, in China,ecological civilization (EC) based on the unity of nature and man (UNM)[2].

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Effects of age, sex and manual task on hand preference in wild Rhinopithecus roxellana

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Zoological Research 2019年第2期40卷 129-138页

作者： Wei-Wei Fu Xiao-Wei Wang Cheng-Liang Wang Hai-Tao Zhao Yi Ren Bao-Guo Li Shaanxi Key laboratory for Animal Conservation Shaanxi Institute of Zoology Shaanxi Key laboratory for Animal Conservation College of Life Sciences Northwest University Center for Excellence in Animal evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of Sciences

Golden snub-nosed monkeys(Rhinopithecus roxellana),as typical arboreal group-living Old World monkeys,provide an appropriate animal model to research manual laterality and explore the factors affecting hand preference in non-human primates(NHP).This study investigated hand preference based on63 subjects and four spontaneous manual tasks(including unimanual and bimanual feeding and grooming), and assessed the effects of age, gender and type of task on handedness in R. roxellana.A population-level left-handedness was found not only in the bimanual coordinated tasks(bimanual feeding and grooming), but also in one unimanual reaching task(unimanual feeding). There were no significant differences between the sexes in either direction or strength of hand preference among any task. However, a significant difference between adults and juveniles was found in the unimanual feeding task. This is the first report on handedness in unimanual and bimanual feeding tasks that require bipedal posture in wild R. roxellana. Furthermore,this study demonstrated spontaneous feeding tasks reported previously only in the quadrupedal posture in this species, supporting the importance of factors such as posture and task complexity in the evolution of primate manual lateralization.

关键词： Handedness Unimanual reaching Bimanual coordination Sex Age

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A Positive Correlation between Elevated Altitude and Frequency of Mutant Alleles at the EPAS1 and HBB Loci in Chinese Indigenous Dogs

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2015年第4期42卷 173-177页

作者： Ruoxi Fan Fei Liu Hong Wu Shifang Wu Chunling Zhu Yan Li Guodong Wang Yaping Zhang laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources Yunnan University State Key laboratory of Genetic Resources and evolution and Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic AnimalsKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of Sciences

Hypoxia represents one of the most extreme environmental conditions for both human beings and animals living at high al- titudes （Zhao et al., 2009）. Over the past few years, great attention has been focused on the genetic bases of adaption to high-altitude environments （Bigham et al., 2010; Simonson et al., 2010）. The domestic dog （Canisfamiliaris） is the first animal that developed an intimate relationship with human beings. Dogs migrated with human beings and have adapted to variety of ecological niches （Savolainen et al., 2002）. Our previous research revealed parallel evolution and convergent evolution in the adaptation of dogs and humans to the high-altitude environment of the Tibetan plateau （Wang et al., 2013, 2014）, suggesting that exploring the adaption of domestic dogs to high-altitude hypoxia is an interesting and important question.

关键词： HBB PAS A Positive Correlation between Elevated Altitude and Frequency of Mutant Alleles at the EPAS1 and HBB Loci in Chinese Indigenous Dogs

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Pottery lipid analysis at the Shangzhai site,Beijing,and its implication for subsistence strategy

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Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第8期66卷 1789-1797页

作者： Nanning LYU Tao WANG Jincheng YU Huiyun RAO Bin HAN Yimin YANG Key laboratory of Vertebrate evolution and human Origins Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China Department of Archaeology and Anthropology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China School of History Capital Normal UniversityBeijing 100048China Beijing Institute of Archaeology Beijing 100009China

As the crossroads of prehistoric cultures,the Beijing region is an important area for studying the exchange of prehistoric culture and the spread of millet *** millet remains have been found in the Donghulin site during the Early Neolithic Age,there is little millet remains during the Middle and Late Neolithic Age,so there is a gap of approximately2,000 years since the time of the Donghulin *** Shangzhai site is located in the Pinggu Basin in eastern Beijing,and it has a large time span with sequential strata;however,there are few large animals and plant remains found at this site,thus the subsistence strategy of ancient people remains *** this study,the absorbed lipids of pottery sherds unearthed in the Neolithic cultural layer of the Shangzhai site were extracted and *** results show that these potteries were used to process millet,the meat of terrestrial non-ruminants and wild ruminants,and dairy of wild ruminants,providing new insights for the subsistence strategy and the development of millet agriculture in the Middle and Late Neolithic Age of *** addition,the food processing in pottery may be an internal heating method,such as stone boiling.

关键词： Shangzhai site Millet agriculture Subsistence strategy Pottery lipid analysis Stone boiling

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A New Species of Megarhyphus,an Interesting Discovery from the Lower Jurassic of England(Diptera,Anisopodidae)

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2010年第4期84卷 693-695页

作者： Krzeminska EWA Coram A.ROBERT Krzeminski WIESLAW Institute of Systematics and evolution of Animals Polish Academy of SciencesKrakowPoland School of human and Environmental Sciences the UniversityReading RG6 2ABUK

The oldest representative of the genus Megarhyphus Kovalev （Diptera： Anisopodidae） is described from the Lower Jurassic （Sinemurian） of England. A summary of our knowledge of Jurassic Anisopodidae is given.

关键词： new species Megarhyphus Anisopodidae Olbiogastrinae Diptera Lower Jurassic alula

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Preface:Deep Carbon Cycle and Abiotic Methane in the Subduction Zone

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2023年第1期97卷 286-287页

作者： ZHANG Lifei MOE Key laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal evolution School of Earth and Space SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Two kinds of carbon cycle on Earth have been recognized:surface short-term and deep long-term carbon cycles(Berner,2003;Zhang et al.,2017).Over the years,the surface short-term carbon cycle has been attracted extensive attention because of their significance implications in the study of environmental changes of human ***,scientists found more than 98%carbon is stored in the solid Earth which takes great role on the surface carbon cycle(DePaolo,2015;Kelemen and Manning,2015;Plank and Manning,2019;Mao and Mao,2020).Therefore,the research of deep carbon cycle is very significant to the study of the formation and evolution,multi-layered interaction and habitability of the *** the other hand,recent petrological study combined with high pressure-temperature experimental simulation shows that abiotic methane can be formed by the metamorphic reduction of carbonates during the subduction metamorphism(Tao et al.,2018;Wang et al.,2022;Zhang et al.,2023).

关键词： cycle carbon Deep

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Delineating the longitudinal tumor evolution using organoid models

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2021年第7期48卷 560-570页

作者： Zhaolian Lu Beina Nie Weiwei Zhai Zheng Hu CAS Key laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic BiologyShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055China CAS Key laboratory of Zoological Systematics and evolution Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Center for Excellence in Animal evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650223China

Cancer is an evolutionary process fueled by genetic or epigenetic alterations in the *** the evolutionary dynamics that are operative at different stages of tumor progression might inform effective strategies in early detection,diagnosis,and treatment of ***,our understanding on the dynamics of tumor evolution through time is very limited since it is usually impossible to sample patient tumors *** recent advances in in vitro 3D organoid culture technologies have opened new avenues for the development of more realistic human cancer models that mimic many in vivo biological characteristics in human ***,we review recent progresses and challenges in cancer genomic evolution studies and advantages of using tumor organoids to study cancer *** propose to establish an experimental evolution model based on continuous passages of patient-derived organoids and longitudinal sampling to study clonal dynamics and evolutionary patterns over *** and integration of population genetic theories and computational models into time-course genomic data in tumor organoids will help to pinpoint the key cellular mechanisms underlying cancer evolutionary dynamics,thus providing novel insights on therapeutic strategies for highly dynamic and heterogeneous tumors.

关键词： Tumor evolution Tumor heterogeneity Longitudinal sampling Genomic sequencing Organoids Tumor microenvironment

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evolutionary characteristics of exons expressed at different abundance levels in mammals

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2009年第19期54卷 3546-3554页

作者： YU HaiJing FANG Lin LI Xin ZHANG XiaoYan YE Jia LI Jie HU WeiHong ZHENG BingRong XIAO ChunJie Key laboratory of Bioresources Conservation and Utilization & human Genetics Center of Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China Beijing Genomics Institute at Shenzhen Shenzhen 518083 China CAS-Max Planck Junior Research Group and State Key laboratory of Genetic Resources and evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650223 China

With comparative genomics approaches, we evaluated the evolutionary characteristics of conservation of exons which are expressed abundantly, moderately or lowly in mammals. Using non-coding regions and pseudogenes as controls, sequence identity, phastCons and Ka/Ks analyses were carried out and our results showed that as the exons of high abundance are highly conserved, the minor and low exons also showed conservative characteristics in evolution. Our findings suggested that the exons with less abundance which constitute a large proportion of distinct species in transcriptome of organisms are under functional constraint and might play certain roles in enriching biological complexity in the evolution of organisms.

关键词：哺乳动物进化特征 Ka/Ks

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