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The risk factors and threshold level of subchronic inhalation exposure of reclaimed water

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 639-650页

作者： Jiayang Kong Yun Lu Yunru Ren Menghao Chen Gang Liu Liangliang Shi State Key Joint laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution control State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk ControlSchool of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Inhalation of reclaimed water is known to cause lung infammation,and free endotoxins have been shown to be a major risk factor for acute *** exposure has also been shown to induce infammatory responses with visible tissue ***,subchronic risk factors have yet to be identified,and a threshold for the protection of occupational populations during urban reuse is *** this study,potential risk factors in reclaimed water were examined by subchronic exposure with fractionated reclaimed water,and the health risk threshold was tested with a series of diluted reclaimed ***,following a 12-week exposure,macromolecules and microorganisms were found to be two major risk factors in reclaimed water that could cause pulmonary infammation,including increased proportion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in bronchoalveolar fuid,formation of inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue,and elevation of Immunoglobulin A ***,infammation persisted after a 4-week recovery *** calculated threshold of reclaimed water exposure for mice was 31.8 Endotoxin Unit(EU)/(kg·day)under when exposed to 50%additional relative humidity from reclaimed water at 25℃ for 2 hr/***,the subchronic threshold estimate for humans under the same exposure conditions was found to be 12.2 EU/(kg·day),corresponding to endotoxin levels of 61.7 EU/mL in reclaimed *** threshold level of endotoxin was lower than that in most non-potable reclaimed *** findings of this study suggest that occupational exposure of reclaimed water can serve as a potential risk to workers.

关键词： Reclaimed water Inhalation exposure Risk factor Threshold Infammation Endotoxin

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A reduced combustion mechanism of ammonia/diesel optimized with multi-objective genetic algorithm

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第4期34卷 187-200页

作者： Wanchen Sun Shaodian Lin Hao Zhang Liang Guo Wenpeng Zeng Genan Zhu Mengqi Jiang State Key laboratory of Automotive Simulation and control Jilin UniversityChangchun 130025China

For the deep understanding on combustion of ammonia/diesel,this study develops a reduced mechanism of ammonia/diesel with 227 species and 937 *** sub-mechanism on ammonia/interactions of N-based and C-based species(N—C)/NOx is optimized using the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II(NSGA-II)with 200 *** optimized mechanism(named as 937b)is validated against combustion characteristics of ammonia/methane(which is used to examine the accuracy of N—C interactions)and ammonia/diesel *** ignition delay times(IDTs),the laminar flame speeds and most of key intermediate species during the combustion of ammonia/methane blends can be accurately simulated by 937b under a wide range of *** for ammonia/diesel blends with various diesel energy fractions,reasonable predictions on the IDTs under pressures from 1.0 MPa to5.0 MPa as well as the laminar flame speeds are also achieved by *** particular,with regard to the IDT simulations of ammonia/diesel blends,937b makes progress in both aspects of overall accuracy and computational efficiency,compared to a detailed ammonia/diesel *** kinetic analysis reveals that the reaction pathway of ammonia during the combustion of ammonia/diesel blend mainly differs in the tendencies of oxygen additions to NH_2 and NH with different equivalence ratios.

关键词： Ammonia Diesel Combustion Kinetic mechanism Multi-objective optimization

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Enhanced activation of peroxymonosulfate on layered molybdenum disulfide loaded with Co–La bimetallic oxide for efficient degradation of chloramphenicol

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Rare Metals 2024年第9期43卷 4628-4635页

作者： Yu-Ning Fan Yun-Qiu Zhang San-Shuang Gao Zeng-Hui Bi Yin Wang Shu-Xing Zhou Qian Liu Tian-Ping Lv Guang-Zhi Hu Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution control of Plateau Lakes School of Ecology and Environmental ScienceYunnan University Hubei Key laboratory of Low Dimensional Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Hubei University of Arts and Science Institute for Advanced study Chengdu University

The use of transition metal-activated peroxymonosulfate（PMS） as an advanced oxidation technology has gained recognition. This study developed a catalyst using cobaltDlanthanum bimetallic oxide supported on layered molybdenum disulfide （Mo S2） as a carrier. The CoDLa/Mo S2catalyst was synthesised through coprecipitation, followed by calcination with an optimised metal ratio of Co:La=2:1 to activate PMS and degrade trace chloramphenicol（CAP） in water. The chemical composition of the catalyst was confirmed using X-ray diffraction （XRD） and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）. At catalyst and PMS dosages of 0.1 and 0.5 g·L-1, respectively, the degradation rate of CAP was 95% with in 30 min. The catalyst exhibitedstrong resistance to most interfering anions and maintained a high degradation rate at p H 3D11. Liquid chromatographyDmass spectrometry analysis revealed the potential degradation pathways of CAP in the CoDLa/Mo S2（2:1）/PMS system. For other pollutants, such as oxytetracycline,complete degradation was achieved within 20 min,demonstrating the broad applicability of the CoDLa/Mo S2（2:1）/PMS system for the degradation and removal of antibiotic organic contaminants. This study offers a feasible approach for the degradation of antibiotic organic pollutants, including CAP, in natural water bodies.

关键词： Catalysts

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A Symmetric-Actuating Linear Piezoceramic Ultrasonic Motor Capable of Producing a Scissoring Effect

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Research 2024年第1期2023卷 571-581页

作者： Zhanmiao Li Xingyu Yi Rongqi Zhu Zhonghui Yu Xiaoting Yuan MohammadJavad PourhosseiniAsl Shuxiang Dong School of Materials Science and Engineering Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China College of Mechatronics and control Engineering and Institute for Advanced StudyShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518051China

Conventionally,to produce a linear motion,one motor’s stator is employed to drive one runner moving forward or *** far,there is almost no report of one electromechanical motor or piezoelectric ultrasonic motor that can directly generate two symmetrical linear motions,while this function is desired for precise scissoring and grasping in the minimally invasive surgery ***,we report a brandnew symmetric-actuating linear piezoceramic ultrasonic motor capable of generating symmetrical linear motions of two outputs directly without additional mechanical transmission *** key component of the motor is an(2×3)arrayed piezoceramic bar stator operating in the coupled resonant mode of the first longitudinal(L_(1))and third bending(B_(3))modes,leading to symmetric elliptical vibration trajectories at its two ends.A pair of microsurgical scissors is used as the end-effector,demonstrating a very promising future for high-precision microsurgical operations.

关键词： field symmetric backward

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Genomic Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 Variants: Dominance of XBB Replacement — China, January–June 2023

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China CDC weekly 2024年第15期6卷 324-331页

作者： Yenan Feng Qiudong Su Lili Li Xiaozhou He Peihua Niu Xiaojuan Guo Xiang Zhao Jing Tang Zhiyuan Jia Ji Wang Changcheng Wu Baicheng Xia Zhixiao Chen Yuchao Wu Jing Yang Songqi Chen Cao Chen Shiwen Wang Xiaoping Dong National Key laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases National Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina NHC Key laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases National Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina

Introduction:In the first half of 2023,a global shift was observed towards the predominance of XBB *** faced a significant epidemic between late 2022 and early 2023 due to Omicron subvariants BA.5.2 and *** study aims to depict the evolving variant distribution among provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)in China and explore the factors driving the predominance of XBB ***:Sequences from local and imported coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)cases recorded between January 1 and June 30,2023,were *** study analyzed the changing distribution of viral variants and assessed how the prior dominance of specific variants,XBB subvariants,and imported cases influenced the prevalence of the XBB replacement ***:A total of 56,486 sequences were obtained from local cases,and 8,669 sequences were from imported *** in April,there was a shift in the prevalence of XBB from imported to local cases,with varying dominance among *** PLADs previously high in BF.7,the rise of XBB was delayed.A positive correlation was found between XBB proportions in imported cases from January to March and local cases in *** distribution pattern of XBB subvariants differed between local and imported cases within the same *** significant differences were noted in the replacement rates of XBB ***:The timing of XBB dominance differed among various PLADs in China in the first half of 2023,correlating closely with the prevalence of XBB variants among imported cases.

关键词： dominance imported distribution

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Different El Niño Flavors and Associated Atmospheric Teleconnections as Simulated in a Hybrid Coupled Model

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第5期41卷 864-880页

作者： Junya HU Hongna WANG Chuan GAO Rong-Hua ZHANG Key laboratory of Ocean circulation and Waves Institute of Oceanologyand Center for Ocean Mega-ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China School of Marine Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Laoshan laboratory Qingdao 266237China

A previously developed hybrid coupled model(HCM)is composed of an intermediate tropical Pacific Ocean model and a global atmospheric general circulation model(AGCM),denoted as *** this study,different El Niño flavors,namely the Eastern-Pacific(EP)and Central-Pacific(CP)types,and the associated global atmospheric teleconnections are examined in a 1000-yr control simulation of the *** HCMAGCM indicates profoundly different characteristics among EP and CP El Niño events in terms of related oceanic and atmospheric variables in the tropical Pacific,including the amplitude and spatial patterns of sea surface temperature(SST),zonal wind stress,and precipitation *** SST budget analysis indicates that the thermocline feedback and zonal advective feedback dominantly contribute to the growth of EP and CP El Niño events,*** to the shifts in the tropical rainfall and deep convection during EP and CP El Niño events,the model also reproduces the differences in the extratropical atmospheric responses during the boreal *** particular,the EP El Niño tends to be dominant in exciting a poleward wave train pattern to the Northern Hemisphere,while the CP El Niño tends to preferably produce a wave train similar to the Pacific North American(PNA)*** a result,different climatic impacts exist in North American regions,with a warm-north and cold-south pattern during an EP El Niño and a warm-northeast and cold-southwest pattern during a CP El Niño,*** modeling result highlights the importance of internal natural processes within the tropical Pacific as they relate to the genesis of ENSO diversity because the active ocean–atmosphere coupling is allowed only in the tropical Pacific within the framework of the HCMAGCM.

关键词： hybrid coupled model tropical Pacific Ocean global atmosphere Eastern/Central-Pacific El Niño atmospheric teleconnections

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Particle residence time distribution and axial dispersion coefficient in a pressurized circulating fluidized bed by using multiphase particle-in-cell simulation

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第5期69卷 167-176页

作者： Jinnan Guo Daoyin Liu Jiliang Ma Cai Liang Xiaoping Chen Key laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and control of Ministry of Education Southeast UniversityNanjing 210096China

The particle residence time distribution(RTD)and axial dispersion coefficient are key parameters for the design and operation of a pressurized circulating fluidized bed(PCFB).In this study,the effects of pressure(0.1-0.6 MPa),fluidizing gas velocity(2-7 m·s^(-1)),and solid circulation rate(10-90 kg·m^(-2)·s^(-1))on particle RTD and axial dispersion coefficient in a PCFB are numerically investigated based on the multiphase particle-in-cell(MP-PIC)*** details of the gas-solid flow behaviors of PCFB are *** on the gas-solid flow pattern,the particles tend to move more orderly under elevated *** an increase in either fluidizing gas velocity or solid circulation rate,the mean residence time of particles decreases while the axial dispersion coefficient *** an increase in pressure,the core-annulus flow is strengthened,which leads to a wider shape of the particle RTD curve and a larger mean particle residence *** back-mixing of particles increases with increasing pressure,resulting in an increase in the axial dispersion coefficient.

关键词： Pressurized circulating fluidized bed MP-PIC method Residence time distribution Axial dispersion coefficient

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A Hierarchical LSTM-Based Vehicle Trajectory Prediction Method Considering Interaction Information

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Automotive Innovation 2024年第1期7卷 71-81页

作者： Haitao Min Xiaoyong Xiong Pengyu Wang Zhaopu Zhang State Key laboratory of Automotive Simulation and control Jilin UniversityChangchun 130012China

Trajectory prediction is an essential component in autonomous driving systems,as it can forecast the future movements of surrounding vehicles,thereby enhancing the decision-making and planning capabilities of autonomous driving *** models relying on constant acceleration and constant velocity often experience a reduction in prediction accu-racy as the forecasted timeframe *** limitation makes it challenging to meet the demands for medium to long-term trajectory ***,data-driven models,particularly those based on Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)neural networks,have demonstrated superior performance in medium to long-term trajectory ***,this study introduces a hierarchical LSTM-based method for vehicle trajectory *** the difficulty of using a single LSTM model to predict trajectories for all driving intentions,the trajectory prediction task is decomposed into three sequential steps:driving intention prediction,lane change time prediction,and trajectory ***,given that the driving intent and trajectory of a vehicle are always subject to the influence of the surrounding traffic flow,the predictive model proposed in this paper incorporates the interactional information of neighboring vehicle movements into the model *** proposed method is trained and validated on the real vehicle trajectory dataset Next Generation *** results show that the proposed hierarchical LSTM method has a lower prediction error compared to the integral LSTM model.

关键词： Autonomous vehicles Trajectory prediction Long Short-Term Memory Driving intention prediction

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Human-Machine Shared Lateral control Strategy for Intelligent Vehicles Based on Human Driver Risk Perception Reliability

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Automotive Innovation 2024年第1期7卷 102-120页

作者： Dongjian Song Bing Zhu Jian Zhao Jiayi Han State Key laboratory of Automotive Simulation and control Jilin UniversityChangchun 130022China

Intelligent vehicle(Ⅳ)technology has developed rapidly in recent ***,achieving fully unmanned driving still presents numerous challenges,which means that human drivers will continue to play a vital role in vehicle operation for the foreseeable ***-machine shared driving,involving cooperation between a human driver and an automated driving system(AVS),has been widely regarded as a necessary stage for the development of *** onⅣdriving safety,this study proposed a human-machine shared lateral control strategy(HSLCS)based on the reliability of driver risk *** HSLCS starts by identifying the effective areas of driver risk perception based on eye *** establishes an anisotropic driving risk field,which serves as the foundation for the AVS to assess risk *** upon the cumulative and diminishing effects of risk perception,the proposed approach leverages the driver's risk perception effective area and converts the risk field into a representation aligned with the driver's ***,it quantifies the reliability of the driver's risk perception by using area-matching ***,based on the driver’s risk perception reliability and dif-ferences in lateral driving operation between the human driver and the AVS,the dynamic distribution of driving authority is achieved through a fuzzy rule-based system,and the human-machine shared lateral control is completed by using model predictive *** HSLCS was tested across various scenarios on a driver-in-the-loop test *** results show that the HSLCS can realize the synergy and complementarity of human and machine intelligence,effectively ensuring the safety ofⅣoperation.

关键词： Intelligent vehicle Human-machine shared driving Risk perception Driving authority distribution

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Effects of high temperature and high relative humidity drying on moisture distribution,starch microstructure and cooking characteristics of extruded whole buckwheat noodles

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Journal of Future Foods 2024年第2期4卷 159-166页

作者： Linghan Meng Xuyang Sun Yan Zhang Xiaozhi Tang Key laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality control and Processing College of Food Science and EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and SafetyNanjing University of Finance and EconomicsNanjing 210023China Hebei Key laboratory of Food Safety Hebei Food Inspection and Research InstituteShijiazhuang 050091China

Drying is a key step in starch noodle *** effects of high temperature(60,70,80°C)and high relative humidity(65%,75%,85%)drying(HTHD)on the moisture distribution,starch microstructure and cooking characteristics of extruded whole buckwheat noodles were *** to the conventional hot-air drying(CHAD)at 40°C,the increase in drying temperature(60–80°C)and the decrease in relative humidity(85%–65%)significantly improved drying efficiency of the extruded *** adjusting drying temperature and relative humidity,the rate of moisture migration in noodles and phase transition of starch could be appropriately *** optimum drying parameters(T70H75,70°C drying temperature and 75%relative humidity)showed smooth and dense network structure,resulting in the lowest cooking loss(6.61%),broken rate(0%),highest hardness(1695.17 g)and springiness(0.92).However,the total flavonoid content(TFC)and the total phenolic content(TPC)reduced by 6.81%–28.50%and 7.19%–53.23%in contrast to CHAD,and the color of buckwheat noodles became darker through *** findings showed the potential of HTHD for increasing drying efficiency and improving buckwheat noodle *** appropriate drying parameters could maintain a balanced relationship between moisture migration in noodles and phase transition of starch,which resulted in better cooking quality for extruded whole buckwheat *** a study is valuable for regulating the process conditions of buckwheat-based foods and promoting its commercial utilization.

关键词： Extruded whole buckwheat noodle High temperature and high relative humidity drying Moisture distribution Starch microstructure Cooking characteristics

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