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Improving performance of perovskite solar cells enabled by defects passivation and carrier transport dynamics regulation via organic additive

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2025年第2期36卷 551-556页

作者： Rongjun Zhao Tai Wu Yong Hua Yude Wang Department of Physics Center for Optoelectronics Engineering ResearchYunnan University Yunnan Key laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials&Technology International Joint Research Center for Optoelectronic and Energy MaterialsSchool of Materials and EnergyYunnan University Yunnan Key laboratory of Carbon Neutrality and Green Low-carbon Technologies Yunnan University

Defects at the grain boundaries(GBs) of perovskite film highly restrict both the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs). Herein, organic small molecules of butanedioic acid(BA) and acetylenedicarboxylic acid(AA), containing two carbonyl(C=O) groups and different core-units, were incorporated into perovskite as additives for PSCs application. Thanks to the strong coordination interaction between C=O group and under-coordinated Pb2+, the additives can effectively passivate film defects and regulate the perovskite crystallization, yielding high-quality perovskite films with lower defect densities. More importantly, the additives can efficiently regulate the charge transport behaviors in PSCs. Benefiting from the defects passivation and the regulation of charge carrier dynamics, the BA and AA-treaded PSCs show the power conversion efficiencies of 21.52% and 20.50%, which are higher than that of the control device(19.41%). Besides, the optimal devices exhibit a remarkable enhanced long-term stability and moisture tolerance compared to the pristine devices. Furthermore, the transient absorption spectrum reveals the mechanism of enhanced photovoltaic performances, attributing to the improvement of charge transport capability at the perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD interfaces. This work affords a promising strategy to improve the efficiency and stability of PSCs through regulating the charge-carrier dynamic process in perovskite film.

关键词： Additives Carrier dynamics Defects passivation Perovskite solar cells Stability

Pinelliae Rhizoma:a systematic review on botany,ethnopharmacology,phytochemistry,preclinical and clinical evidence

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2025年第1期23卷 1-20页

作者： Zuanji Liang Jinchao Wei Sioi Chan Siyuan Zhang Li Xu Chenxiao Shen Zhangfeng Zhong Yitao Wang Macao Centre for research and Development in Chinese Medicine State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macau

Pinelliae Rhizoma(PR), known as Banxia in Chinese, Hange in Japanese, and Banha in Korean,is a renowned herbal medicine in East Asia derived from the dry tuber of Pinellia ternata(Thunb.) Breit.(PT). It is extensively utilized in dispensing granules, classical prescriptions,and herbal formulas to treat various conditions, including cough, infection, phlegm, nausea,asthma, and inflammation. Despite numerous studies on PR and its classical prescriptions over recent decades, a comprehensive synthesis of available evidence regarding its multifunctional roles and therapeutic potential is lacking. This review aims to address this gap by examining emerging evidence from metabonomics, preclinical studies, and clinical trials, while exploring potential trends and prospects for future research. A systematic literature search was conducted across six electronic databases, including Pub Med, Web of Science, Scopus,Science Direct, Wanfang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure, to identify relevant articles on PR published until March 2023. PR contains 107 compounds with diverse pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, immune regulatory, anti-viral, anti-cancer,anti-asthma, antitussive and expectorant, antioxidant, anti-obesity, anti-atherosclerosis, antimicrobial, emetic and anti-emetic, anti-convulsant and anti-epileptic, sedative and hypnotic,learning and memory enhancement, and anti-depressant effects. Metabonomic studies suggest that raw PR may exhibit cardiotoxicity and pregnancy toxicity while showing no apparent hepatorenal toxicity. However, limited pharmacokinetic investigations on PR constrain its clinical translation. Furthermore, clinical safety data on PR is scarce, with only four clinical trials assessing its positive effects in pediatric epilepsy, nausea and vomiting, soft tissue injury, and chronic sinus tract. This review aims to enhance understanding of PR and provide valuable information and recommendations for further research and devel

关键词： Classical prescription Dispensing granule Herbal medicine Pinellia ternata Pinelliae Rhizoma

Astragali Radix-Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma medicine pair prevents cardiac remodeling by improving mitochondrial dynamic balance

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2025年第1期23卷 54-63页

作者： Pingping Lin Hong Chen Zekun Cui Boyang Yu Junping Kou Fang Li Jiangsu Key laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational research Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs School of Traditional Chinese PharmacyChina Pharmaceutical University

Astragali Radix(AR) and Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma(NR) are frequently employed in cardiovascular disease treatment. However, the efficacy of the AR-NR medicine pair(AN) in improving cardiac remodeling and its underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate AN's cardioprotective effect and potential mechanism on cardiac remodeling using transverse aortic constriction(TAC) in mice and angiotensin II(Ang II)-induced neonatal rat cardiomyocytes(NRCMs) and fibroblasts in vitro. High-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) characterized 23 main components of AN. AN significantly improved cardiac function in the TAC-induced mice. Furthermore, AN considerably reduced the serum levels of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide(NT-pro BNP), cardiac troponin T(CTn-T), and interleukin-6(IL-6) and mitigated inflammatory cell infiltration. Post-AN treatment, TAC-induced heart size approached normal. AN decreased cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area and attenuated the upregulation of cardiac hypertrophy marker genes(ANP, BNP, and MYH7) in vivo and in ***, AN alleviated collagen deposition in TAC-induced mice. AN also reduced the expression of fibrosis-related indicators(COL1A1 and COL3A1) and inhibited the activation of the transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)/mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3(Smad3) pathway. Thus, AN improved TAC-induced cardiac remodeling. Moreover, AN downregulated p-dynamin-related protein(Drp1)(Ser616) expression and upregulated mitogen 2(MFN-2) and optic atrophy 1(OPA1) expression in vivo and in vitro, thereby restoring mitochondrial fusion and fission balance. In conclusion, AN improves cardiac remodeling by regulating mitochondrial dynamic balance, providing experimental data for the rational application of Chinese medicine prescriptions with AN as the main component in clinical practice.

关键词： Astragali Radix−Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma medicine pair Cardiac fibrosis Cardiac hypertrophy Mitochondrial dynamics Transforming growth factor-β1/Smad3 pathway

Secure beamforming and deployment design for rate-splitting multiple access-based UAV communications

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第1期68卷 342-356页

作者： Bing WANG Xiaofeng TAO Shujun HAN Huici WU Kai YANG Zhu HAN National Engineering research Center of Mobile Network Technologies Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Peng Cheng laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Houston

Rate-splitting multiple access(RSMA) has recently gained attention as a potential robust multiple access(MA)scheme for upcoming wireless networks. Given its ability to efficiently utilize wireless resources and design interference management strategies, it can be applied to unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) networks to provide convenient services for large-scale access ground users. However, due to the line-of-sight(LoS) broadcast nature of UAV transmission, information is susceptible to eavesdropping in RSMA-based UAV networks. Moreover, the superposition of signals at the receiver in such networks becomes complicated. To cope with the challenge, we propose a two-user multi-input single-output(MISO) RSMA-based UAV secure transmission framework in downlink communication networks. In a passive eavesdropping scenario, our goal is to maximize the sum secrecy rate by optimizing the transmit beamforming and deployment location of the UAV-base station(UAV-BS),while considering quality-of-service(QoS) constraints, maximum transmit power, and flight space limitations. To address the non-convexity of the proposed problem, the optimization problem is first decoupled into two subproblems. Then, the successive convex approximation(SCA) method is employed to solve each subproblem using different propositions. In addition, an alternating optimization(AO)-based location RSMA(L-RSMA) beamforming algorithm is developed to implement joint optimization to obtain the suboptimal solution. Numerical results demonstrate that(1) the proposed L-RSMA scheme yields a28.97% higher sum secrecy rate than the baseline L-space division multiple access(SDMA) scheme;(2) the proposed L-RSMA scheme improves the security performance by 42.61% compared to the L-non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA) scheme.

关键词： rate-splitting multiple access UAV communication precoding optimization deployment location physical layer security

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Arsenic methylation and microbial communities in paddy soils under alternating anoxic and oxic conditions

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第2期148卷 468-475页

作者： Jing Liu Rui Pei Runzeng Liu Chuanyong Jing Wenjing Liu Shandong Key laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health School of Environmental Science and EngineeringShandong UniversityQingdao 266237China State Key laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China

Arsenic(As)methylation in soils affects the environmental behavior of As,excessive accumulation of dimethylarsenate(DMA)in rice plants leads to straighthead disease and a serious drop in crop *** the mobility and transformation of methylated arsenic in redox-changing paddy fields is crucial for food ***,soils including unarsenic contaminated(N-As),low-arsenic(L-As),medium-arsenic(M-As),and high-arsenic(H-As)soils were incubated under continuous anoxic,continuous oxic,and consecutive anoxic/oxic treatments respectively,to profile arsenic methylating process and microbial species involved in the As *** anoxic-oxic(A-O)treatment,methylated arsenic was significantly increased once oxygen was introduced into the incubation *** methylated arsenic concentrations were up to 2-24 times higher than those in anoxic(A),oxic(O),and oxic-anoxic(O-A)treatments,under which arsenic was methylated slightly and then decreased in all four As concentration *** fact,the most plentiful arsenite S-adenosylmethionine methyltransferase genes(arsM)contributed to the increase in As ***(40.8%-62.4%),Firmicutes(3.5%-15.7%),and Desulfobacterota(5.3%-13.3%)were the major microorganisms related to this *** microbial increasedmarkedly and played more important roles after oxygen was introduced,indicating that they were potential keystone microbial groups for As methylation in the alternating anoxic(flooding)and oxic(drainage)*** novel findings provided newinsights into the reoxidation-driven arsenic methylation processes and the model could be used for further risk estimation in periodically flooded paddy fields.

关键词： Arsenic methylation Anoxic-oxic Straighthead disease arsM gene Microbial community

Anomalous quality factor evolution of induced transparency in a virtualized coupled-oscillator system

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期68卷 144-151页

作者： Yunhan Yang Han Jia Tuo Liu Yuzhen Yang Jun Yang Key laboratory of Noise and Vibration research Institute of AcousticsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China State Key laboratory of Acoustics Institute of AcousticsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

The phenomenon of induced transparency,characterized by a high quality(Q)factor,holds significant importance in the fields of high-precision sensing,energy storage and wave *** transparency systems are often constrained by the limited experimentally accessible parameter space and the lack of independent control over intrinsic parameters,thereby hindering advanced research on high-Q *** we propose a virtualized coupled-oscillator system that enables reconfigurable induced transparency in the reflection *** virtually incorporating a pair of coupled oscillators into an individual acoustic meta-atom,we achieve the manipulation of induced transparency in a decoupled,wide-ranging,and elaborate *** the diverse evolutions across the intrinsic parameter space,we show experimentally a counter-intuitive increase in the Q-factor of the transparency window,which is attributed to the enhanced dissipation of the bright ***,a constant group delay at the center frequency is observed accompanying this *** work demonstrates an intriguing platform as well as a novel strategy to engineer high-Q induced transparency phenomenon,and paves the way towards applications in programmable acoustic sensors,filters and slow-wave devices.

关键词： induced transparency acoustic meta-atom high quality-factor scattering programmable intrinsic parameter

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Water quality analysis and source apportionment in estuaries along the coast of the Bohai Sea,North China

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2025年第1期43卷 73-89页

作者： Guanghong WU Dan YE Wei LUO Tianjin Key laboratory of Water Resources and Environment Tianjin Normal UniversityTianjin 300387China laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China

High-dimensional data(a dataset with many features)were collected from 64 sampling sites to analyze the water quality in estuaries along the coast of the Bohai Sea,North *** twenty-five water quality parameters analyzed were collected monthly from January 2021 to December *** statistical techniques,such as the absolute principal component score-multiple linear regression model(APCS-MLR),correlation analysis,and analysis of variance were used to identify and quantify the potential sources or factors affecting water quality and to analyze the spatial-temporal variation in water *** water quality indices(WQIs),ranging from 67.96 to 70.67,showed that the water quality was at an intermediate level in the estuaries during both the flood and nonflood *** concentrations of total phosphorus(TP),ammonia N(AN),and organic pollutants were greater in the Haihe River Basin than in the Liaohe River and Huanghe-Huaihe River *** concentration of total nitrogen(TN)in the Haihe River Basin was lower than that in the Liaohe River and Huanghe-Huaihe River *** metal concentrations in the Liaohe River Basin were greater than those in the Haihe River and Huanghe-Huaihe River *** annual mean concentrations of AN in the estuaries of the Haihe,Liaohe,and Huanghe(Yellow)rivers exhibited significant decreasing trends from 2013 to 2022,but no significant decreasing trends were found for permanganate index(COD_(Mn))or the *** concentrations of TN and AN were lower in the flood season than in the nonflood season,and the TP concentration was greater in the flood season than in the nonflood ***,the concentrations of organic pollutants did not exhibit significant *** sewage and industrial wastewater,substance exchange between air and water,nonpoint sources from rural and urban areas,and aquaculture wastewater were the major sources or factors responsible for water pollution in the estuaries.

关键词： water quality spatial-temporal variation source apportionment absolute principal component score-multiple linear regression estuary Bohai Sea

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Uncertainties in Tornado Records and Potential Solutions from the Perspective of Damage Surveys

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2025年第3期42卷 411-416页

作者： Zhaoming LI Zhiyong MENG Lanqiang BAI Kanglong CAI Xiaohua WANG Foshan Tornado research Center and China Meteorological Administration Tornado Key LaboratoryGBA Academy of Meteorological ResearchGuangdong 528000China Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and China Meteorological Administration Tornado Key LaboratorySchool of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Jiangsu Meteorological Observatory Nanjing 210008China

Confirming tornado occurrence and estimating tornado intensity are quite challenging,especially for long-track tornadoes and tornado outbreaks,because of the inefficiency or absence of on-site damage surveys,especially in sparsely populated regions,which brings about large uncertainties in the tornado *** potential methods to alleviate this uncertainty in tornado records have been introduced,such as reports from tornado enthusiasts,trawling of social media sites,and spaceborne photography,which have been shown to be efficient in collecting damage information and depicting the damage swath and ascertaining tornado *** aerial vehicles may help in effectively rating tornado *** 2021,some of these methods have been being tested or are under operation at the China Meteorological Administration Tornado Key laboratory and the Foshan Tornado research Center,and have proved to be *** have great potential in advancing tornado or downburst damage surveys nationally or worldwide,as well as assessing tornado climatologies,especially in sparsely populated regions such as Northeast China.

关键词： tornado outbreak damage survey unmanned aerial vehicle spaceborne photography

The role of sulfur cycle in new particle formation:Cycloaddition reaction of SO_(3)to H_(2)S

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第2期148卷 489-501页

作者： Haijie Zhang Wei Wang Liang Fan Junling Li Yanqin Ren Hong Li Rui Gao Yisheng Xu State Key laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China Key laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of Education of ChinaSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

The chemistry of sulfur cycle contributes significantly to the atmospheric nucleation process,which is the first step of new particle formation(NPF).In the present study,cycloaddition reaction mechanism of sulfur trioxide(SO_(3))to hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S)which is a typical air pollutant and toxic gas detrimental to the environment were comprehensively investigate through theoretical calculations and Atmospheric Cluster Dynamic Code ***-phase stability and nucleation potential of the product thiosulfuric acid(H_(2)S_(2)O_(3),TSA)were further analyzed to evaluate its atmospheric *** any catalysts,the H_(2)S+SO_(3)reaction is infeasible with a barrier of 24.2 kcal/*** nucleation precursors formic acid(FA),sulfuric acid(SA),and water(H_(2)O)could effectively lower the reaction barriers as catalysts,even to a barrierless reaction with the efficiency of cis-SA>trans-FA>trans-SA>H_(2)***,the gas-phase stability of TSA was investigated.A hydrolysis reaction barrier of up to 61.4 kcal/mol alone with an endothermic isomerization reaction barrier of 5.1 kcal/mol under the catalytic effect of SA demonstrates the sufficient stability of ***,topological and kinetic analysis were conducted to determine the nucleation potential of *** clusters formed by TSA and atmospheric nucleation precursors(SA,ammonia NH_(3),and dimethylamine DMA)were thermodynamically ***,the gradually decreasing evaporation coefficients for TSA-base clusters,particularly for TSA-DMA,suggests that TSA may participate in NPF where the concentration of base molecules are relatively *** present new reaction mechanismmay contributes to a better understanding of atmospheric sulfur cycle and NPF.

关键词： New particle formation(NPF) Atmospheric sulfur cycle Nucleation process Reaction mechanism Hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S) Atmospheric Cluster Dynamic Code (ACDC)