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Sexual differences in weaponry and defensive behavior in a neotropical harvestman

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Current Zoology 2019年第5期65卷 553-558页

作者： Julio M.G.SEGOVIA Gabriel P.MURAYAMA Rodrigo H.WILLEMART laboratorio de ecologia Sensorial e Comportamento de Artropodes Escolade ArtesCiencias e Humanidades da Universidade de Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil Programa de Pos-Graduaqao em Zoologia Instituto de BiocienciasUniversidade de Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil Programa de Pos-Graduaqao em ecologia e Evoluqao Universidade Federal de Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil

Sexual differences in morphology can evolve by sexual selection and/or natural *** some species,only males have morphological structures that are used as *** some weapons may also be used for defensive purposes,males and females may behave differently towards *** some species of harvestmen(Arachnida and Opiliones),males have sharp apophyses("spines")on their 4th pair of legs whereas females lack *** apophyses are used in malemale fights and in antipredatory *** harvestmen antipredatory repertory also encompasses passive defenses such as thanatosis(death feigning),retaliation(attack on predators),and chemical *** to the sexual differences on weaponry,we hypothesized that males and females of Mischonyx cuspidatus(Gonyleptidae)rely on different defensive *** experimentally induced males and females to perform 3 defensive behaviors:thanatosis,pinching with legs,and chemical *** predicted that females would engage more in passive and chemical defenses than males,whereas males would rely more on retaliation than *** expected,females performed thanatosis more often than ***,males performed retaliation more often than *** did not find differences in the rate of chemical defense use between the *** study provides evidence that due to sexual dimorphism,alternative antipredatory behaviors may have been selected in the different sexes in ***.

关键词： Arachnida death feigning nipping thanatosis weapon Opiliones

Contrasting climate drivers of seasonal growth in western vs. eastern Mexican mountain conifer forests

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Forest Ecosystems 2023年第1期10卷 64-72页

作者： Marin Pompa-Garcia J.Julio Camarero Eduardo DVivar-Vivar laboratorio de dendroecologia Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y AmbientalesUniversidad Juarez del Estado de DurangoRio Papaloapan y Blvd.Durango s/n Col.Valle del SurDurango34120Mexico Instituto Pirenaico de ecologia(IPE-CSIC) Avda.Montanana 100550192ZaragozaSpain

Hydroclimate affects the radial growth responses of trees, but the drivers of their spatial and population variability are not sufficiently understood. We addressed this issue by sampling several conifer populations located at the same latitude, but at different longitude and elevation in western(W) and eastern(E) Mexican regions. We used dendroecology to disentangle how earlywood width(EW), latewood width(LW) and adjusted LW(LWadj),i.e. the residuals after removing EW influences on LW, responded to climate variables(temperature and precipitation), climate indices(Southern Oscillation Index, SOI, Nino 3.4, Pacific decadal Oscillation, PDO) and a drought index(Standardised Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index, SPEI). The W species(Pinus herrerae Martinez, Pinus durangensis Martinez, Abies durangensis Martínez and Cupressus lusitanica Mill.) showed lower growth rates than the E species(Pinus hartwegii Lindl., Picea mexicana Martinez, Pseudotsuga menziesii(Mirb.) Franco and Abies vejari Martinez). Growth in W benefits mostly from high precipitation in the prior winter and current spring and it is limited by high temperatures in spring, whereas growth in the E showed similar but weaker ***, positive(negative) correlations were found in radial growth with the Nino 3.4(SOI) and the PDO from the prior to current autumns, which were again stronger in absolute terms in the W than in the E regions,excepting SOI in summer. In the W, P. durangensis and C. lusitanica were the least and most responsive species to spring drought, respectively;whilst P. menziesii and A. vejari were very responsive to spring drought compared to P. hartwegii in the E. Our results suggest greater responsiveness to hydroclimate and atmospheric patterns in the W than in the E region. These findings allow better interpretations of future changes in growth and composition in Mexican conifer forests, considering that climate models forecast warmer spring conditions and increased water s

关键词： Drought Earlywood El Nino-Oscillation Latewood

The failed invasion of Harmonia axyridis in the Azores, Portugal: Climatic restriction or wrong population origin?

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Insect Science 2021年第1期28卷 238-250页

作者： Alberto J.Alaniz Antonio OSoares Pablo M.Vergara Eduardo Brito de Azevedo Audrey A.Grez laboratorio de ecologia de Ambientes Fragmentados Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas AnimatesFacultad de Ciencias VeterinariasPecuariasUniversidad de ChileChile Centro de Estudios en ecologia Espacial y Medio Ambiente EcogeografiaSantiagoChile departamento de Gestion Agra ria Facultad TecnologicaUniversidad de Santiago de ChileChile Center for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes and Azorean Biodiversity GroupFaculty of Sciences and TechnologyUniversity of the AzoresPonta DelgadaPortugal Center of Climate Departamento de Ciencias AgrariasMeteorology and Global Change of the University of the Azores(CCMMG-CITA-A)Universidade dos AzoresAngra do HeroismoPortugal

We tested two questions:(i)whether the climatic conditions of the Azorean Islands in Portugal may have restricted the invasion of Harmonia axyridis across this archipelago and(ii)determine what population of this species could have a higher probability of invading the *** used MaxEnt to project the climate requirements of different *** populations from three regions of the world,and the potential global niche of the species in the Azorean *** we assessed the suitability of the islands for each of the three *** populations and global potential niche through histograms analysis,Principal Component Analysis(PCA)of climate variables,and a variable-by-variable assessment of the suitability response curves compared with the climatic conditions of the *** conditions of the Azores are less suitable for the *** native Asian populations of ***,and more suitable for European populations and the global potential *** PCA showed that the climatic conditions of the islands differed from the climatic requirements of *** difference is mainly explained by precipitation of the wettest month,isothermality,and the minimum temperature of the coldest *** concluded that the climatic conditions of the Azores could have influenced the establishment and spread of *** on these islands from *** results showed that abiotic resistance represented by the climate of the potentially colonizable zones could hinder the establishment of invasive insects,but it could vary depending of the origin of the colonizing population.

关键词： climatic suitability Harlequin ladybird Invasibility invasive alien species Niche analysis Species Distribution Model

The Control of Lactobacillus *** Extracellular Compound Produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Fermentation Process of Fuel Ethanol Industry in Brazil

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Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems 2013年第3期3卷 194-201页

作者： Cintia Greice Matsuoca Gois Lucilene Lopes-Santos Jamile Priscila de Oliveira Beranger Admilton Goncalves de Oliveira Flavia Regina Spago Galdino Andrade departamento de Microbiologia Laboratorio de Ecologia MicrobianaUniversidade Estadual de LondrinaLondrinaBrazil

This work evaluated the effect of secondary bacterial metabolites produced by Pseudomonas sp LV strain in control of Lactobacillus sp. population in the microcosm of the vat during ethanol fermentation. The fraction F4 produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa was extracted with dichloromethane and fractionating by vacuum liquid chromatography obtained in a methanol phase. The evaluation of antibiotic activity of F4 fraction mixed or not with sulphuric acid and Kamoram?. The antibiotic activity of F4 fraction was determined as well as the fermentation efficiency. Also was determined yeast cell viability, budding formation, the viability of budding cells, and number of populations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus sp. The results showed that the F4 fraction had high selective antibiotic activity against Lactobacillus sp. but not for S. cerevisae, and no inhibitory effect was observed in the fermentation process by yeast. Also F4 fraction decreased flocculation and foam formation. The F4 has an antibiotic activity against Lactobacillus sp. and should be used as an alternative to control bacteria contamination and foam and flocculation formation in the fuel ethanol fermentation process. The F4 fraction could reduce the use of antibiotics in the control of Lactobacillus sp. population during the fuel ethanol production.

关键词： Fuel Ethanol Fermentation Contamination Lactobacillus Yeast Pseudomonas

Brazilian payment for environmental services programs emphasize water-related services

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第2期11卷 276-289页

作者： Ingrid Mamedes Angélica Guerra Dulce B.B.Rodrigues Letícia Couto Garcia Raquel de Faria Godoi Paulo Tarso S.Oliveira Faculty of Engineering Architecture and Urbanism and GeographyFederal University of Mato Grosso do SulMS79070-900Brazil Programa de Pós-Graduaçāo em ecologia e Conservaaçāo Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do SulCampo GrandeBrazil laboratorio de ecologia da Intervenaçāo-LEl Instituto de BiociênciasUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso do SulCampo GrandeBrazil department of Hydraulics and Sanitary Engineering Sao Carlos School of EngineeringUniversity of Sao PauloSao CarlosSPBrazil

Based on"user pays"and"provider gets"principles,the Payment for Environmental Services(PES)consists of providing economic incentives or compensation for land users who adopt activities that promote ecosystem *** PES initiatives have grown rapidly in Brazil over the last few decades,however,studies that address the panorama of these programs in the country are still scarce,regional,or ***,we investigate the PES overview in Brazil through interviews and an extensive literature *** found in total 80 PES programs implemented in Brazil,of which 14 were *** pro-grams are poorly distributed across the country,mostly concentrated in the Atlantic Forest(56.25%)and Savanna(36.25%)biomes,in Southeastern *** majority of programs primarily prioritize improving water quality and ***,reforestation,protection of native vegetation,and soil and water conservation are their main proposed *** positive impacts of Brazil's PES experi-ences are evident;while the lack of transparency and monitoring,and poor spatial and financial dis-tribution are still major *** conclude that if correctly implemented,PES schemes offer a path to reconcile environmental conservation with agricultural production in Brazil.

关键词： Conservation funding Ecological restoration Environmental compliance Public policy Soil and water conservation

Physical habitat condition as a key tool to maintain freshwater biodiversity in neotropical artificial ponds

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Water Biology and Security 2023年第3期2卷 30-35页

作者： Marden S.Linares Livia B.dos Santos Marcos Callisto Jean C.Santos Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Instituto de Ciencias BiologicasDepartamento de GeneticaEcologia e EvoluçaoLaboratorio de Ecologia de BentosAv.Antonio Carlos 6627CEP 31270-901PampulhaBelo HorizonteMGBrazil laboratorio de Macroecologia e Conservaçao da Biodiversidade Departamento de Botanica e EcologiaUniversidade Federal do Mato GrossoAv.Fernando Correa da Costa2367Boa EsperançaCuiabaMato GrossoCEP 78060-900Brazil Programa de Pos-Graduaçao em Ciencias Ambientais Instituto de Ciencias NaturaisHumanas e SociaisUniversidade Federal do Mato GrossoAvenida Alexandre Ferronato1200SinopMTCEP 78550-728Brazil Universidade Federal de Sergipe Departamento de EcologiaCampus Sao Cristovao-Cidade Universitaria Prof.Jose Aloísio de CamposCEP 49100-000Sao CristovaoSergipeBrazil

In areas highly affected by anthropogenic disturbances,artificial(human-made)freshwater ecosystems can provide habitat for maintaining and conserving regional freshwater *** assessed how the physical habitat of artificial ponds affected the structure of benthic macroinvertebrate *** do so,we tested two hypotheses.(1)Physical habitat disturbances are not detrimental to the diversity of nearby artificial ponds,and(2)Physical habitat disturbances do not cause significant shifts in taxonomic *** results rejected both null hypotheses,i.e.,macroinvertebrate diversity metrics correlated significantly and positively with Physical Habitat Integrity index scores,and only sites with high habitat condition scores were significantly associated with sensitive indicator *** results highlight the importance of maintaining physical habitat conditions for sustaining the ecological health of artificial ponds.

关键词： Bioindicators Ecosystem management Lentic ecosystems

Modularity and specialization in bat-fly interaction networks are remarkably consistent across patches within urbanized landscapes and spatial scales

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Current Zoology 2021年第4期67卷 403-410页

作者： Gustavo Lima Urbieta Gustavo Graciolli Jeferson Vizentin-Bugoimi Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciencias Biológicas Departamento de Sistematica e EcologiaUniversidade Federal da ParaibaCidade Jardim Universitários/nCastelo BrancoJoão Pessoa 58051-900Brazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal Laboratorio de SistematicaEcologia e Evoluqao(LSEE)Instituto de BiocienciasUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul(UFMS)Campo Grande 79090-900Brazil department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA

Patterns of specialization and the structure of interactions between bats and ectoparasitic flies have been studied mostly on non-urban environments and at local ***,how anthropogenic disturbances influence species interactions and network structure in this system remain poorly ***,we investigated patterns of interaction between Phyllostomidae bats and ectoparasitic Streblidae flies,and variations in network specialization and structure across Cerrado patches within urbanized landscapes in Brazil and between local and regional *** found high similarity in the richness and composition of bat and fly species across communities,associated with low turnover of interactions between *** high specialization of bat-streblid interactions resulted in little connected and modular networks,with the emergence of modules containing subsets of species that interact exclusively or primarily with each *** similarities in species and interaction composition and network structure across communities and scales suggest that bat-fly interactions within Cerrado patches are little affected by the degree of human modification in the surrounding *** remarkable consistency is likely promoted by specific behaviors,the tolerance of Phyllostomidae bats to surrounding urbanized landscapes as well as by the specificity of the streblid-bat interactions shaped over evolutionary time.

关键词： Chiroptera ectoparasites host-parasite network neotropics Streblidae urbanization

Floral biology of Salvia stachydifolia,a species visited by bees and birds:connecting sexual phases,nectar dynamics and breeding system to visitors’behaviour

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2021年第4期14卷 580-590页

作者： Camila N.Barrionuevo Santiago Benitez-Vieyra Federico Sazatornil laboratorio de ecologia Evolutiva y Biologia Floral Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal(Universidad Nacional de Cordoba—CONICET)CC 495(X5000ZAA)CordobaArgentina

Aims Adaptive convergence in floral phenotype among plants sharing a pollinator guild has been acknowledged in the concept of pollination ***,many plants display traits associated with a given syndrome,but are visited by multiple *** situation may indicate the beginning of a pollinator shift or may result in a stable situation with adaptations to different *** Salvia stachydifolia,a previous study suggested that flower shape is optimized to maximize the contribution to pollination of bees and ***,we studied three additional aspects of its floral biology:sexual phases,nectar dynamics and breeding system,and examined their connection with pollinators’behaviour to explore the presence of adaptations to bee and/or hummingbird *** Using a greenhouse population,we applied five pollination treatments to characterize breeding *** determine sexual phases,we recorded flower opening,anther dehiscence,corolla fall and stigma ***,we characterized nectar volume and concentration dynamics along the ***,to determine pollinator assemblage and visitation patterns,we performed field observations and recorded pollinators’*** Findings Salvia stachydifolia was partially protandrous and self-compatible,but open-pollinated plants attained the highest reproductive success,suggesting that reproduction is mainly dependent on pollinator *** opifex bumblebees were the most frequent visitors,but Sappho sparganura hummingbirds dominated visits early in the morning and at *** was typical of bumblebee *** suggest that the bee–hummingbird mixed visitation constitutes an unstable evolutionary situation,making *** an ideal system to understand the ecological circumstances in which pollination shifts occur.

关键词： Salvia sexual phases nectar dynamics breeding system pollinator behaviour

Aggregation and mating success of Capnodis tenebrionis （Coleoptera： Buprestidae）

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Insect Science 2014年第2期21卷 203-212页

作者： Carmelo Peter Bonsignore Theresa Melanie Jones Dipartimento Patrimonio Architettonico e Urbanistico PAU Laboratorio di Entomologia ed Ecologia Applicata Universita Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria Safita Mefissari Reggio Calabria Italy department of Zoology The University of Melbourne 3010 Victoria Austrafia

An understanding of the relative importance of extrinsic and intrinsic factors in determining the potential distribution and mating success of individuals is critical for the successful monitoring and management of pest species. Using a combination of field observations and a caged field experiment, we explored the roles of environmental and individual variation on the formation of mating aggregations and mating success in the buprestid beetle Capnodis tenebrionis （Linnaeus, 1767）, a pest species of stone fruit trees. Our field observations revealed that the formation of aggregations is influenced by a range of environmental factors including temperature, photoperiod, and population density. However, aggregations were not at random and were more likely to occur on the section of the plant with highest incidence of solar radiation and thus higher temperatures. Data from our experiment with caged beetles in the field further indicate that the reproductive behavior of this species varies with temperature. The probability of a successful mating occurring was also positively related to both male and female size. Females of C. tenebrionis mate several times over a 4-h period, but generally not with the same male. Information obtained from these studies is useful to define the most appropriate time for pest control, especially adopting strategies that interfere with reproduction.

关键词： body size Buprestidae Capnodis Coleoptera mating success sexualselection