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East African Cassava Mosaic Virus and East African Cassava Mosaic Cameroon Virus: Two Species Emerging in Togo

Agricultural Sciences 2024年第8期15卷 864-876页

作者： Senya Sakina Allado Kossikouma Djodji Adjata Justin Simon Pita Kodjovi Atassé Dansou-Kodjo Assion Sétu Mivedor Koffi Tozo laboratoire de Virologie et de biotechnologies vgtales Ecole Suprieure dAgronomie (ESA) Universit de Lom Lom Togo Laboratory of Plant Virology Universit Flix Houphout-Boigny Ple Scientifique et dInnovation Bingerville Cte dIvoire laboratoire de physiologie et biotechnologies vgtales Facult des Sciences Universit de Lom Lom Togo

Cassava mosaic disease (CMD) caused by the whitefly-transmitted Begomoviruses (family Geminiviridae) is a major threat to production of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Togo. Survey was conducted in 2020 in the 5 agroecological zones of Togo to assess the status of East African cassava mosaic virus (EACMV), East African cassava mosaic Cameroon virus (EACMCMV) and its distribution. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger sequencing were used for the detection of cassava mosaic Begomoviruses (CMBs) in the sampled leaves. The incidence of EACMV was 47.93% (278/580) and varied between 41.30% (Zone V) and 62.29% (Zone IV) across the agroecological zone but no significant difference was observed. The EACMCMV incidence was 13.67% (38/278) and varied significantly (p ≤ 0.001) through the agroecological zone. Phylogenetic analysis of the viral isolates showed that they are closely related to those from Nigeria, Ghana, and Ivory coast. Nucleotide sequence analysis of CP revealed an overall genetic diversity (π) of around 3.4%. These results showed that EACMV was the predominant virus and that EACMCMV incidence could be more widespread in Togo.

关键词： Begomovirus PCR EACMV EACMCMV Togo Genetic Diversity

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Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Compounds Content of Extracts from Ceratotheca sesamoides Endl and Striga hermonthica (delille) Benth Used as Antheminthic in Burkina Faso

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2022年第11期10卷 203-213页

作者： Dicko Amadou Kam Eric Sami Hadidjatou Belem Konaté Almamy Tindano Basile Meda Roland Nâg-Tiéro Ahoua Angora Rémi Constant Koné Mamidou Witabouna Kaboré Adama Traoré Amadou Bayala Balé Tamboura Hamidou Hamadou laboratoire de Biologie et Santé Animale (LaBioSA) Centre National de recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST)/Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso laboratoire de Recherche et d’Enseignement en Santé et biotechnologies Animales Unité de Formation et de Recherches en Sciences et Technique Université Nazi BONI Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso laboratoire de physiologie Animale (LaPA) Unité de Formation et de Recherches en Sciences de la vie et de la Terre Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso laboratoire de Botanique et Valorisation de la Diversité Végétale (LaBVDIV) Université Nangui Abrogoua Abidjan C&ocirc te d’Ivoire Centre Suisse de Recherche en Cô te d’Ivoire Abidjan C&ocirc te d’Ivoire

The revaluation of medicinal plants in the veterinary pharmacopoeia is essential for the development of livestock in Burkina Faso. In order to justify the use of C. sesamoides and S. hermonthica in the treatment of gastrointestinal parasitosis of small ruminants, a quantification of phenolic compounds as well as antioxidant activity and acute toxicité evaluation of both plants were performed. Acute toxicity was evaluated by administering a single dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract of both plants to mice. The highest total polyphenol content for C. sesamo?des was obtained in the ethyl acetate fraction with 47.236 ± 2.57 mgEAG/100mg while that of S. hermonthica was 74.871 ± 2.57 mgEAG/100mg obtained with the n-butanol Fraction. The dichloromethane extract of S. hermonthica obtained the highest total flavonoid content with 7.31 ± 0.48 mgEQ/100 while the highest total flavonoid content of C. sesamo?des was obtained with ethyl acetate fraction with 5.4273 ± 0.35 mgEQ/100mg. The aqueous extract of C. sesamo?des obtained the highest content of condensed tannins with 3.028 ± 0.13 mgEAT/100mg. Both plant’s extracts did not show any signs of toxicity in NMRI mice after administration of the dose of 2000 mg/kg. The antioxidant activity by DPPH, FRAP and ABTS methods was good compared to those of Quercetin and Trolox taken as standard.

关键词： C. sesamoides S. hermonthica Polyphénols Content Flavonoids Content Condensed Tannins Antioxidant Activity

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Multiplex PCR for Identification and detection of Cassava Mosaic Begomoviruses in Togo

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Advances in Microbiology 2023年第11期13卷 517-525页

作者： Senya Sakina Allado Djodji Kossikouma Adjata Justin Simon Pita Assion Sétu Mivedor Kodjovi Atassé Dansou-Kodjo Koffi Tozo laboratoire de Virologie et de biotechnologies Vé g&eacutetales Ecole Sup&eacuterieure d’Agronomie (ESA) Universit&eacute de Lom&eacute Lom&eacute Togo Laboratory of Plant Virology Universit&eacute F&eacutelix Houphou&eumlt-Boigny P&ocircle Scientifique et d’Innovation Bingerville C&ocircte d’Ivoire laboratoire de physiologie et biotechnologies Vé g&eacutetales Facult&eacute des Sciences Universit&eacute de Lom&eacute Lom&eacute Togo

Cassava mosaic disease (CMD) caused by Cassava Mosaic Begomoviruses (CMBs) is one of the most devastating crop diseases and a major constraint for cassava production. In order to ensure surveillance for epidemic prevention, low-cost diagnostic tools are appropriate for large-scale testing of cassava viruses. Multiplex PCR diagnosis is one approach that can reduce diagnostic costs and delays. A multiplex PCR approach was developed for simultaneous detection of African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV), East African Cassava Mosaic Virus and East African cassava mosaic Cameroon virus (EACMV/CM) in Togo CMD-infected cassava leaves. Three primers pairs were used to target their respective viruses in a single tube PCR. Multiplex PCR detected ACMV, EACMV and EACMV/CM in plant DNA extracts prepared from cassava leaves infected with CMB. The primers amplified 783 bp specific to ACMV, 650 bp specific to EACMV and 560 bp specific to EACMCV/CM in both uniplex and multiplex formats. Multiplex PCR is an excellent tool for the effective control of cassava diseases. .

关键词： Cassava Begomovirus CMD CMB EACMV/CM PCR Multiplex

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Antibacterial Activity and Toxicity of the Sap and Aqueous Extract of the Leaves of Jatropha multifida Linn

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2022年第7期10卷 171-182页

作者： Maximin Senou Jacques Ezéchiel Lokonon Edjégué Oloroun-Togni Ruth Abissi Félicienne Agbogba René J. dehou Espérance Medoatinsa Pascal Tchogou Boris Fresel Cachon Alban Houngbeme Eugène Attakpa Amègnona Agbonon Lamine Baba-Moussa Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Biology National School of Applied Biosciences and Biotechnologies National University of Sciences Technologies Engineering and Mathematics (UNSTIM) Abomey The Republic of Benin laboratoire de Biologie Appliquée (LARBA) Ecole Polytechnique d’Abomey-Calavi (EPAC) Université d’Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Godomey The Republic of Benin laboratoire National de Pharmacognosie/Centre Béninois de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique (CBRST) Cotonou The Republic of Benin laboratoire de Physiopathologie Moléculaire et Toxicologie de la Faculté des Sciences et Techniques (FAST) de l’Université d’Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Godomey The Republic of Benin laboratoire de physiologie/Pharmacologie Faculté des Sciences Université de Lomé Lome The Republic of Togo Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou The Republic of Benin

Introduction: Jatropha multifida Lin was a plant of traditional Beninese medicine used as an antibiotic. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity and the toxicity of the sap and the aqueous extract of Jatropha multifida leaves. Methods: Phytochemical screening of Jatropha multifida leaves was carried out. The extract was obtained by maceration. The antimicrobial activity of sap and leaves was evaluated on the five strains of hospital germs. Acute oral toxicity by forced gavage in a single dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight was performed on female Wistar rats. Biochemical and hematological parameters were determined. Results: The presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, anthocyanins, mucilages, leuco-anthocyanins and saponosides was noted in the leaves of Jatropha multifida. The aqueous extracts of the leaves inhibited two strains of Staphylococcus aureus out of three, while the sap of Jatropha multifida was 100% bactericidal against the strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus D. The sap and aqueous leaf extract were not bactericidal on strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. For the toxicity, there was no death of rats and the aqueous extract of the leaves did not significantly vary the weight of the rats, the creatinine, the ALAT transaminase, the hemoglobin level, the number of white blood cells and blood platelets. Conclusion: The sap of Jatropha multifida exerted a more effective antibacterial activity than the aqueous extract of its leaves. The leaves were not acutely toxic.

关键词： Jatropha multifida Antibacterial Activity Toxicity Benin

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