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Microbiological Quality of Cyperus esculentus L. Products sold in Ouagadougou and Bobo Dioulasso (Burkina Faso)

Open Journal of Applied sciences 2024年第3期14卷 635-642页

作者： Zénabou semdé Passinguemsin Alice sonia Tiendrebeogo Bahanla Edwige Oboulbiga Charles Parkouda Hagrétou sawadogo Lingani laboratoire des sciences et Technologies des Aliments et nutrition Département technologie alimentaire IRSAT CNRST Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

This study aimed to assess the microbiological quality of tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L.) products sold in Ouagadougou and Bobo Dioulasso. The microbial load of tubers and tiger nut milk was determined using IsO 4833-1 (2003) standard (total mesophilic aerobic flora), NF IsO 7954 (1998) standard (yeasts and molds), and IsO 4832 (2006) standard (total coliforms, thermotolerant coliforms). The results showed that tiger nut tubers had an average microbial load between 4.86 ± 7.03 × 10sup>6sup> UFC/g and 1.82 ± 2.30 × 10sup>7sup> UFC/g for total mesophilic aerobic flora, from 4.34 ± 10.6 × 10sup>5sup> UFC/g to 3.52 ± 4.54 × 10sup>6sup> UFC/g for yeasts and molds, from 2.23 ± 2.25 × 10sup>5sup> UFC/g to 1.41 ± 2.16 × 10sup>5sup> UFC/g for total coliforms and from 1.83 ± 2.03 × 10sup>5sup> UFC/g to 7.0 ± 10.8 × 10sup>4sup> CFU/g for thermotolerant coliforms. For tiger nut milk samples, the average microbial load varied from 3.48 ± 2.98 × 10sup>6sup> CFU/g to 2.80 ± 5.69 × 107 CFU/g for total mesophilic aerobic flora, from 5.00 ± 7.21 × 10sup>4sup> CFU/g to 1.88 ± 3.31 × 10sup>5sup> CFU/g for yeasts and molds, from 4.58 ± 10.4 × 10sup>4sup> CFU/g to 6.31 ± 9.17 × 10sup>5sup> CFU/g for total coliforms and 7.00 ± 7.00 × 10sup>3sup> CFU/g to 2.87 ± 5.86 × 10sup>5sup> CFU/g for thermotolerant coliforms. This study revealed that the tubers and tiger nut milk sold in Ouagadougou and Bobo Dioulasso had a high microbial load which could lead to the degradation of these products and food poisoning for consumers.

关键词： Cyperus esculentus L. Tiger Nut Tubers Tiger Nut Milk Microbiological Quality

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Phytochemical screening and Assays of Phenolic Compounds in senna occidentalis L. Leaf and seed Extracts

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Food and nutrition sciences 2024年第7期15卷 499-508页

作者： Edmond Antoine Badock Lahat Niang Abdoulaye Dramé Célestine Nkounkou-Loumpangou Omar Touré Omar sokhna Nicolas Cyrille Ayessou Mady Cissé Ecole suprieure Polytechnique Laboratoire Eau Energie Environnement et Procds Industriels (LE3PI) Universit Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Sngal Ecole suprieure Polytechnique Centre dEtudes sur la Scurit Alimentaire et les Molcules Fonctionnelles (CESAM-RESCIF) Universit Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Sngal laboratoire de Valorisation des Produits de la Biomasse Dpartement de Chimie Universit Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar Dakar Sngal Unit de Chimie du Vgtal et de la Vie Facult des Sciences et Techniques Universit Marien NGOUABI Brazzaville Republic of the Congo laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Bio-Organique Dpartement de Chimie Facult des Sciences et Techniques/UCAD Universit Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Sngal

Phytochemical screening and assay of secondary metabolites, crude extracts with distilled water, aqueous methanol, aqueous acetone and aqueous ethanol of leaves and seeds of senna occidentalis L. were studied in this work. The aim was to verify the distribution of secondary metabolites according to s. occidentalis organs. Four leaf samples from four different localities (south, East, West and Central senegal) and a mixed sample of seeds were used. Functional molecules such as polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins were then assessed in the leaves and seeds using various standard methods. The results show that senna occidentalis L. leaf and seed samples display an identical and homogeneous profile, regardless of locality. They contain secondary metabolites and the polyphenol content of extracts from southern, eastern, western and central leaves is: 0.620 - 0.539 - 0.811 - 0.573 g GAE/100 g DM;flavonoids: 0.064 - 0.074 - 0.130 - 0.101 g CE/100 g DM and tannins: 0.326 - 0.264 - 0.269 - 0.494 g TAE/100 g DM. The efficacy of s. occidentalis L. infusions in therapy is thus justified by the presence of these metabolites, whose biological properties are well known. It is then possible to explore isolation of active principles of senna occidentalis L. leaves and even seeds for producing medicines.

关键词： senna occidentalis L. Total Polyphenols Flavonoids Tannins

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detection of Adenovirus in Fresh Fruit, Vegetables, Wastewater and Manure from Irrigated Farms in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

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Food and nutrition sciences 2024年第7期15卷 644-662页

作者： Kuan Abdoulaye Traore Madou sanou Jean Bienvenue Ouoba Bruno Lalidia Ouoba Pierre Roques Nicolas Barro laboratoire de Biologie Molculaire dEpidmiologie et de Surveillance des Bactries et Virus Transmissibles par les Aliments (LaBESTA) Universit Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso laboratoire sciences de la Vie et de la Terre (LasVT) Universit Norbert ZONGO Koudougou Burkina Faso Virology Unit Institut Pasteur de Guine Conakry Guinea

Enteric viral pathogens are responsible for numerous epidemics associated with the consumption of fresh fruit and vegetable, whether raw or minimally processed. The aim of the present study was to assess agricultural practices and the presence of adenovirus (AdV) in fruits and vegetables, manure and irrigation wastewater sampled in the urban and peri-urban perimeters of Ouagadougou. A total of 286 samples including 30 lettuces, 42 tomatoes, 30 carrots, 30 strawberries, 74 manures and 80 wastewater samples were collected from four market garden sites in and around Ouagadougou. Nested PCR was performed with specific primers to detect adenoviruses (AdVs). A face-to-face survey was carried out using a questionnaire on market garden production practices. Overall, adenoviruses prevalence was 5.9% [IC95, 3.2% - 8.7%] in all samples analyzed. It was specifically 7.14% (3/42) from tomatoes, 6.7% (2/30) from lettuces, 20% (6/30) on strawberries and 7.5% (6/80) in irrigation water. The survey showed that irrigation water came from untreated sources (dam, well, canal) and then 52% of farms used untreated manure. No farms have implemented measures to limit access by domestic and wild animals. This work shows the presence of human adenoviruses in surface irrigation water and fresh produce, which is of concern when fresh produce is consumed raw. To reduce the public health risks associated with consuming these foods, it is essential to follow good hygiene and cultivation practices.

关键词： Adenovirus Raw Fruits and Vegetables Nested PCR Wastewater Manure Ouagadougou

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Obstacles to the Integrated Care of Children Aged 6 to 59 Months suffering from Acute and severe Malnutrition at the Chu-Me and HATC of N’Djamena/Chad

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Open Journal of Nursing 2024年第4期14卷 127-138页

作者： Madjiadoumbeye Romain Imar Djibrine soudy Ministè re de la Sant&#233 Publique et de la Pr&#233vention (Tchad) N&#8217Djamena Tchad laboratoire de Recherche en sciences des Aliments et nutrition Facult&#233 des Sciences de la Sant&#233 Humaine (FSSH) Universit&#233 de N&#8217Djamena N&#8217Djamena Tchad

Introduction: the problem of severe Acute Malnutrition (sAM) and its consequences concern and challenge all social actors worldwide. The objective of the study was to identify the real obstacles that actors face in the integrated management of children aged 6 - 59 months suffering from sAM at the University Hospital of Mother and Child (CHUME) and the Chad-China Friendship Hospital (HATC) of N’Djamena. Methodology: this is a cross-sectional descriptive and interpretative study conducted from January to October 2023 at the CHUME and HATC of N’Djamena. It is based on questionnaires and direct observation of two hundred and thirty-six (236) parents or guardians of malnourished children admitted to these health facilities. All 236 agreed to participate freely in this study. Results: it appears from this study that the obstacles to the integrated management of malnourished children were: poor care-care relationship (26.7%) permanent product breaks (22.9%), the direct costs of services ranged from 30,000 to 60,000 FCFA (41.53%), drugs used for the treatment of patients came from the street (66.10%), malaria and anemia occupy an important place (27.5%), 57.2% respondents had monthly income below 60,000 CFAF. Conclusion: the present study carried out has identified the real bottlenecks to the integrated management of children suffering from sAM in the therapeutic nutritional units of the city of N’Djamena. .

关键词： Integrated Management Child 6 - 59 Months sAM

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Fatty Acid Composition of Hazelnut Kernel Oil from Coula edulis Collected in the Republic of Congo

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Food and nutrition sciences 2024年第4期15卷 290-297页

作者： Josiane Enzonga Yoca Jean Paul Latran Ossoko Yves Okandza Michel Didace Mvoula Tsieri laboratoire de Contrô le et Qualit&#233 des Aliments de l&#8217Ecole Nationale Sup&#233rieure d&#8217Agronomie et de Foresterie Universit&#233 Marien NGOUABI Brazzaville Congo Université Denis Sassou NGUESSO Brazzaville Congo

Coula edulis is non-timber forest product (NTFP) used in Africa for its hazelnuts, which contain edible seeds with a demonstrated nutritional potential. However, there have been very few scientific studies of this species in the Republic of Congo. Thus, the aim of the current study was therefore to determine the fatty acid composition of the oil extracted from Coula edulis hazelnut seeds collected at random in the Republic of Congo. The oil was extracted using the soxhlet method and its fatty acid composition was determined by gas chromatography. The extracted oil from Coula edulis hazelnut kernels is rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (95.28%), particularly oleic acid (94.5%), which classifies it as an oleic oil and gives it interesting nutritional and therapeutic properties. On the other hand, saturated fatty acids (4.15%) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (0.35%) are not well represented. Its low poly-unsaturated fatty acid content makes it more stable when stored at room temperature.

关键词： Coula edulis Fatty Acids Oil seeds Hazelnuts Republic of Congo NTFP

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Glycemic Responses of Food Formulations Based on White Rice and White Bean

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Food and nutrition sciences 2023年第3期14卷 225-232页

作者： Assita Yao Jean-Brice Gbakayoro Cyrille Tan Anselme N’guessan Jocelyne Danho Frank Kouassi Adélaïde Hué Pierre Koffi-Dago Mory Traoré salahoudine Maman Jacko Abodo Albarin Gbogouri service d’Endocrinologie Diabétologie du CHU de Yopougon Abidjan Côte d’Ivoire laboratoire de nutrition et sécurité alimentaire Université Nangui Abrogoua Abidjan Côte d’Ivoire

The management of diabetes mellitus is based on lifestyle and dietary measures suggesting the consumption of foods with a low glycemic index. The present study was conducted in order to propose food formulas based on white rice and white beans resulting in a lower glycemic response. For this, food formulations based on these foods were first made, in particular the formulation [75% white rice + 25% white beans] and the formulation [50% rice + 50% white beans]. Then, the biochemical composition of white rice, white bean and these two formulations was determined by the usual methods. Finally, their glycemic responses over 120 minutes were studied by the FAO/ WHO 1998 method. The results showed that white rice [100% white rice] had the highest carbohydrate content (54.61%) followed respectively by the formulation [75% white rice + 25% white bean] (45.69%), the white bean [100% white bean] (29.1%) and the formulation [50% white rice + 50% white bean] (26.16%). In terms of glycemic responses, the formulation [50% white rice + 50% white beans] presented the best evolution with a lower peak (6.041 mmol/L) observed at T45sub>minsub> and a lower postprandial glycemia (4.872 mmol/ L) at T120sub>minsub>. An increase in the proportion of beans is therefore recommended as it may suggest a beneficial metabolic effect.

关键词： White Rice White Bean Food Formulation Glycemic Response

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Potassium sources, microorganisms and plant nutrition: Challenges and future research directions

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Pedosphere 2023年第1期33卷 105-115页

作者： Abdoulaye sOUMARE Djibril sARR Abdala G.DIÉDHIOU UFR sT Departement of AgroforestryAssane Seck University of Ziguinchor(UASZ)Ziguinchor BP 523Senegal laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie(LCM) IRD/ISRA/UniversitéCheikh Anta Diop(UCAD)Centre de Recherche de Bel AirDakar BP 1386Senegal Centre d’Excellence Africain en Agriculture pour la sécuritéalimentaire et nutritionnelle(CEA-AGRIsAN) UCADDakar BP 5005Senegal Département de Biologie Végétale Facultédes Sciences et TechniquesUCADDakar BP 5005Senegal

Until recently,potassium(K)has not received considerable attention because of the general belief that soils contain ample amounts of this *** addition,low rates of K fertilizer application in agriculture have led to rapid depletion of K in the rhizosphere soil in many underdeveloped *** results in various negative impacts,including preventing optimum utilization of applied nitrogen and phosphorus *** compensate for these losses,massive use of K fertilizers in agriculture has been *** fertilizers are manufactured from rock minerals,particularly sylvite(KCl)and carnallite(KCl·MgCl2·6H2O).Unfortunately,to date,there is no cost-effective technology available for converting rock minerals into potassic ***-solubilizing microorganisms(KsMs)can release K from soil/minerals into plant-available forms,which could be a sustainable *** possibility of using KsMs as efficient biofertilizers to improve crop production has been increasingly highlighted by *** this review,the existing forms of K in soils and their availability and dynamic equilibrium are *** addition,different K fertilizers and their advantages and disadvantages for crops are ***,the microorganisms usually reported as K solubilizers,the research progress on KsMs,and future insights on the use of these KsMs in agriculture are *** and analyses of the published literature show that organic acid production is the common mechanism of K solubilization by bacteria and *** review may serve as a proposal for the future research avenues identified here.

关键词： biofertilizer crop production organic acid K solubilization K-solubilizing microorganisms rock minerals

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Functional properties of peptides obtained from whey proteins by ficin extract hydrolysis

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Food Bioscience 2022年第3期47卷 918-927页

作者： Afaf Kheroufi María E.Brassesco Débora A.Campos Halima Boughellout Manuela E.Pintado laboratoire de Génie Agro-alimentaire équipe Génie des Procédés AlimentairesBiodiversité et Agro environnementInstitut de la Nutritionde l’Alimentation et des Technologies Agroalimentaires INATAAUniversité Frères Mentouri Constantine 1BP 325 Route de Ain El BeyConstantineAlgeria CBQF – Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado Escola Superior de BiotecnologiaUniversidade Católica Portuguesa/PortoRua de Diogo Botelho 13274169-005PortoPortugal

Enzymatic whey proteins concentrates (WPC) hydrolysis under optimal conditions of ficin crude extract (FCE) in two ratios E/s (0.5 and 1%) was studied,assessing the impact of hydrolysis on WPC by determination degree of hydrolysis (DH),Fast proteins liquid chromatography (FPLC),Tricine sDs-PAGE,antioxidant activity at sampling time beside,and technological properties (solubility,emulsifying activity index (EAI) and foaming activity (FA)) at the best condition (maximum DH and antioxidant activity) other *** showed,in the first 30 min,DH reached 22.76% at E/s (1%) with a total degradation of α-lactalbumin (α-La) and almost of β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg).A significant increase in antioxidant activity and solubility was observed,while not for EAI,and *** results indicate for the first time that β-Lg is susceptible to hydrolyse by FCE that rarely found for other *** hydrolysates showed very relevant performance,and suggest that could be appropriate production of functional ingredients.

关键词： Whey proteins Ficin Hydrolysis Antioxidant solubility

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Impact of Extraction on Biochemical Properties and Antioxidant Potential of Momordica charantia L. seeds’ Oil

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Food and nutrition sciences 2022年第2期13卷 147-164页

作者： Balde samba Ayessou Nicolas Cyrille Khadim Niane Bou Ndiaye Mady Cisse Codou Mar Diop Centre d’etude sur la sécurité alimentaire et les Molécules fonctionnelles (CEsAM) Université Cheikh Anta DIOP de Dakar Fann Sénégal

In this study, the influence of provenance and extraction methods on the physicochemical properties and the antioxidant potential of M. charantia seeds oil were evaluated. The oil is obtained on the one hand by cold extraction with hexane and on the other hand by hot extraction with soxhlet. The results obtained show that the extraction yield is significantly impacted by the extraction methods and the origin of the seeds. In addition, the soxhlet extraction gives a higher oil yield (32.07 ± 0.01). Cold extraction has made it possible to obtain oils with less attenuated physicochemical characteristics. Indeed, the acid numbers are high in the oils extracted by soxhlet (5.92 ± 0.25;4.25 ± 0.62 and 13.86 ± 0.83) than in those cold extracted with very low peroxide for all the oils obtained. On the other hand, the iodine and refractive indices are high in oils obtained cold (91.58 ± 0.85;100.74 ± 0.03 and 102.08 ± 0.28) (1.53 ± 0.01;1.52 ± 0.01 and 1.52 ± 0.01) with low saponification indices. The polyphenol concentrations and the anti-free radical activity are higher with the oils obtained cold (0.086 ± 0.001;0.08 ± 0.000 and 0.09 ± 0.01 mgEAG/g of oil) and (DPPH) (55.75% ± 1.16%;55.03% ± 0.72% and 56.35% ± 0.45%). The color parameters (L*, a* and b*) of the different oils extracted also vary depending on the extraction method used. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and correlation analysis were performed on the physicochemical properties and the antioxidant potential of the extracted oils. Therefore, the results suggest cold extraction to obtain a good quality and oxidation resistant oil.

关键词： Momordica charantia Oil Antioxidant Potential Extraction

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High voltage electrical treatments can eco-efficiently promote the production of high added value peptides during chymotryptic hydrolysis of β-lactoglobulin

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Food Bioscience 2022年第3期47卷 197-210页

作者： Rock-seth Agoua Laurent Bazinet Jacinthe Thibodeau Eugène Vorobiev Nabil Grimi sergey Mikhaylin Institute of nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF) Dairy Research Center (STELA)Food Science DepartmentUniversité LavalQuébecQCCanada Laboratory of Food sustainability (EcoFoodLab) Food Science DepartmentUniversité LavalQuébecQCCanada laboratoire de Transformation alimentaire et Procédés Électro-Membranaires (LTAPEM) Food Science DepartmentUniversité LavalQuébecQCCanada University of Technology of Compiègne Laboratory of Agro-industrial technologiesCompiègneFrance

Chymotryptic hydrolysis of β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) leads to the release of a wide range of biofunctional ***,the proteolysis of native β-lg is limited due to its compact globular structure,thus ending with low yields of *** our previous study showed that eco-efficient High Voltage Electric Treatments (HVet),namely Pulsed Electric Fields (PEF) and Electric Arc (ARC),of β-lg substantially improved its enzymatic hydrolysis,no information regarding the nature of released peptides is available up to ***,the time-dependent release of peptides and the dynamics of this release were discussed in the current *** analysis of the final hydrolysates showed that chymotrypsinolysis of HVet samples released 19% more peptides with higher concentration than the native and preheated ***,1-min HVet were found to be more efficient than 10-min ones as they led to the release of bioactive peptides (even without chymotrypsin) with higher eco-efficiency scores.

关键词： β-lactoglobulin Peptides High-voltage electrical treatments Eco-efficiency Chymotrypsin Hydrolysis.

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