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Satellite monitoring of land-use and land-cover changes in northern Togo protected areas

Journal of Forestry Research 2014年第2期25卷 385-392页

作者： Fousseni Folega Chun-yu Zhang Xiu-hai Zhao Kperkouma Wala Komlan Batawila Hua-guo Huang Marra Dourma Koffi Akpagana The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education Beijing Forestry University Université de Lomé Laboratoire de botanique et écologie végétaleFaculté des sciences

Remote-sensing data for protected areas in northern Togo, obtained in three different years （2007, 2000, and 1987）, were used to assess and map changes in land cover and land use for this drought prone zone. The normalized difference vegetation index （NDvI） was applied to the images to map changes in vegetation. An unsupervised classification, followed by classes recoding, filtering, identifications, area computing and post-classification process were applied to the composite of the three years of NDvI images. Maximum likelihood classification was applied to the 2007 image （etM＋2007） using a supervised classification process. Seven vegetation classes were defined from training data sets. The seven classes included the following biomes： riparian forest, dry forest, flooded vegetation, wooded savanna, fallows, parkland, and water. For these classes, the overall accuracy and the overall kappa statistic for the classi- fied map were 72.5% and 0.67, respectively. Data analyses indicated a great change in land resources; especially between 1987 and 2000 proba- bly due to the impact of democratization process social, economic, and political disorder from 1990. Wide-scale loss of vegetation occurred during this period. However, areas of vegetation clearing and regrowth were more visible between 2000 and 2007. The main source of confusion in the contingency matrix was due to heterogeneity within certain classes. It could also be due to spectral homogeneity among the classes. This research provides a baseline for future ecological landscape research and for the next management program in the area.

关键词： land change NDvI land cover protected areas Northern Togo

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Long Term Evaluation of green vegetation Cover Dynamic in the Atacora Mountain Chain(Togo) and its Relation to Carbon Sequestration in West Africa

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Journal of Mountain Science 2015年第4期12卷 921-934页

作者： Fousseni FOLEgA Yao Agbélessessi WOEgAN Dourma MARRA Kperkouma WALA Komlan BATAWILA Jean Leonardo SEBURANgA ZHANg Chun-yu PENg Dao-li ZHAO Xiu-hai Koffi AKPAgANA Université de Lomé Laboratoire de botanique et écologie végétale Faculté des Sciences The Key Laboratory for Forest Resources & Ecosystem Processes of Beijing Beijing Forestry University department of Biology Faculty of Science National University of Rwanda

The research was done in the Atacora Mountain chain in Togo which tended to assess the change of vegetation cover during a 24-year *** also aims to evaluate the dynamic of the net primary productivity(NPP) of the living plants over the same *** Landsat imagery covering three different periods(1987, 2000, and 2011) was pre-processed to correct atmospheric and radiometric parameters as well as gapfilling the 2011 SCL-off ***, the vegetation indices such as NDvI(normalized difference vegetation index), SR(simple ratiovegetation index), SAvI(soil-adjusted vegetation index), and CASA(carnegie- ames- stanford approach)model for NPP were applied on these images after masking the study *** results showed a quiet decrease in the vegetation *** vegetation loss was more significant from 2000 to 2011 than from1987 to 2000, and anthropogenic activities can be deemed as the main cause of the vegetation *** biomass assessment by NPP computation also showed a decrease over the *** to the change of the vegetation cover, the ecosystem net productivity was very low in 2011 compared to 2000 and *** seems that the general health condition of thevegetation, including its potentiality in carbon sinking,was negatively affected in this area, which has already been under threatened.A perpetual monitoring of these ecosystems by means of efficient techniques could enhance the sustainable management tools of in the framework of reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation(REDD).

关键词： vegetation cover NPP Carbon sinking Biomass Togo

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Water quality in forest and village ponds in Burkina Faso(western Africa)

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Journal of Forestry Research 2017年第5期28卷 1039-1048页

作者： Bilass Zongo Frdric Zongo Aboubacar Toguyeni Joseph I.Boussim laboratoire de Biologie et ecologie vgtales Universit de Ouagadougou Unit de Recherche Aquaculture et Biodiversit Aquatique laboratoire d'etude et de Recherche sur les Ressources Naturelles et les Sciences Environnementales Universit Polytechnique de Bobo-Dioulasso

Forest ecosystems help conserve the quality of water resources in aquatic habitats. The conservation of biological diversity in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems remains a communal concern. Aquatic ecosystems and resources are vulnerable but can be preserved and protected by forests. In sub-Saharan regions of Africa, water from ecosystems such as ponds still play important role in the livelihood of local populations. Water from temporary ponds is used by local populations for multiple needs; however, in this part of the world, the population is increasing, thus increasing human needs and activities and land use in the region. Land-use changes lead to deforestation, land degradation and the decline in freshwater, affecting human health and well-being. Forest degradation leads to the decline in ecosystem goods and services, particularly those related to watersheds. This study conducted in eastern Burkina Faso aimed to assess water quality of temporary ponds in protected forest areas (reserves) and surrounding villages. It was conducted in 61 temporary ponds where physical, chemical and biological variables were measured, such as water surface area, depth, transparency, macrophyte cover, pH, dissolved O2, conductivity, nutrient concentrations and algae biomass. The results showed that at p depth (p = 0.00), nutrient content (p = 0.00), and algae biomass (p = 0.04) were significantly higher outside reserves than inside reserves. In contrast, macrophyte cover (mean cover percentages 53 vs. 44.5%) and water transparency (p = 0.02) were higher inside reserves. The variations in conductivity and pH were not significant. All trends showed the influences of human activities on water characteristics and the role forests and land cover had in preventing negative human impacts and disturbance of temporary ponds. Forests and land cover are important to water quality conservation and algae biomass regulation in temporary ponds. Prot

关键词： Ecosystem services Pond water Reserves variables Western Africa

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Nickel levels in arthropods associated with Ni hyperaccumulator plants from an ultramafic site in New Caledonia

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Insect Science 2006年第4期13卷 271-277页

作者： ROBERT S. BOYD MICHAEL A. WALL TANgUY JAFFRE department of Biological Sciences Auburn University Auburn Alabama USA Entomology department San Diego Natural History Museum San Diego California USA laboratoire de botanique et d'ecologie végétale Appliquées IRD - Institut de recherche pour le développement Centre de Nouméa Nouméa New Caledonia

Arthropods （mainly insects） were collected from a forest site that contained at least six species of Ni hyperaccumulators. Whole body Ni analysis was performed for 12 arthropod taxa, two of which were studied at different life cycle stages. We found two Nitolerant insects. The pentatomid heteropteran Utana viridipuncta, feeding on fruits of the Ni hyperaccumulator Hybanthus austrocaledonicus, contained a mean of 2 600 μg Ni/g in nymphs and 750μg Ni/g in adults. The tephritid fly Bactrocera psidii, feeding on pulp of Sebertia acuminata fruits that contained 6 900μg Ni/g, contained 420μg Ni/g as larvae that had evacuated their guts and significantly less （65μg Ni/g） as adults. European honeybees （Apis mellifera） visiting flowers of the Ni hyperaccumulator H. austrocaledonicus contained significantly more Ni （8-fold more） than those collected from flowers of Myodocarpus fraxinifolius, a non-hyperaccumulator. Our results show that some insects feed on Ni hyperaccumulator plants and that their feeding mobilizes Ni into local food webs.

关键词： biomagnification food web heavy metal herbivory hyperaccumulation metal tolerance

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Morphological characterization and habitat suitability modeling of the goat population of Benin under climate change scenarios

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 631-653页

作者： Habib Rainier vihotogbe Whannou Cossi Ulriche Afatondji Côme Agossa Linsoussi gnimansou Abraham Favi Thanh Thi Nguyen Marcel Romuald Benjamin Houinato Luc Hippolyte Dossa Ecole des Sciences et Techniques de Production Animale Facultédes Sci-ences AgronomiquesUniversitéd’Abomey-CalaviAbomey-CalaviBénin laboratoire d’ecologie Appliquée Facultédes Sciences AgronomiquesUni-versitéd’Abomey-CalaviAbomey-CalaviBénin laboratoire de botanique et ecologie végétale Facultédes Sciences et TechniquesUniversitéd’Abomey-CalaviAbomey-CalaviBénin Organic Plant Production and Agroecosys-tems Research in the Tropics and Subtropics Organic Agricultural SciencesUniversity of KasselWitzenhausenGermany.

Background:Insufficient knowledge of the genetic and phenotypic diversity in the local Beninese goat population combined with the lack of understanding of its adaptive capacity to ongoing environmental and societal changes hampers the development of strategies for better management and genetic *** objective of this study was to establish the current geographical distribution of goats in Benin based on their morphology and model the potential habitat suitability of the three known main goat phenotypes(i.e.,Djallonkégoat or TypeⅠ,Sahelian goat or TypeⅡ,and their Crossbreeds or TypeⅢ)under climate change *** qualitative and 26 linear body measurements were taken on 2114 adult female goats sampled across the three vegetation zones of the *** ratios were generated from the quantitative *** data were analyzed using generalized linear model procedures followed by multiple comparisons of least-squares means and multivariate analytical methods,including canonical discrimination analysis and hierarchical ascendant *** goat was then assigned to one of the three aforementioned main goat phenotypes following its morphological characteristics and according to the a priori cluster membership defined in the previous *** Maximum Entropy algorithm was used to model the current and future distribution of the three goat phenotypes under climate change scenario using the Representative Conservation Pathways 4.5 and ***:All linear body measurements varied among vegetation *** the discriminant function analysis,71%of the measured individuals were correctly classified in their vegetation zone of origin by seven measured variables and three *** cluster procedure analysis revealed two groups of goats subdivided into the three main *** modeling results showed that the currently highly favorable habitats were distributed in the South for TypeⅠ,in the North for TypeⅡ,and both South and North for Type

关键词： Capra hircus Climate change Ecological niche modeling Farm animal species MaxEnt model Morphology

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Assessment of forest dieback on the Moroccan Central Plateau using spectral vegetation indices

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第3期34卷 793-808页

作者： Youssef Dallahi Amal Boujraf Modeste Meliho Collins Ashianga Orlando Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies Agrosciences and Environment(BioMAgE)Faculty of Sciences SemlaliaCadi Ayyad UniversityMarrakechMorocco laboratoire des Productions végétale Animales et Agro-industrieEquipe de BotaniqueBiotechnologie et Protection des PlantesFacultédes SciencesUniversitéIbn TofailKenitraMorocco Sociétés TerritoiresHistoires et PatrimoinesFacultédes Lettres et des Sciences HumainesUniversitéMohammed VRabatMorocco Rabat Morocco

Cork oak forests in Morocco are rich in resources and services thanks to their great biological diversity,playing an important ecological and socioeconomic *** degradation of the forests has been accentuated in recent years by signifi cant human pressure and eff ects of climate change;hence,the health of the stands needs to be *** this study,the google Engine Earth platform was leveraged to extract the normalized diff erence vegetation index(NDvI)and soil-adjusted vegetation index,from Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS satellite images between 2015 and 2017 to assess the health of the Sibara Forest in *** results highlight the importance of interannual variations in NDvI in forest monitoring;the variations had a signifi cantly high relationship(pvely and negatively correlated with mean annual precipitation and mean annual temperature with respective coeffi cients of 0.49 and−0.67,highlighting its ability to predict phenotypic changes in forest *** interannual variation in NDvI between 2016 and 2017 seemed to confi rm fi eld observations of cork oak dieback in 2018,with the largest decreases in NDvI(up to−38%)in december in the most-aff ected *** of the infl uence of ecological factors on dieback highlighted the role of substrate as a driver of dieback,with the most severely aff ected plots characterized by granite-granodiorite substrates.

关键词： Forest health monitoring Remote sensing Dieback vegetation indices Sibara forest

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In vitro antiplasmodial activity of crude extracts from Togolese medicinal plants

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第2期4卷 129-132页

作者： Koffi Koudouvo Simplice D.Karou denise P.Ilboudo Kouami Kokou Kodjo Essien Kodjo Aklikokou Comlan de Souza Jacques Simpore Mensavi gbeassor Centre de Recherche et de Formation sur les Plantes Medicinales(CERFOPLAM) Universite de LomeTogo laboratoire de botanique et d'ecologie vegetale Faculte des SciencesUniversite de LomeTogo Centre de recherche Biomoleculaire Pietro Annigoni(CERBA) OuagadougouBurkina Faso

Objective:To investigate the antimalarial effect of a few plants in Togo folk medicine. Methods:After ethnobotanical survey,Opilia celtidifolia,Pavetta corymbosa（***） and Tamarindus indica（***） were selected for *** vitro antimalarial tests were performed on crude extracts against fresh clinical isolates of Plasmodium falciparum using the semi ***:Different IC50,values of the extracts ranged from 2.042 to 100.000μg/mL. According to the results,the methanol extract of aerial part of *** followed by aqueous extract of fruit of *** were the most active(IC50 of 2.042 and 4.786μg/mL,respectively). Qualitative test revealed the presence of alkaloids in the leaves of *** that may be responsible for the activity of the ***:Our study provides scientific evidence for usage of plant in the folk medicine,and further studies are needed for identification and purification of the active principles.

关键词： Medicinal plants In vitro Screening Plasmodium falciparum

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The allometry of number of feathers in birds changes seasonally

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Chinese Birds 2015年第1期6卷 1-5页

作者： Anders Pape Mller laboratoire d’ecologie Systématique et Evolution CNRS UMR 8079Université Paris-Sud

Background: Feathers are a defining feature of birds with multiple functions such as flight, insulation, protection against predation and signaling. Feathers are lost during the annual molt while the rate of such loss at other times of the year and its fitness consequences remain poorly ***: I used information on the number and the mass of feathers for 160 individuals belonging to 85 species of birds in general linear mixed models to analyze allometry of feathers and to investigate possible factors explaining variation in the number of feathers. A phylogenetic effect was assessed by quantifying the random effect of ***: The total mass of feathers increased isometrically with body mass, while the total number of feathers and the mean mass of feathers showed negative allometry. Negative allometry implied that small-sized species had relatively many small feathers. There was a negative association between the number of feathers and migration distance. The total number of feathers initially increased during fall and winter, consistent with individuals growing more feathers later during the year or with individuals with fewer feathers selectively disappearing from the population. In contrast, the number of feathers decreased from winter through spring and ***: These findings suggest that thermoregulation has affected the evolution of the number and the size of feathers, there is selection against feather loss, and that the number of feathers varies across seasons.

关键词： Feather loss Molt Number of feathers Predation Thermoregulation

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Natural Distribution of <i>Nauclea diderrichii</i>(Rubiceae) in Semi deciduous Forest of Togo (West Africa) and Implementation of Integrated Silviculture

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第9期5卷 1220-1235页

作者： Kossi Adjonou Yaovi Nuto Paul P. Bosu Stephen Adu-Bredu Adzo Dzifa Kokutse Kouami Kokou Département de Zoologie Faculté des Sciences Université de Lomé Lomé Togo Forest Research Institute of ghana (FORIg) Kumasi Ghana laboratoire de botanique et ecologie végétale Faculté des Sciences Université de Lomé Lomé Togo

West African tropical forests spread from Senegal to Togo. They are considered as one of the world biodiversity hotspots. But these forests are disappearing very quickly because of human activities. In Togo, tropical forests degradation has been increased since 1980 because of improved coffee cultivation;about 67% of forests in the sub-humid mountains zone disappeared between 1978 and 2000. Facing this fast deterioration of the forests, populations begin to plant teak (an exotic species) that is the only choice proposed by local forest service. This survey consists in valuing the potentialities to restore the Togolese tropical forest using the local commercial species, recognized on the wood market. The first species retained is Nauclea diderrichii (de Wild. & Th. Dur.) Merrill, that spreads in the African tropical forest from the Sierra Leonne to Uganda and through the Congo basin. In Togo, this plant species colonises the plain of the Litimé. The objective of the present study is to analyze the distribution of the natural populations in the plain of Litimé forest but also natural and artificial regeneration of the species. The perspective is to repeat this experiment with other local species in other regions of Togo in order to diversify the plantations and to protect the local forest biodiversity.

关键词： Litimé Tropical Forests degradation Biodiversity Nauclea diderrichii (de Wild. & Th. Dur.) Merrill

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Woody species composition,diversity and structure of riparian forests of four watercourses types in Burkina Faso

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Journal of Forestry Research 2011年第2期22卷 145-158页

作者： Oumarou Sambaré Fidèle Bognounou Rüdiger Wittig Adjima Thiombiano laboratoire de Biologie et ecologie végétales UFR/SVTUniversité de OuagadougouBP 7021 Ouagadougou 03 Burkina Faso Botanical Institute J. W. Goethe-University Frankfurt/M. Germany

Riparian forests are classified as endangered ecosystems in general,particularly in sahelian countries like Burkina Faso because of human-induced alterations and civil engineering *** modification of this important habitat is continuing,with little attention being paid to the ecological or human consequences of these *** objective of this study is to describe the variation of woody species diversity and dynamic in riparian forests on different type of watercourse banks along phytogeographical gradient in Burkina *** woody species were systematically measured in 90 sample plots with sides of 50 m × 20 ***,dominance,frequency and species and family importance values were computed to characterize the species *** diver-sity indices were calculated to examine the heterogeneity of riparian forests.A total of 196 species representing 139 genera and 51 families were recorded in the overall riparian *** species richness of individuals with dbh ≥ 5cm increased significantly from the North to the South along the phytogeographical gradient and varied significantly between the different types of riparian *** in tree species composition between riparian forests was low,which indicates high beta diversity and reflects differences in habitat conditions and *** structural characteristics varied significantly along the phyto-geographical gradient and between the different types of riparian *** diameter class distribution of trees in all riparian forests showed a reverse ＂J＂ shaped curve except riparian forest of stream indicating vegetation dominated by juvenile *** the ecological importance of riparian forest,there is a need to delineate and classify them along watercourses throughout the country.

关键词： biodiversity dynamic species richness rivers streams phytogeographical gradient.

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