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Water quality in forest and village ponds in Burkina Faso(western Africa)

Journal of Forestry Research 2017年第5期28卷 1039-1048页

作者： Bilass Zongo Frdric Zongo Aboubacar Toguyeni Joseph I.Boussim laboratoire de biologie et ecologie vgtales Universit de Ouagadougou Unit de Recherche Aquaculture et Biodiversit Aquatique laboratoire d'etude et de Recherche sur les Ressources Naturelles et les Sciences Environnementales Universit Polytechnique de Bobo-Dioulasso

Forest ecosystems help conserve the quality of water resources in aquatic habitats. The conservation of biological diversity in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems remains a communal concern. Aquatic ecosystems and resources are vulnerable but can be preserved and protected by forests. In sub-Saharan regions of Africa, water from ecosystems such as ponds still play important role in the livelihood of local populations. Water from temporary ponds is used by local populations for multiple needs; however, in this part of the world, the population is increasing, thus increasing human needs and activities and land use in the region. Land-use changes lead to deforestation, land degradation and the decline in freshwater, affecting human health and well-being. Forest degradation leads to the decline in ecosystem goods and services, particularly those related to watersheds. This study conducted in eastern Burkina Faso aimed to assess water quality of temporary ponds in protected forest areas (reserves) and surrounding villages. It was conducted in 61 temporary ponds where physical, chemical and biological variables were measured, such as water surface area, depth, transparency, macrophyte cover, pH, dissolved O2, conductivity, nutrient concentrations and algae biomass. The results showed that at p depth (p = 0.00), nutrient content (p = 0.00), and algae biomass (p = 0.04) were significantly higher outside reserves than inside reserves. In contrast, macrophyte cover (mean cover percentages 53 vs. 44.5%) and water transparency (p = 0.02) were higher inside reserves. The variations in conductivity and pH were not significant. All trends showed the influences of human activities on water characteristics and the role forests and land cover had in preventing negative human impacts and disturbance of temporary ponds. Forests and land cover are important to water quality conservation and algae biomass regulation in temporary ponds. Prot

关键词： Ecosystem services Pond water Reserves variables Western Africa

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Woody species composition,diversity and structure of riparian forests of four watercourses types in Burkina Faso

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Journal of Forestry Research 2011年第2期22卷 145-158页

作者： Oumarou Sambaré Fidèle Bognounou Rüdiger Wittig Adjima Thiombiano laboratoire de biologie et ecologie végétales UFR/SVTUniversité de OuagadougouBP 7021 Ouagadougou 03 Burkina Faso Botanical Institute J. W. Goethe-University Frankfurt/M. Germany

Riparian forests are classified as endangered ecosystems in general,particularly in sahelian countries like Burkina Faso because of human-induced alterations and civil engineering *** modification of this important habitat is continuing,with little attention being paid to the ecological or human consequences of these *** objective of this study is to describe the variation of woody species diversity and dynamic in riparian forests on different type of watercourse banks along phytogeographical gradient in Burkina *** woody species were systematically measured in 90 sample plots with sides of 50 m × 20 ***,dominance,frequency and species and family importance values were computed to characterize the species *** diver-sity indices were calculated to examine the heterogeneity of riparian forests.A total of 196 species representing 139 genera and 51 families were recorded in the overall riparian *** species richness of individuals with dbh ≥ 5cm increased significantly from the North to the South along the phytogeographical gradient and varied significantly between the different types of riparian *** in tree species composition between riparian forests was low,which indicates high beta diversity and reflects differences in habitat conditions and *** structural characteristics varied significantly along the phyto-geographical gradient and between the different types of riparian *** diameter class distribution of trees in all riparian forests showed a reverse ＂J＂ shaped curve except riparian forest of stream indicating vegetation dominated by juvenile *** the ecological importance of riparian forest,there is a need to delineate and classify them along watercourses throughout the country.

关键词： biodiversity dynamic species richness rivers streams phytogeographical gradient.

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development of new cowpea(vigna unguiculata)mutant genotypes,analysis of their agromorphological variation,genetic diversity and population structure

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BIOCELL 2021年第2期45卷 345-362页

作者： MAde DIOUF SARA DIALLO FRANÇOIS ABAYE BADIANE OUMAR DIACK DIAgA DIOUF laboratoire Campus de Biotechnologies végétales Département de Biologie VégétaleFacultédes Sciences et TechniquesUniversitéCheikh Anta DiopDakar-FannDakar10700Sénégal Facultédes Sciences et Technologies de l’Education et de la Formation UniversitéCheikh Anta DiopDakar-FannDakar10700Sénégal

Cowpea is one of the most important legume grains in the sub-Saharan region of Africa used for human consumption and animal feed,but its production is hampered by biotic and abiotic constraints raising the need to broaden its genetic *** this purpose,seeds of two cowpea varieties Melakh and Yacine were irradiated with 300 and 340 gy of gamma-ray,*** developed mutant populations were agromorphologically characterized from M5 to M7,while the genetic diversity of the latter was evaluated using 13 ISSR *** on the agromorphological characterization,variation of flower color,pod length,seed coat color,and seed weight with 78.01,68.29,94.48,and 57.58%heritability,respectively,were recorded in the mutant *** analyses allowed to identify the elite mutants based on their agromorphological traits,while Pearson’s correlation results revealed a positive correlation between yield and yield component *** subpopulations were identified through STRUCTURE analyses,but the assignment of the individuals in each group was improved using DAPC(Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components)*** of Molecular variance revealed that the majority(85%)of the variance rather existed within groups than among(15%)***,our study allowed us to select new promising mutant genotypes that could be tested for multi-locational trials to evaluate their agronomic performance.

关键词： Agromorphological characterization Induced mutagenesis ISSR Plant breeding

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Breaking seed dormancy in Cupressus atlantica gaussen,an endemicand threatened coniferous tree in Morocco

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Journal of Forestry Research 2012年第3期23卷 385-390页

作者： Sfairi Youssef Ouahmane Lahcen Abbad Abdelaziz Direction Provinciale des Eaux et Forets et de la lutte contre laDésertification MarrakechMaroc laboratoire de Biotechnologies Protection et Valorisation des Ressources Végétalesdépartement deBiologieEquipe de Phytochimie et Pharmacologie des Plantes Aromatiques et MédicinalesFacultédes Sciences SemlaliaUniversitéCadi AyyadMarrakechMaroc Centre Régional de Recherche Forestière Circuit de la PalmeraieMarrakechMaroc laboratoire de Biotechnologies Protection et Valorisation desRessources Végétalesdépartement de BiologieEquipe de Phytochimieet Pharmacologie des Plantes Aromatiques et MédicinalesFacultédesSciences SemlaliaUniversitéCadi AyyadMarrakechMaroc

Cupressus atlantica gaussen （Cupressaceae） is an endemic and endangered coniferous tree geographically restricted to the N＇Fis valley in South-Western Morocco. Like many forest species, C. atlantica exhibits dormancy which delays and reduces germination. To improve seed germination, different pre-treatments were conducted on C. atlantica seeds after storage for different periods （one, two and five years） including： scarification with sandy paper; soaking seeds in hot distilled water at 60℃ and 80℃ for 15 min and soaking seeds for 48 h in a gibberellic acid （gA3） at 1,000 and 2,000 mg·L-1. Results showed that scarification with sandy paper increased the germination rate of Atlas cypress by up to 67%, indicating that the species possess essentially an exogenous dormancy （physical dormancy） due to the hard seed coat （hardseededness）. Exogenous application of gibberellic acid （gA3） at 1,000 mg.L-1 was also effective in breaking seed dormancy and germination induction. These two treatments induced faster speed germination expressed by low number of days to first germination （8-10 days） and low values of mean germination times （MgT）. However, germination rate, under any treatment, is greatly dependent on the year of seed collection. Seeds collected in year 2004 gave the highest value, suggesting that even after five years of storage, the germination capacity of C. atlantica seeds could remain high. This observation is very interesting in the ex-situ conservation of such endemic and endangered species where the production of seeds is irregular over the years.

关键词： Cupressus atlantica endemic endangered breaking seed dormancy germination capacity hand scarification ex-situ conservation

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Experimental evidence of Wolbachia introgressive acquisition between terrestrial isopod subspecies

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Current Zoology 2021年第4期67卷 455-464页

作者： Nicolas Bech Sophie Beltran-Bech Cassandre Chupeau Jean Peccoud Magali Thierry Roland Raimond Yves Caubet Mathieu Sicard Pierre greve laboratoire ecologie et biologie des Interactions EBI UMR CNRS 7267Universitéde Poitiers5 rue Albert TurpainTSA *** POITIERSCedex 9France ISEM CNRSIRDEPHEUniversite de MontpellierMontpellierFrance

Wolbachia are the most widespread endosymbiotic bacteria in *** many arthropod host species,they manipulate reproduction via several mechanisms that favor their maternal transmission to *** them,cytoplasmic incompatibility(Cl)promotes the spread of the symbiont by specifically decreasing the fertility of crosses involving infected males and uninfected females,via embryo *** differences in reproductive efficiency may select for the avoidance of incompatible mating,a process called reinforcement,and thus contribute to population *** the terrestrial isopod Porcellio dilatatus,the Wolbachia wPet strain infecting the subspecies *** induces unidirectional Cl with uninfected individuals of the subspecies *** study the consequences of Cl on *** and *** hybridization,mitochondrial haplotypes and Wolbachia infection dynamics,we used population cages seeded with different proportions of the 2 subspecies in which we monitored these genetic parameters 5 and 7 years after the initial *** of microsatellite markers allowed evaluating the degree of hybridization between individuals of the 2 *** markers revealed an increase in *** nuclear genetic signature in all mixed cages,reflecting an asymmetry in *** led to the introgressive acquisition of Wolbachia and mitochondrial haplotype from *** into nuclear genomes dominated by alleles of *** discuss these results with regards to Wolbachia effects on their host(Cl and putative fitness cost),and to a possible reinforcement that may have led to assortative mating,as possible factors contributing to the observed results.

关键词： cytoplasmic incompatibility introgressive acquisition terrestrial isopod Wolbachia

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Metamorphosis of Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1 cells

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2010年第2期28卷 304-309页

作者：张风丽张葵赵三军肖天 Michel deNIS 吴龙飞 laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne UPR9043 Institut de Biologie Structurale et Microbiologie Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism Ministry of Education Shanghai Jiao Tong University laboratoire de Microscopies et d’etude de Nanostructures (LMEN) Université de Reims Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology & Environmental Sciences Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences laboratoire de Microbiologie Géochimie et Ecologie Marines CNRS UMR6117 Centre d'Océanologie de Marseille Université de la Méditerranée

Magnetospirillum magneticum strain AMB-1 belongs to the family of magnetotactic bacteria. It possesses a magnetosome chain aligning, with the assistance of cytoskeleton filaments MamK, along the long axis of the spiral cells. Most fresh M. magneticum AMB-1 cells exhibit spiral morphology. In addition, other cell shapes such as curved and spherical were also observed in this organism. Interestingly, the spherical cell shape increased steadily with prolonged incubation time. As the actin-like cytoskeleton protein MreB is involved in maintenance of cell shapes in rod-shaped bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, the correlation between MreB protein levels and cell shape was investigated in this study. Immunoblotting analysis showed that the quantity of MreB decreased when the cell shape changed along with incubation time. As an internal control, the quantity of MamA was not obviously changed under the same conditions. Cell shape directs cell-wall synthesis during growth and division. MreB is required for maintaining the cell shape. Thus, MreB might play an essential role in maintaining the spiral shape of M. magneticum AMB-1 cells.

关键词： Magnetotactic bacteria Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1 MreB

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Cytotoxic, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Nerium oleander collected in Morocco

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2019年第1期12卷 32-37页

作者： Messaoudi Mouhcine Laglaoui Amin Amzazi Saaid Hammani Khalil Benbacer Laila El Mzibri Mohammed Unité de biologie et Recherche Médicale CNESTEN laboratoire de Biochimie-Immunologie Faculté des Sciences Mohammed V University équipe de Recherche en Biotechnologies & génie des Biomolécules Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Tanger Abdelmalek Essaadi University laboratoire de Ressources Naturelles et Environnement Faculté Polydisciplinaire de Taza Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University

Objective: To investigate the cytotoxic, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of ethanolic and aqueous crude extracts of Nerium oleander(N. oleander) leaves. Methods: Cytotoxic activities were evaluated by WST-1 bioassay on two human cancer cell lines, namely human colon adenocarcinoma cell line HT-29 and human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. The antioxidant property of N. oleander extracts was assessed by DPPH scavenging and he agar disc diffusion method was used for the determination of an毬-carotene bleaching tests. Ttimicrobial activity against different strains. Results: Using cell viability indices, the WST-1 test revealed that both extracts reduced cell viability in both cell lines. Our results also showed that aqueous extract was more active than ethanolic extract, with IC50 values of(1.67±0.22) μg/mL and(2.36±0.44) μg/mL on MDA-MB-231 cells, and(2.89±0.35) μg/mL and(5.09±0.52) μg/mL on HT29 cells, respectively. The study of the antioxidant activity showed that N. oleander extracts had a considerable scavenging capacity and exerted a significant preventive effect against the oxidation of 毬-carotene by the peroxide radicals. However, the antibacterial test showed that both ethanolic and aqueous extracts of N. oleander had a moderate antibacterial effect limited only to gram-positive bacteria. Conclusions: Our results shows that N. oleander aqueous and ethanolic extracts have significant cytotoxic activities against tumor cell lines and possesses a strong antioxidant capacity, suggesting the presence of active compounds in N. oleander leaves that could be a potential source of phytochemicals with high medicinal value to be used in cancer treatment and prevention.

关键词： Nerium oleander Anti-cancer Cytotoxicity Antioxidant Antimicrobial Bioactive compounds

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Identification of pests and assessment of their damage on Carapa procera and Lophira lanceolata in Burkina Faso,West Africa

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Journal of Forestry Research 2017年第3期28卷 585-591页

作者： Baslayi Tindano Olivier gnankine Amade Ouedraogo Mamadou Traore Jφrgen Axelsen Anne Mette Lykke Unite de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la vie et de la Terre Laboratoire d'Entomologie Fondamentale et AppliqueeUniversite de Ouagadougou03 BP 7021 OuagadougouBurkina Faso Unite de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la vie etde la Terre Laboratoire de Biologie et Ecologie VegetalesUniversite de Ouagadougou03 BP 7021 OuagadougouBurkina Faso INERA Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles01 BP 476 Ouagadougou 01Burkina Faso department of Bioscience Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark

Nontimber forest products are a source of income for women in rural African communities. However, these products are frequently damaged by insect pests. The present study investigates the diversity and damage rates of insect pests that attack Carapa procera seeds and Lophira lanceolata fruits. The experiment was set up in western Burkina Faso and, for C. carapa, consisted of pests collected from seeds that had fallen to the ground and from stockpiled seeds. For L. lanceolata, pests were collected from fruits on the trees, and on the ground. The collected samples were sent to the laboratory to estimate the proportion of damaged seeds/fruits and rear the insects. The results showed that Ephestia spp., Tribolium castaneum, Oryzeaphilus spp., and Tenebroides mauritanicus were the pests of Carapa procera seeds and Lophira lanceolata fruits. Ephestia spp. was recorded as the main pest of both C. proeera and L. lanceolata, whereas T. castaneum was only detected from seeds of L. lanceolata. For C. procera, the stocks were the most infested （29 %） by Ephestia spp. The infestation rate of fruits of L. lanceolata by Ephestia spp, on trees （31.42 ± 3.75 %） was less than the rate of fruits by T. castaneum on the ground （44.00 ± 3.5 %）. The different body sizes of Ephestia spp. may indicate the occurrence of two putative species, one from C. procera and another one from L. lanceolata. This work provides important information that could contribute to the setting up of a local-scale sustainable management framework for oil tree pests in Burkina Faso and surrounding countries.

关键词： Insect diversity Carapa procera Lophiralanceolata Ephestia spp. Pest management

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The allometry of number of feathers in birds changes seasonally

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Chinese Birds 2015年第1期6卷 1-5页

作者： Anders Pape Mller laboratoire d’ecologie Systématique et Evolution CNRS UMR 8079Université Paris-Sud

Background: Feathers are a defining feature of birds with multiple functions such as flight, insulation, protection against predation and signaling. Feathers are lost during the annual molt while the rate of such loss at other times of the year and its fitness consequences remain poorly ***: I used information on the number and the mass of feathers for 160 individuals belonging to 85 species of birds in general linear mixed models to analyze allometry of feathers and to investigate possible factors explaining variation in the number of feathers. A phylogenetic effect was assessed by quantifying the random effect of ***: The total mass of feathers increased isometrically with body mass, while the total number of feathers and the mean mass of feathers showed negative allometry. Negative allometry implied that small-sized species had relatively many small feathers. There was a negative association between the number of feathers and migration distance. The total number of feathers initially increased during fall and winter, consistent with individuals growing more feathers later during the year or with individuals with fewer feathers selectively disappearing from the population. In contrast, the number of feathers decreased from winter through spring and ***: These findings suggest that thermoregulation has affected the evolution of the number and the size of feathers, there is selection against feather loss, and that the number of feathers varies across seasons.

关键词： Feather loss Molt Number of feathers Predation Thermoregulation

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Residual Effects of Sucrose and Hormonal Treatments of the Tuberization Medium on <i>in vitro</i>germination of Potato (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i>L.) Microtubers

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第9期4卷 1872-1878页

作者： Abraham Diémé Mame Abdou Nahr Sambe Emile Codjo Agbangba Mame Ourèye Sy laboratoire Campus de Biotechnologies végétales Département de Biologie Végétale Faculté des Sciences & Techniques Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Sénégal laboratoire Campus de Biotechnologies végétales Département de Biologie Végétale Faculté des Sciences & Techniques Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Sénégal laboratoire d’ecologie végétale et d’Ecohydrologie Département de Biologie Végétale Faculté des Sciences & Techniques Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Sénégal.

The residual effects of sucrose concentrations (80 or 100 g·L-1) and hormonal treatments (BAP + Kinetin or Coumarin) of tuberization medium on in vitro microtubers germination of three potato varieties (Solanum tuberosum L.) so called Aida, Atlas and Odessa, are described. After 3 weeks of incubation at 28℃ ± 1℃, 70% of Aida microtubers variety, previously formed in the MT2 medium [MS/2 + 80 g·L-1 Sucrose], germinated. The best germination rate for varieties Atlas (100%) and Odessa (66.66%) was obtained on microtubers previously formed in the medium MT2 [MS/2 + 100 g·L-1 Sucrose]. The addition of hormones in the tuberization medium allowed optimizing the microtubers germination of the Aida variety unlike the other varieties. Indeed, for the Aida variety, the combination M5 [Kin 2.5 mg·L-1 + Coum 0.025 mg·L-1 + Sucrose 80 g·L-1] increased the germination rate from 70% up to 93.33%. The best germination rate (90%), noticed with microtubers of Atlas variety, initially formed in M2 medium [Kin 1 mg·L-1 + BAP 1 mg·L-1 + Sucrose 100 g·L-1], was lower than that one (100%) obtained on medium without hormones. For Odessa variety, the maximum germination rate (53.33%) of microtubers, from the medium M4 [Kin 2.5 mg·L-1 + BAP 1 mg·L-1 + Sucrose 100 g·L-1], was also lower than that one (66.66%) observed in the medium without hormones. Aida and Atlas varieties thus offer a better germination rate than Odessa after their cold storage.

关键词： Solanum tuberosum Microcuttings Microtubers In vitro germination Sucrose Cytokinins Coumarin

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