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Exploring the effects of dietary inulin in rainbow trout fed a high‑starch,100%plant‑based diet

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Journal of Animal science and Biotechnology 2024年第2期15卷 713-732页

作者： Raphaël defaix Jep Lokesh Laura Frohn Mickael Le Bechec Thierry Pigot Vincent Veron Anne surget sandra Biasutti Frederic Terrier sandrine skiba-Cassy Jerome Roy stephane Panserat Karine Ricaud Universite de Pau et des Pays de L’Adour E2S UPPAINRAENUMEASaint‑Pee‑Sur‑NivelleFrance Universite de Pau et des Pays de L’Adour E2S UPPACNRSIMT Mines AlesIPREMPauFrance Universite de Pau et des Pays de L’Adour E2S UPPAIUT des Pays de l’AdourDepartement Genie BiologiqueMont de MarsanFrance.

Background High dietary carbohydrates can spare protein in rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)but may affect growth and ***,a prebiotic,could have nutritional and metabolic effects,along with anti-inflammatory properties in teleosts,improving growth and *** tested this hypothesis in rainbow trout by feeding them a 100%plant-based diet,which is a viable alternative to fishmeal and fish oil in aquaculture *** a two-factor design,we examined the impact of inulin(2%)as well as the variation in the carbohydrates(CHO)/plant protein ratio on rainbow *** assessed the influence of these factors on zootechnical parameters,plasma metabolites,gut microbiota,production of short-chain fatty acids and lactic acid,as well as the expression of free-fatty acid receptor genes in the mid-intestine,intermediary liver metabolism,and immune markers in a 12-week feeding *** The use of 2%inulin did not significantly change the fish intestinal microbiota,but interestingly,the high CHO/protein ratio group showed a change in intestinal microbiota and in particular the beta diversity,with 21 bacterial genera affected,including Ralstonia,Bacillus,and 11 lactic-acid producing *** were higher levels of butyric,and valeric acid in groups fed with high CHO/protein diet but not with *** high CHO/protein group showed a decrease in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines(il1b,il8,and tnfa)in liver and a lower expression of the genes coding for tight-junction proteins in mid-intestine(tjp1a and tjp3).However,the 2%inulin did not modify the expression of plasma immune ***,inulin induced a negative effect on rainbow trout growth performance irrespective of the dietary *** With a 100%plant-based diet,inclusion of high levels of carbohydrates could be a promising way for fish nutrition in aquaculture through a protein sparing effect whereas the supplementation of 2%inulin does not appear to improve the use of CHO wh

关键词： Aquaculture Fish nutrition Gut microbiota Immune markers Intermediary metabolism Inulin Prebiotic Rainbow trout short-chain fatty acids

Lateral ring compression test applied to a small caliber steel jacket:Identification of a constitutive model

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defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第6期36卷 133-148页

作者： Yann Coget Yael demarty Christophe Czarnota Anthony Bracq Jean-sebastien Brest Alexis Rusinek French-German Research Institute of saint-Louis 5 Rue Du General Cassagnou68300 Saint-LouisFrance laboratoire d'etude des Microstructures et de Mecanique des Materiaux(LEM3) CNRSUniversite de LorraineArts&Metiers ParisTechF-57000 MetzFrance

The evolution of threats and scenarios requires continuous performance improvements of ballistic protections for armed *** a modeling point of view,it is necessary to use sufficiently precise material behavior models to accurately describe the phenomena observed during the impact of a projectile on a protective *** this context,the goal of this paper is to characterize the behavior of a small caliber steel jacket by combining experimental and numerical *** experimental method is based on the lateral compression of ring specimens directly machined from the thin and small *** speeds and temperatures are considered in a quasi-static regime in order to reveal the strain rate and temperature dependencies of the tested *** Finite Element Updating Method(FEMU)is *** results are coupled with an inverse optimization method and a finite element numerical model in order to determine the parameters of a constitutive model representative of the jacket *** of the present model are verified against experimental results and a parametric study as well as a discussion on the identified material parameters are *** results indicate that the strain hardening parameter can be neglected and the behavior of the thin steel jacket can be described by a modeling without strain hardening sensitivity.

关键词： Full metal jacket ammunition Lateral ring compression Inverse identification Numerical simulation

Photovoltaic waste management in sub-saharan Africa:current practices in Burkina Faso

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Waste disposal and sustainable Energy 2024年第2期6卷 271-282页

作者： Kodami Badza Yrebegnan Moussa soro Marie sawadogo laboratoire Energies Renouvelables et EfficacitéEnergétique Institut International d'Ingenierie de I'Eau et de I'Environnement(2iE)01 BP 594 OuagadougouBurkina Faso

sub-saharan Africa is witnessing a proliferation of photovoltaic(PV)waste due to the increasing number of solar PV power *** waste(panels,batteries,electrical cables,mounting structures,and inverters)consists of elements such as mercury,cadmium,chromium,lead,copper,aluminum,fluorinated compounds,and plastics that are toxic to human health and the environment if a proper management system is not *** many studies worldwide have focused on PV waste management,very few have been conducted in sub-saharan *** study aims to investigate the current PV waste management system in Burkina Faso,determine stakeholder profiles,and propose strategies to enhance the existing *** research,interviews,questionnaires,and field visits were used in the *** survey showed that young people,mainly under 30 years of age and with a primary education,dominate(70%)in terms of PV waste collection and repair activities,while the more technical recycling and export activities are carried out mainly(88%)by stakeholders older than 40 years and with a secondary education(60%).Among the older stakeholders,100%are aware of the hazardous nature of PV waste,whereas 36%are young *** an environmental perspective,the main source of contamination observed is the release of lead-rich sulfuric acids into water and soil during the collection and repair *** the recycling of batteries and electrical cables,toxic fumes are emitted into the air,and recycling residues rich in toxic substances are *** reduce risks to human health and the environment when managing PV waste,the introduction of legislation,the multiplication of collection points and appropriate infrastructures,the training and awareness-raising of stakeholders,and the extended responsibility of manufacturers are *** on the economic feasibility of setting up formal management structures are needed to complete this work.

关键词： Photovoltaic waste sub-saharan Africa Waste management Recycling Batteries Incineration

Purity-dependent Lorenz number,electron hydrodynamics and electron-phonon coupling in WTe_(2)

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science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第8期67卷 153-158页

作者： Wei Xie Feng Yang Liangcai Xu Xiaokang Li Zengwei Zhu Kamran Behnia Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and school of Physics Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China laboratoire de Physique et d’etude des Matériaux(EsPCI-CNRs-sorbonne Université)PsL University Paris 75005France

We present a study of electrical and thermal transport in Weyl semimetal WTe_(2)down to 0.3 *** Wiedemann-Franz law holds below 2 K and a downward deviation starts *** deviation is more pronounced in cleaner samples,as expected in the hydrodynamic picture of electronic transport,where a fraction of electron-electron collisions conserve *** are the dominant heat carriers and their mean-free-path does not display a Knudsen *** is presumably a consequence of weak anharmonicity,as indicated by the temperature dependence of the specific *** momentum exchange between phonons and electrons leads to quantum oscillations of the phononic thermal ***-Grüneisen picture of electron-phonon scattering breaks down at low temperature when Umklapp ph-ph collisions cease to be a sink for electronic flow of *** with semi-metallic sb shows that normal ph-ph collisions are amplified by *** both semimetals,at cryogenic temperature,e-ph collisions degrade the phononic flow of energy but not the electronic flow of momentum.

关键词： thermal conductivity Wiedemann-Franz law electron hydrodynamics electron-phonon coupling

On stability behaviors of 5d M-theory black objects

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第5期76卷 94-101页

作者： Adil Belhaj Abderrahim Bouhouch departement de Physique Equipe des Sciences de la matiere et du rayonnementESMaR Faculte des SciencesUniversite Mohammed V de RabatRabatMorocco

Using N=2 supergravity formalism,we investigate certain behaviors of five-dimensional black objects from the compactification of M-theory on a Calabi-Yau *** manifold has been constructed as the intersection of two homogeneous polynomials of degrees(ω+2,1)and(2,1)in a product of two weighted projective spaces given by WP^(4)(ω,1,1,1,1)×P^(1).First,we determine the allowed electric charge regions of the BPs and non BPs black holes obtained by wrapping M2-branes on appropriate two cycles in such a proposed Calabi-Yau *** that,we calculate the entropy of these solutions which takes a maximal value corresponding to ω=1 defining the ordinary projective space P^(4).For generic values of ω,we show that the non BPs states are ***,we conduct a similar study of five-dimensional black *** the allowed magnetic charge regions of the BPs and non BPs black stringy solutions derived from M5-branes on dual divisors,we calculate the tension taking a minimal value for P^(4).By determining the recombination factor,we show that the non-BPs black string states are stable in the allowed regions in the magnetic charge space.

关键词： M-theory Calabi-Yau manifolds black holes black strings stability behaviors

Virtual brain twins: from basic neuroscience to clinical use

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National science Review 2024年第5期11卷 72-86页

作者： Huifang E.Wang Paul Triebkorn Martin Breyton Borana dollomaja Jean-didier Lemarechal spase Petkoski Pierpaolo sorrentino damien depannemaecker Meysam Hashemi Viktor K.Jirsa Aix Marseille Université Institut National de la Santéet de la Recherche Médicale Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes(INS) UMR1106 service de Pharmacologie Clinique et Pharmacosurveillance AP–HM

Virtual brain twins are personalized, generative and adaptive brain models based on data from an individual's brain for scientific and clinical use. After a description of the key elements of virtual brain twins,we present the standard model for personalized whole-brain network models. The personalization is accomplished using a subject's brain imaging data by three means:(1) assemble cortical and subcortical areas in the subject-specific brain space;(2) directly map connectivity into the brain models, which can be generalized to other parameters; and(3) estimate relevant parameters through model inversion, typically using probabilistic machine learning. We present the use of personalized whole-brain network models in healthy ageing and five clinical diseases: epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and psychiatric disorders. specifically, we introduce spatial masks for relevant parameters and demonstrate their use based on the physiological and pathophysiological hypotheses. Finally, we pinpoint the key challenges and future directions.

关键词： virtual brain twin personalized modeling inference neuroscience brain disorder

A global analysis of the introduction pathways and characteristics associated with non-native fish species introduction, establishment, and impacts

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Ecological Processes 2024年第2期13卷 16-31页

作者： Camille Bernery Céline Bellard Franck Courchamp sébastien Brosse Boris Leroy CNRs Agro Paris Tech Ecologie Systématique Evolution Université Paris-Saclay Unité Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA UMR 8067) Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle Sorbonne Universités Université de Caen Normandie Université des Antilles CNRS IRD laboratoire évolution & diversité Biologique (EdB UMR5174) Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse 3 CNRS IRD UPS

Background The invasion success of introduced freshwater fishes is influenced by many factors, including ecological, species, and socioeconomic characteristics. Most studies that document the importance of these characteristics are conducted at local scales and/or focus on a single step of the invasion process. In this study, we aim to determine the species characteristics, ecological characteristics, and socioeconomic characteristics of non-native freshwater fish invasions. Our assessment was done at the global scale and considers all three steps of the invasion(i.e., introduction, establishment, and impact). For this purpose, we applied generalized linear models to 20 variables collected for 307 non-native species and modeled them as a function of ecological characteristics(i.e., environmental features), species traits(i.e., functional and morphological), and socioeconomic characteristics(i.e., human use and introduction pathways). We considered the number of countries in which each species was introduced, established, or had ecological impacts as a proxy of invasion step success. We also explored the specifics of species introduced through the aquaculture and the ornamental fish trade *** We found that non-native freshwater fishes with broad diets, high parental care, and multiple introduction pathways are the most widely introduced and established worldwide. The number of countries with impacts reported was best explained by the type of introduction pathway(i.e., aquaculture or fisheries). Moreover, among non-native species introduced through aquaculture, those belonging to Cypriniformes and having broad diets were the most widely introduced and established species. In contrast, the species introduced through the ornamental fish trade pathway belonged to various taxonomic orders but were mainly native to tropical *** Considering several types of factors is important when analyzing the invasion success of freshwater fish and disentang

关键词： Aquaculture Ecology Exotic Freshwater fish Introduction pathway Invasion step Morphology Ornamental fish trade socioeconomic Trait

Finite-temperature ductility-brittleness and electronic structures of Al_(n)sc(n=1,2 and 3)

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Rare Metals 2024年第8期43卷 3974-3989页

作者： Xue-Qian Wang Ying Zhao Hao-Xuan Liu shu-Chen sun Hong-Bo Yang Jia-Min Zhong Gan-Feng Tu song Li Yu-dong Zhang Claude Esling Hai-Le Yan Liang Zuo Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials(Ministry of Education) School of Material Science and EngineeringNortheastern UniversityShenyang 110819China school of Metallurgy Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China Rare Earth Functional Materials(Xiong'an)Innovation Center Co. Ltd.Xiong'an 071700China laboratoire d'étude des Microstructures et de Mécanique des Matériaux(LEM3) Unikersitéde Lorraine57045MetzFrance

Finite-temperature ductility-brittleness and electronic structures of Al_(3)sc,Al_(2)sc and Alsc are studied comparatively by first-principles calculations and ab initio molecular *** show that Al_(3)sc and Al_(2)sc are brittle at both ground state and finite temperatures,while Alsc possesses a significantly superior *** ground state,Alsc is ductile from Pugh's and Poisson's criteria,while it is brittle in Pettifor's *** ductility of all Al_(3)sc,Al_(2)sc and AIsc improves greatly with the elevated ***,the Cauchy pressure of Alsc undergoes a transition from negative to *** T>600 K,Alsc is unequivocally classified as ductile from all criteria *** all compounds,the Al-Al bond originated from s-p and p-p orbital hybridizations,and the Al-sc bond dominated by p-d covalent hybridization,are the first and second strongest chemical bonds,*** explain the difference in mechanical properties,the mean bond strength(MBs)is introduced in this *** weaker Al-Al bond in Alsc,leading to a smaller MBs,could be the origin of the softer elastic stiffness and superior intrinsic *** longer length of the Al-Al bond in Alsc is responsible for its weaker bond ***,the enhanced metallicity of the Al-Al bond in Alsc would also contribute to its exceptional *** longer length of the Al-Al bond in AIsc is responsible for its weaker bond ***,the enhanced metallicity of the Al-Al bond in Alsc would also contribute to its exceptional ductility.

关键词： Al-sc Target materials Intrinsic ductility Finite-temperature elastic constant First-principles calculation

Photosynthetic response to a winter heatwave in leading and trailing edge populations of the intertidal red alga Corallina offi-cinalis(Rhodophyta)

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Acta Oceanologica sinica 2024年第7期43卷 70-77页

作者： Regina Kolzenburg Federica Ragazzola Laura Tamburello Katy R.Nicastro Christopher d.McQuaid Gerardo I.Zardi UmeåMarine sciences Centre UmeåUniversity90571 NorrbynSweden University of Portsmouth Institute of Marine SciencePortsmouth PO49LYUK stazione Zoologica Anton dohrn Genova Marine CenterGenova 16126Italy stazione Zoologica Anton dohrn Sicily Marine CenterPalermo 90149Italy department of Zoology and Entomology Rhodes UniversityMakhanda(Grahamstown)6139South Africa Centre of Marine sciences University of AlgarveFaro 8005-139Portugal laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences Universitéde LilleLille 59000France Universitéde Caen Normandie Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et des Ecosystèmes AquatiquesCaen 14032France

Marine heatwaves(MHWs)caused by anthropogenic climate change are becoming a key driver of change at the ecosystem *** conditions experienced by marine organisms across their distribution,particularly towards the equator,are likely to approach their physiological limits,resulting in extensive mortality and subsequent changes at the population *** at the margins of their species’distribution are thought to be more sensitive to climate-induced environmental pressures than central populations,but our understanding of variability in fitness-related physiological traits in trailing versus leading-edge populations is *** a laboratory simulation study,we tested whether two leading(Iceland)and two trailing(spain)peripheral populations of the intertidal macroalga Corallina officinalis display different levels of maximum potential quantum efficiency(Fv/Fm)resilience to current and future winter MHWs *** study revealed that ongoing and future local winter MHWs will not negatively affect leading-edge populations of ***,which exhibited stable photosynthetic efficiency throughout the *** edge populations showed a positive though non-significant trend in photosynthetic efficiency throughout winter MHWs *** and equatorward populations did not produce significantly different results,with winter MHWs having no negative affect on Fv/Fm of either ***,we found no long-term regional or population-level influence of a winter MHWs on this species’photosynthetic ***,we found no statistically significant difference in thermal stress responses between leading and trailing ***,*** showed a trend towards higher stress responses in southern than northern *** responses rest on a variety of local population traits,they are difficult to predict based solely on thermal pressures.

关键词： marginal population coralline algae climate change ecophysiology photophysiology macroalgae Fv/Fm