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Electron spectroscopies and their use for materials characterization

Nuclear Science and Techniques 2003年第1期14卷 28-48页

作者： Didier SBILLEAU Bat.11C France laboratoire palms UMR CNRS-Universite 6627 Universite de Rennes-1 35042 Rennes-Cedex

We present here a general overview of electron spectroscopies from a practical point of view. The most frequently used ones are described and the type of structural information they can provide on materials is explained in relation to the physical processes on which they are based. Furthermore, we explore critically and in detail various tools that have been developed to allow a systematic solving of structures by these spectroscopies.

关键词： Electron spectroscopy Materials characterization Surface analysis

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Inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improves seedlings growth of two sahelian date palm cultivars (<i>Phoenix dactylifera</i>L., cv. Nakhla hamra and cv. Tijib) under salinity stresses

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2014年第1期5卷 64-72页

作者： Ibrahima Léopold Djitiningo Diatta Aboubacry Kane Codjo Emile Agbangba Maurice Sagna Diegane Diouf Frédérique Aberlenc-Bertossi Yves Duval Alain Borgel Djibril Sane IRD Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Montpellier France laboratoire Campus de Biotechnologies Végétales Département de Biologie Végétale Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Un-iversité Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Sénégal laboratoire Campus de Biotechnologies Végétales Département de Biologie Végétale Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Un-iversité Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Sénégal laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie IRD/ISRA/UCAD Route des Hydrocarbures Dakar Sénégal laboratoire d’Ecologie et d’Ecohydrologie Département de Bi-ologie Végétale Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Sénégal

This study presents an analysis of the impact of mycorrhizal inoculation on growth under salt stress of date palms cultivars Nakhla hamra (NHH) and Tijib known in the Sahel for their earliness in flowering and fruiting. The seedlings were grown in a greenhouse on a sandy substrate watered to field capacity every two days and were subjected to increasing levels of NaCl (0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 16 g·L-1) and then inoculated with 5 strains of Glomus (G. aggregatum, G. intraradices, G. verriculosum, G. mosseae, G. fasciculatum). The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three factors (cultivars: Tijib and Nakhla Hamra x seven levels of NaCl concentrations x six levels of inoculum). The results showed that in the absence of NaCl, G. verriculosum significantly enhanced shoot growth: 33.5 cm against 30.3 cm in the control and roots growth: 81.5 cm against 78 cm in NHH, while in Tijib, the growth is stimulated by Glomus fasciculatum: 33.8 cm against 32.7 cm for stems and 90 cm against 86 cm for the roots of inoculated plants and controls. In contrast, in the presence of NaCl 8 g·L-1, NHH has a better growth in the presence of G. intraradices: 37.3 cm against 30.6 cm for stems and 77 cm against 73 for roots, while Tijib grows better in the presence of G. fasciculatum with respectively 31.9 cm against 31.7 cm and 51.27 cm against 51.6 cm for stems and roots of inoculated plants and controls. Biochemical analysis revealed that changes in levels of proline depend on the cultivar, the mycorrhizal strain used and concentrations of NaCl applied. These results open the prospect of using mycorrhizal fungi to improve the productivity of palm trees in the Sahel.

关键词： Sahel Date Palm Salinity Inoculation Mycorrhizae Glomus Proline

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