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Vetiver Grass and Micropollutant Leaching Through Structured Soil Columns Under Outdoor Conditions

Pedosphere 2016年第4期26卷 522-532页

作者： Sylvie DOUSSET Norbert ONDO ZUE ABAGA David BILLET Universite de Lorraine-CNRS-laboratoire interdisciplinaire des environnements continentaux (liec) 56506 Vandoceuvre-les-Nancy

In Burkina Faso, significant amounts of endosulfan are applied to cotton fields; in addition, urban vegetable agriculture is often characterised by high fertiliser inputs, such as urban solid wastes containing heavy metals(e.g., Cu and Cd). Thus, the relevance of surrounding cotton and urban vegetable plots with vetiver(Vetiveria zizanioides) hedges to reduce environmental pollution by micropollutants was investigated using a leaching experiment, with outdoor lysimeters filled with two representative agricultural soils of Burkina Faso: Vertisol and Lixisol. After 6 months, little Cu was found in the leachates(despite leachate and bromide recoveries being greater in soils planted with vetiver grass than in the bare soils, smaller amounts of endosulfan and Cd were found in the effluents from the planted soils(0.01% to 0.70% of the applied amount) than in those from the bare soils(0.01% to 1.48% of the applied amount), in agreement with their adsorption coefficients. These results may also be explained by a greater degradation of endosulfan in planted soils compared to bare soils and the absorption of Cd by vetiver. Thus, vetiver may decrease the risk of groundwater contamination,especially for Cd and endosulfan, which are more mobile than Cu. In addition, despite the smaller amounts of endosulfan and Cd measured in the Vertisol leachates(0.01% and 0.04% of the applied amount, respectively) compared to the Lixisol leachates, vetiver was more effective in decreasing the leaching of micropollutants if planted on Lixisol rather than on Vertisol. Further field monitoring is necessary to demonstrate the effectiveness of vetiver under the climatic conditions of Burkina Faso.

关键词： cadmium copper endosulfan Lixisol lysimeter transfer Vertisol

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Ecogenotoxicology in earthworms： A review

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Current Zoology 2014年第2期60卷 255-272页

作者： Paule VASSEUR Marc BONNARD CNRS umr 7360 Laboratoire Interdiscipinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC) Universit6 de Lorraine MetzFrance Unité Interactions Animal-Environnement (IAE) - EA 4689 Universit6 de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA) Reims France

Pollutant dynamics and bioavailability greatly differ in soil and aquatic systems. Therefore, specific approaches and models are needed to assess the impact of soil contamination to terrestrial ecosystems. Earthworms among other soil invertebrates have received more attention because of their ecological importance. They represent a dominant part of the soil biomass and are soil engineers regulating important soil processes, notably fertilization. The release in soils of pollutants known for their persistence and/or their toxicity is a concern. Exposure of terrestrial species to pollutants that may alter genomic function has become an increasing topic of research in the last decade. Indeed, genome disturbances due to genetic and epigenetic mechanisms may impair growth, as well as reproduction and population dynamics in the long term. despite their importance in gene expres- sion, epigenetic mechanisms are not yet understood in soil invertebrates. Until now, pollutant-induced changes in genome expression in natural biota are still being studied through structural alteration of DNA. The first biomarker relating to genotoxicant exposure in earthworms from multi-contaminated soils reported is DNA adducts measurements. It has been replaced by DNA breakage measured by the Comet assay, now more commonly used. Functional genomic changes are now being explored owing to molecular ＂omic＂ technologies. Approaches, objectives and results are overviewed herein. The focus is on studies dealing with genotoxicity and populational effects established from environmentally-relevant experiments and in situ studies [Current Zoology 60 （2）： 255-272, 2014].

关键词： DNA adducts Comet assay Transcriptomic DNA methylation Pollutants Tolerance

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Patterns of climber distribution in temperate forests of the Americas

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2016年第6期9卷 724-733页

作者： Annik Schnitzler Javier Amigo Brack Hale Christophe Schnitzler laboratoire interdisciplinaire des environnements continentaux(liec) UMR 7360 Universitéde LorraineMetzFrance Laboratorio de Botánica Facultad de FarmaciaUniversidad de Santiago de CompostelaA CoruñaSpain Franklin University Switzerland SorengoSwitzerland Facultédes Sciences du Sport UnistraUniversitéde StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance

Aims and Methods We propose a standard protocol at the landscape to continental scale for examining to what extent the range of ecological conditions found in temperate latitudes explains the variations in climber species richness and *** protocol was tested in forests of the two *** data set included 151 climber *** selected four categorical traits and grouped these species into six clusters with regard to these *** records of American forests were first gathered into alliances,second combined with bioclimatic indices(rainfall,temperature,continentality).We obtained a total of 59 vegetational units in which we calculated values of climber species richness and proportion of *** units were ultimately gathered into five forest formations(characterized by leaf longevity).Wetlands and uplands were considered *** Findings Our results emphasize clear trends in large-scale patterns of climber distribution,independently of *** species richness(in particular woody climbers)peaks in moist and warm upland forests with oceanic climates,and where conifers are *** flooded areas,climber richness is also very high and peaks in seasonally flooded large *** ecological conditions of frost,dryness or lack of nutrients,climber species richness,abundance and trait diversity decline,resulting in the dominance of small,twining and deciduous life traits.

关键词： American forest bioclimatic indices climber life traits standart protocol species richness

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Wild grapevine(Vitis vinifera ***)in the Hyrcanian relict forests of northern Iran:an overview of current taxonomy,ecology and palaeorecords

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Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第6期29卷 1757-1768页

作者： Alireza Naqinezhad Elias Ramezani Morteza Djamali Annik Schnitzler Claire Arnold Department of Biology Faculty of Basic SciencesUniversity of MazandaranBabolsarMazandaranIran Department of Forestry Faculty of Natural ResourcesUrmia UniversityUrmiaIran Institut Mediterraneen de Biodiversite et d’Ecologie(IMBE UMR 7263CNRS-Aix Marseille Universite-IRD-Universite d’Avignon)Europole mediterraneen de l'Arboisbatiment VilleminBP8013545 Aix-En-Provence Cedex 04France laboratoire interdisciplinaire des environnements continentaux liec-umr 7360 CNRSUniversity of LorraineMetzFrance University of Lausanne Unicentre1015 LausanneSwitzerland

Due to severe anthropogenic impacts on lowland and submontane zones of the Hyrcanian forests of northern Iran, wild grapevine(Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris), a sporadically distributed woody liana, is currently considered an endangered species. Using data from the literature and 34 studied populations, herbarium assessments and nine palynological sites, we provide an overview of its taxonomy,distribution and ecology in the first part of the *** separation of the two subspecies, namely V. sylvestris subsp. anebophylla and V. sylvestris subsp. trichophylla(sensu Flora Iranica), based on their leaf indumentums, could not be confirmed by our examination of herbarium materials and field observations. Indumentum of the leaves is a result of leaf polymorphism in different Vitis specimens and can be strongly influenced by environmental conditions. Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris grows in a wide range of habitats including wetlands, seasonal stream sides in closed forests,alluvial beds of large rivers, sand dune shrublands and forested wetlands(alder forests). Parrotia persica and Carpinus betulus were the most frequent host species in the studied populations. In the Hyrcanian region, no pollen record of Vitis older than the Mid-or Late-Holocene has yet been established. despite the intrinsic problem in pollen identification by normal(i.e., light) microscopy of wild from cultivated grapevines, the significant values and persistent occurrence of Vitis pollen since the Mid-Holocene(before the Bronze Age) in the Hyrcanian pollen records may imply the onset of viticulture in low-to mid-elevation sites in the region. This represents an argument to consider the Hyrcanian region as a possible domestication center for V. ***, the question of wild versus cultivated origin of grapevines in the Hyrcanian pollen records and the possible date of its domestication and/or cultivation will remain open until further palynological studies are undertaken.

关键词： Domestication Grapevine Hyrcanian forests Pollen Vitis

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Mineralogical and Chemical Characteristics of Clays Consumed in the District of Abidjan(Cote D’Ivoire)

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2014年第14期5卷 1048-1059页

作者： Vamoussa Coulibaly Joseph Sei Leon Konan Koffi Samuel Oyetola El-Aid Jdid Fabien Thomas laboratoire de Chimie des Materiaux Inorganiques UFR SSMTUniversite Felix Houphouet-Boigny de Cocody-AbidjanAbidjanCote d’Ivoire Universite de Lorraine Laboratoire Georessources—UMR 7359Rue du Doyen RoubaultVandoeuvreFrance CNRS Laboratoire Georessources—UMR 7359Rue du Doyen RoubaultVandoeuvreFrance Universite de Lorraine Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux—UMR 736015 rue du CharmoisVandoeuvreFrance CNRS Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux—UMR 736015 rue du CharmoisVandoeuvreFrance

Clay materials of the quarry of Bingerville (district of Abidjan) have been characterized by chemical analysis, X-rays diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis. These materials contain kaolinite (41% - 84%), illite (4% - 10%), quartz (14% - 27%), goethite (2% - 5%) and small amount of rutile (1%) that are not toxic minerals. They also contain some heavy metals which are beneficial to human biological activity (cobalt, copper, molybdenum, zinc) in tiny quantities. Some other heavy metals (lead, cadmium) which are considered as poisonous for human are present in very low content. The samples characterized by relatively fine grains are moderately crystallized. Their specific surface area varied from 26 to 43 m2·g—1. The mineralogical and physicochemical characteristics of these samples are like ones known for their healing properties. The consumption by internal way of studied materials, although it may be beneficial, requires a sifting to remove coarse grains (Φ > 2 μm) and a previous microbiological control.

关键词： Mineralogy Physicochemical Analysis Kaolinite Illite Edibility

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Phytoremediation Potential of Vetiver Grass (Vetiveria Zizanioides) in Two Mixed Heavy Metal Contaminated Soils from the Zoundweogo and Boulkiemde Regions of Burkina Faso (West Africa)

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2021年第11期9卷 73-88页

作者： Norbert Ondo Zue Abaga Sylvie Dousset Colette Munier-Lamy Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku (USTM) Unité de Recherche en Sciences de la Terre et de l’Environnement (URESTE) Franceville Gabon Université de Lorraine CNRS Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC) Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy France

In the agricultural regions of Burkina Faso, urban solid waste fertilizers were usually applied. This activity is likely to contaminate the soils and expose populations to serious diseases. This study aims to assess rate of heavy metal (Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cr) contamination in both agricultural lixisol and vertisol and to evaluate the removal efficiency of heavy metals using Vetiver grass on different two mixed heavy metal contaminated soils. A pot experiment was conducted to compare the metal accumulation and overall efficiency of metal uptake by different plant parts (roots and shoots) on both tropical soils. After 3 and 6 months growing on laboratory conditions, Vetiver grass plants were harvested and heavy metal concentrations in shoot and root parts determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma - Atomic Emission Spectroscopy. The results indicate that at 3 and 6 moths, the shoot and root concentrations of heavy metals in Vetiver grass harvested in lixisol were higher than vertisol. For different plant parts, all metal concentrations were higher in root than in shoot, except Cu and Pb. At the 3 and 6 months, the BCF values > 1 for Cd, Cu and Zn in both soils showed Vetiver grass as an effective phyto-stabilizer for these metals. However, the TF values > 1 for Cd (lixisol), Mn, Zn Ni and Cr (vertisol) indicated the efficiency of Vetiver for phytoextraction. The results of this study showed that Vetiver is more effective in lixisol, but it can be used for remediation of both studied tropical soils from agricultural region of Burkina Faso. Nevertheless, considering the special limitations of the experimental conditions, further field monitoring is necessary to demonstrate the phytoremediation efficiency of Vetiver in agricultural soils under the climatic conditions of Burkina Faso.

关键词： Vetiver Grass Heavy Metals Lixisol Vertisol Phytoextraction Phytostabilization Contamination

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